成像光谱仪的定标

成像光谱仪是同时获取地物的影像和光谱信息的新一代遥感器。定量遥感技术要求对其进行精确的光谱定标与辐射定标，并在执行任务期间考察定标精度。综述了对航空与航天成像光谱仪进行发射前地面上的绝对定标的方法与在飞行中进行相对定标和绝对定标的各种方法，并探讨了提高其精度的可行途径     

星载光学遥感器可见近红外通道辐射定标研究进展

辐射定标是遥感定量化应用的基础。在阐述辐射定标概念,意义和方法的基础上,介绍了发射前定标、在轨星上定标和在轨替代定标的各种方法,并分析了这些方法在卫星不同阶段所起的作用。以在轨替代定标中的场地定标法、场景定标法和交叉定标法为重点,详细介绍了其中各种方法的基本原理,适用范围以及当前国内外研究现状。最后,对当前国际上辐射定标的发展趋势作出展望,并针对国内的辐射定标现状提出相关的建议,使用户能够得到更高精度的遥感数据。     

计算机视党中摄像机定标综述

计算机定标是计算机视觉实现的前提和基本问题。本文回顾了计算机视觉中的几种基本的摄像机定标方法，对各种方法的特点和应用范围进行了比较、分析。     

计算机视觉中摄像机定标综述

回顾了摄影测量学和计算机视觉中的各种摄像机定标方法,对各种方法进行了分 析、比较、并讨论了摄像机定标方法应用于计算机视觉中的特点.     

摄像机定标方法综述

首先介绍了摄像机定标的意义、成像模型以及分类。然后具体分析了常用的定标方法,评价了各种方法的优缺点,最后提出今后有待进一步研究的方向。     

HY-2卫星高度计定标方法初探

为确保高度计数据的可用性和有效性,发射后需对高度计进行绝对定标。本文首先结合卫星高度计的应用领域,提出了我国HY-2的定标需求,进而介绍了国内外现有的验潮站定标、海上石油平台定标、GPS浮标定标等3种高度计定标法,并分析了各种定标法的优缺点。在此基础上,提出了适用于我国HY-2卫星高度计定标法,并简单介绍了具体的实施方案和数据处理方法。该方法为HY-2的定标方案的确定具有一定的参考价值和指导意义。     

基于现场观测的星载雷达高度计定标方法进展

综述了截至目前的高度计定标相关进展。简要论述了星载雷达高度计的发展历史，高度计的主要误差来源，并以此引出并重点论述了用以校正这些误差来源并获得定标参数的3种基于现场观测的高度计定标方法，分别为依据GPS浮标、锚系压力验潮仪阵列以及沿岸验潮仪进行现场观测方法。同时论述了高度计定标场的历史发展，分析了国际高度计定标场的建设现状，重点介绍了国际上4个主要的业务化高度计定标场：Harvest石油平台、Bass海峡定标场、Corsica岛定标场、Gavdos岛定标场与我国为HY-2定标建设中的珠海万山定标场。通过对定标方法与国际业务化定标场的介绍，将为我国HY-2系列星载高度计万山定标场建设提供一定的思路。     

干涉型超光谱成像仪星上定标方法研究

介绍一种应用于星载干涉型超光谱成像仪星上相对定标的方法，采用这种方法，可以实现全孔径、部分视场的相对辐射度定标及光谱定标。     

风云三号卫星微波探测仪定标原理及算法

微波探测仪是搭载于气象卫星上的重要载荷，可全天候获取大气温度、湿度垂直廓线、降雨等重要大气参数，为气象预报、气候变化研究和灾害性天气现象监测等提供重要数据。定标是星载微波探测仪定量化应用的基础。详细阐述了星载微波探测仪定标基本原理，给出了定标相关基础概念，并根据星载微波探测仪仪器特性，系统地梳理了发射前热真空定标、发射后在轨定标/真实性检验技术和定标算法，同时对定标试验实施方案和定标算法实现的关键点进行了总结，从而建立了完整的星载微波探测仪定标流程和基准，对星载微波探测仪的统一化定标和定量化应用具有重要意义。     

