热蒸发石墨烯基SnOx-Sn传感器气敏性研究

通过化学气相沉积法制备石墨烯并采用热蒸发法在石墨烯上沉积锡(Sn)及其氧化物,得到石墨烯基SnOx-Sn气敏传感器,研究其在室温下对低体积分数甲醛和二氧化氮(NO2)气体的气敏性及SnOx-Sn膜厚和基底加热温度对传感器气敏性的影响.通过场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)等表征手段研究了石墨烯基SnOx-Sn气敏传感器的形态结构.     

气体传感器的建模及特性分析

建立了适合多种气体传感器流量静态数学模型和实验分析的测试系统,并对二氧化氮气体传感器(7NDH)的输入-输出、温度、交叉敏感特性进行了实验测试,用Matlab对实验数据进行了分析与研究.研究结果表明:所建立的气体传感器流量静态数学模型正确,气体传感器分析测试系统具有通用性.     

基于传感器阵列与神经网络的气体检测系统

在分析研究电子鼻理论和系统组成的基础上,设计构建了一套传感器阵列与人工神经网络相结合的混合气体检测系统.并采用该系统对三种气体传感器(一氧化碳CO、二氧化硫SO2和二氧化氮NO2)进行了实验,对实验数据用神经网络(BP和 RBF)进行了分析、识别和气体体积分数的计算.结果显示该检测系统识别准确,不仅能够解决气体传感器交叉敏感问题,提高器件的选择性,而且具有智能化和多功能化等优点.     

石墨烯基SnO_x-Sn气体传感器灵敏度影响因素研究

为提高本征石墨烯的气敏特性,将锡和氧化锡薄膜蒸镀在气相沉积法制备的石墨烯表面,制成石墨烯基SnO_x-Sn气体传感器,通过原子力显微镜(AFM)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)对其表面结构进行表征。并测试了其在室温下对低体积分数甲醛和二氧化氮(NO_2)气体的响应特性。研究并分析了膜蒸发速率、基底加热时间、氧气流量对传感器响应灵敏度的影响。     

长周期光纤光栅化学传感器研究进展

阐述了长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)化学传感器的结构与传感机理,介绍了LPFG化学传感器在化学溶液浓度测量方面的应用;讨论了光纤光栅化学传感器的最新研究热点——LPFC薄膜传感器;展望了LPFG化学传感器今后的发展方向。     

PPy-CeO2复合薄膜柔性NO2传感器的制备与气敏特性研究

以吡咯(Py)单体为前驱液,六水合三氯化铁(FeCl3·6H2O)为氧化剂,通过化学氧化聚合法与自组装相结合工艺在柔性聚酰亚胺(PI)衬底上制备聚吡咯-二氧化铈(PPy-CeO2)复合薄膜.通过紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线电子能谱分析(XPS)对纯PPy和PPy-CeO2复合材料进行了表征分析,结果表明PPy-CeO2呈典型的核-壳结构.在室温条件下研究了纯PPy薄膜和PPy-CeO2复合薄膜对二氧化氮(NO2)的响应特性,结果表明,PPy-CeO2复合薄膜传感器显示出更优的响应特性,灵敏度为纯PPy薄膜传感器的12.6倍,且具有良好的重复性和选择性.最后讨论分析了PPy-CeO2复合薄膜传感器的NO2敏感机理.     

化学传感器阵列的计算机数据分析方法和发展趋势

化学传感器阵列是由一系列具有非特异性、低选择性、交叉敏感性和稳定性的化学传感器组成的分析仪器.作为利用化学传感器阵列进行准确可靠的定性和定量分析所不可或缺的条件,合适的模式识别和多元校正等数据处理方法已经成为化学传感器阵列的有机组成部分.该文着重介绍了常用的化学传感器阵列数据的计算机处理方法,并且展望了该领域的发展趋势.     

金属氧化物气体传感器阵列的制备

利用薄膜技术制作的半导体金属氧化物气体传感器阵列是由一个基底上的四个传感器单元组成的。基本结构是在4英寸的硅片上制作完成的。首先,沉积金属铂电极,加热棒和温度传感器。其次,沉积半导体金属氧化物SnO2。然后进行传感器阵列电极的焊接,封装。最后进行测量,测量结果显示了传感器阵列对不同气体甲烷(CH4),一氧化碳(CO),氢气(H2),二氧化氮(NO2)和氨气(NH3)的响应。     

光纤化学传感器中光纤涂层的散射损耗

一、引言继光导纤维通讯之后,光纤在传感技术领域的应用近年来也获得很大发展。目前大约有近百种不同形式的光纤传感器用于不同用途的测量。除用于测量物理量如温度、压力、辐射强度、流速、电压等的光纤传感器外,用于测量化学量的光纤化学传感器八十年代后有较快的发展。光纤化学传感器可分为吸收光光纤化学传感器、反射光光纤化学传感器、荧光光纤化学传感器和化学发光光纤传感器等四类。而不管那一类传感器,光在光纤中的传输     