基于现场观测的星载雷达高度计定标方法进展

综述了截至目前的高度计定标相关进展。简要论述了星载雷达高度计的发展历史,高度计的主要误差来源,并以此引出并重点论述了用以校正这些误差来源并获得定标参数的3种基于现场观测的高度计定标方法,分别为依据GPS浮标、锚系压力验潮仪阵列以及沿岸验潮仪进行现场观测方法。同时论述了高度计定标场的历史发展,分析了国际高度计定标场的建设现状,重点介绍了国际上4个主要的业务化高度计定标场：Harvest石油平台、Bass海峡定标场、Corsica岛定标场、Gavdos岛定标场与我国为HY-2定标建设中的珠海万山定标场。通过对定标方法与国际业务化定标场的介绍,将为我国HY-2系列星载高度计万山定标场建设提供一定的思路。     

Robust metric calibration of non-linear camera lens distortion

Camera lens distortion is crucial to obtain the best performance cameral model. Up to now, different techniques exist, which try to minimize the calibration error using different lens distortion models or computing them in different ways. Some compute lens distortion camera parameters in the camera calibration process together with the intrinsic and extrinsic ones. Others isolate the lens distortion calibration without using any template and basing the calibration on the deformation in the image of some features of the objects in the scene, like straight lines or circles. These lens distortion techniques which do not use any calibration template can be unstable if a complete camera lens distortion model is computed. They are named non-metric calibration or self-calibration methods.Traditionally a camera has been always best calibrated if metric calibration is done instead of self-calibration. This paper proposes a metric calibration technique which computes the camera lens distortion isolated from the camera calibration process under stable conditions, independently of the computed lens distortion model or the number of parameters. To make it easier to resolve, this metric technique uses the same calibration template that will be used afterwards for the calibration process. Therefore, the best performance of the camera lens distortion calibration process is achieved, which is transferred directly to the camera calibration process.     

基于HALCON的模版匹配与相机标定

阐述了HALCON基于标定板的相机内外参数标定方法,同时对其中关键的模板匹配做出独立的探讨。通过HALCON软件进行相机的现场标定,计算左右相机的内外参数标定。相机的内参数一版为固定不变的,而视觉测量中,左右相机的外部方位或许会受外界影响而改变,有必要对相机的外参数做出独立的精确标定。     

摄像机标定方法的建模与仿真研究

研究摄像机定位优化控制问题,摄像机镜头存在多种非线性畸变,对标定路径和图像质量产生一定的影响,难以采用精确数学模型来描述,针对传统方法的摄像机标定准确率低。为了提高摄像机的标定准确率,利用LSSVM较好的处理非线性预测能力,建立一种PSO-LSSVM的摄像机标定模型。将摄像头采集到的图像坐标作为输入,将世界坐标作为输出,通过采用LSSVM精确逼近输入与输出的复杂非线性关系,采用PSO寻找LSSVM最优参数,提高标定准确率。通过标定模型进行对比实验,实验结果表明,PSO-LSSVM不仅加快标定速度,且提高了摄像机标定的准确率。     

基于主动视觉摄像机标定方法

基于主动视觉的摄像机标定是摄像机标定的重要分支之一，本文引入了必要的基础知识和概念，诸如摄像机模型和投影矩阵，基础矩阵，单应矩阵，极点，FOE（Focus Of Expansion）等，还对基于摄像机纯旋转的标定，于摄像机三正交平移运动的标定，基于多次摄像机平面正交运动的标定，基于无穷远平面单应矩阵的标定以及于射影重建的标定进行了评述并给出了结论。     

Camera calibration issues in robot calibration with eye-on-hand configuration

One of the possible methods for accurate, fast, low-cost and automated robot calibration is to employ a single camera rigidly mounted to the robot end-effector together with a single camera calibration board. The end-effector pose is measured by calibration of the camera at every robot measurement configuration. This paper contends that, with several modifications, Tsai's radial alignment constraint (RAC) camera calibration method can be made a fast and sufficiently accurate pose measurement technique. This paper focuses on speed, accuracy and cost enhancement of RAC-based camera calibration. A fast RAC-based algorithm is proposed, which cuts the computation time of Tsai's original algorithm by about a 5: 1 ratio while keeping its accuracy within the tolerances required for a successful robot calibration. A low-cost method for estimation of the ratio of scale factors of the camera/vision system is also proposed. This method does not require a precision vertical micrometer stage to provide non-coplanar calibration points data for camera calibration. Finally, the phenomenon of perspective projection distortion of circular camera calibration points is fully analyzed and error compensation methods are proposed.     

基于三线结构光的相机平面标定方法研究

相机标定技术是结构光三维视觉测量的关键技术之一,结构光测量系统的相机标定的精度对三维测量的精度有很大影响;首先对三线结构光系统图的相机标定方法进行了分析,简单介绍了工业相机成像的几何模型及标定的原理;其次利用Harris角点检测方法提取特征点坐标,并选用了BP神经网络来校正工业相机的畸变模型,以提高标定算法的优化速度和标定精度;最后采用张正友的平面标定法对校正后的摄像机模型进行标定实验,由实验结果知,该方法具有一定的准确性和有效性,在一定误差范围内,基于神经网络畸变校正的张正友相机标定能够有效提高视觉检测的精度。     

基于单幅回旋曲面图像的摄像机标定方法

针对传统摄像机标定方法存在的局限性问题,提出一种基于单幅回旋曲面图像的摄像机标定方法,综合运用计算机视觉、图像处理和计算机辅助几何设计技术,为单幅图像提供足够的几何信息用以摄像机标定,研究单幅未标定的包含回旋曲面以及特殊标定块的图像。仿真实验结果表明,该方法能够有效标定摄像机,为推广基于图像处理的应用技术提供条件。     

Segment Based Camera Calibration

The basic idea of calibrating a camera system in previous approaches is to determine camera parmeters by using a set of known 3D points as calibration reference.In this paper,we present a method of camera calibration in whih camera parameters are determined by a set of 3D lines.A set of constraints is derived on camea parameters in terms of perspective line mapping.Form these constraints,the same perspective transformation matrix as that for point mapping can be computed linearly.The minimum number of calibration lines is 6.This result generalizes that of Liu,Huang and Faugeras^[12] for camera location determination in which at least 8 line correspondences are required for linear computation of camera location.Since line segments in an image can be located easily and more accurately than points,the use of lines as calibration reference tends to ease the computation in inage preprocessing and to improve calibration accuracy.Experimental results on the calibration along with stereo reconstruction are reported.     

The Effect of Noise on Camera Calibration Parameters

Camera calibration is the estimation of parameters (both intrinsic and extrinsic) associated with a camera being used for imaging. Given the world coordinates of a number of precisely placed points in a 3D space, camera calibration requires the measurement of the 2D projection of those scene points on the image plane. While the coordinates of the points in space can be known precisely, the image coordinates that are determined from the digital image are often inaccurate and hence noisy. In this paper, we look at the statistics of the behavior of the camera calibration parameters, which are important for stereo matching, when the image plane measurements are corrupted by noise. We derive analytically the behavior of the camera calibration matrix under noisy conditions and further show that the elements of the camera calibration matrix have a Gaussian distribution if the noise introduced into the measurement system is Gaussian. Under certain approximations we derive relationships between the camera calibration parameters and the noisy camera calibration matrix and compare it with Monte Carlo simulations.     

摄像机标定系统的设计

为了解决摄像机在视觉测量中的应用这一问题,必须实现摄像机的高精度标定,设计了摄像机标定系统。首先,从摄像机标定技术的基础理论研究出发,对摄像机标定技术的原理和所采用的张正友标定法的基本原理进行了分析总结。然后,利用Matlab 标定工具箱和一张8x12,正方形边长为26mm的黑白棋盘格,对设计的摄像机系统进行标定。最后,分析了标定系统中的误差,对该系统的设计进行验证。实验结果表明：摄像机的主点坐标误差为：[-0.01186;0.03393];摄像机外部参数标定像素误差达到[0.22981; 0.16846]。基本满足视觉测量的稳定可靠、精度高、抗干扰能力强、可移植性强等要求,为后续应用到视觉测量中奠定了基础。