压电传感器在环境监测中的应用

简要介绍了压电石英晶体微天平（ＱＣＭ）及表现声波（ＳＡＷ）压电传感器的基本原理，从ＱＣＭ化学传感器毒气检测、ＱＣＭ化学传感器液相检测、ＳＡＷ化学传感器分析、压电生物传感器物质分析、压电生物传感器液相分析、压电传感器陈列、非质量效应压电传感器等方面介绍了近年来压电传感器在环境监测领域的研究进展，并展望了压电传感顺在环境监测中的应用前景。     

Predictive models for emission of hydrogen powered car using various artificial intelligent tools

This paper investigates the use of artificial intelligent models as virtual sensors to predict relevant emissions such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen for a hydrogen powered car. The virtual sensors are developed by means of application of various Artificial Intelligent (AI) models namely; AI software built at the University of Tasmania, back-propagation neural networks with Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems. These predictions are based on the study of qualitative and quantitative effects of engine process parameters such as mass airflow, engine speed, air-to-fuel ratio, exhaust gas temperature and engine power on the harmful exhaust gas emissions. All AI models show good predictive capability in estimating the emissions. However, excellent accuracy is achieved when using back-propagation neural networks with Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm in estimating emissions for various hydrogen engine operating conditions with the predicted values less than 6% of percentage average root mean square error.     

Sensitivity and selectivity improvement of rf sputtered WO3 microhotplate gas sensors

Active layers consisting of rf sputtered WO₃ were deposited on microhotplate substrates. The films were doped with seven different materials (Pt, Au, Ag, Ti, SnO₂, ZnO and ITO (indium tin oxide)). The eight types of sensors (including pure tungsten oxide ones) were tested in the presence of ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane. It was found that gold improved the sensitivity to H₂S. On the other hand, doping with Ag and Pt led to higher responses to NO₂ and NH₃, respectively. No response to CH₄ was observed. The sensitivity to CO was very low. The influence of the working temperature on the sensor response was also studied. Our study proves that selective gas detection is possible combining a few tungsten oxide sensors with different dopants.     

A multi-sensor comparison of sulphur dioxide emissions from the 2005 eruption of Sierra Negra volcano, Galápagos Islands

Sulphur dioxide retrievals of three satellite-based sensors (the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer, the Ozone Monitoring Instrument and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) were performed on the volcanic cloud from the Sierra Negra, Galápagos Islands eruption of October 22 to October 30, 2005. Near-coincidental plume acquisitions on 23 October from each of the sensors were compared spatially on a pixel-by-pixel basis in order to assess the level of agreement between the retrievals. The variation in pixel size and shape between sensors was accounted for by resampling MODIS data to the geometry of the UV sensors.It was found that correlations between retrievals were wide ranging with estimates of total tonnage ranging from 60 kt up to 1800 kt. Spatial comparisons show variation according to plume altitude and overpass time and are compounded by interference from other volcanic species as well as individual instrument error.The comparison of these sensors provides an insight into the relative merits of each method and illustrates the usefulness of a holistic approach to satellite remote sensing of sulphur dioxide. This will permit the development of more robust retrieval schemes and therefore increasingly reliable estimations of volcanic SO₂ emissions.     

TiO2气敏传感器研究进展

TiO2气敏传感器具有工作温度低、灵敏度高、响应速度快、制备简单等独特优点,已经成为人们关注的热点.本文概述了TiO2材料的导电类型和气敏机理,介绍了TiO2气敏传感器两个方面的研究进展:运用传统掺杂方法和利用纳米技术改善传感器性能;展望了TiO2气敏传感器今后的研究和发展方向.     

Gas sensing properties at room temperature of a quartz crystal microbalance coated with ZnO nanorods

Gas sensors based on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) coated with ZnO nanorods were developed for detection of NH₃ at room temperature. Vertically well-aligned ZnO nanorods were synthesized by a novel wet chemical route at a low temperature of 90 °C, which was used to grow the ZnO nanorods directly on the QCM for the gas sensor application. The morphology of the ZnO nanorods was examined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The diameter and length of the nanorods were 100 nm and 3 μm, respectively. The QCM coated with the ZnO nanorods gas sensor showed excellent performance to NH₃ gas. The frequency shift (Δf) to 50 ppm NH₃ at room temperature was about 9.1 Hz. It was found that the response and recovery times were varied with the ammonia concentration. The fabricated gas sensors showed good reproducibility and high stability. Moreover, the sensor showed a high selectivity to ammoniac gas over liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), nitrous oxide (N₂O), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and carbon dioxide (CO₂).     

基于ZigBee技术的葡萄园无线监测节点的研究与设计

针对解决葡萄园环境参数的无线监测问题,论文提出了一套无线实时监测葡萄园生态环境的方案,设计了一种能够实时采集、传输葡萄园环境参数采集系统.该系统基于无线传感器网络技术,采用CC2530芯片为基础设计,传感器节点上接有空气温湿度传感器、土壤温湿度传感器以及二氧化碳浓度传感器,通过这些传感器采集葡萄园环境参数.传感器节点将采集的环境参数经无线方式传给采集节点,采集节点通过串口将数据传输到PC机的数据库中,实现了葡萄园环境参数的无线实时监测.测试证明,该系统具有功耗低、传输实时数据、可靠性高等优点,能够地满足葡萄园环境参数监测的应用要求.     

Effect of micro-electrode geometry on NO2 gas-sensing characteristics of one-dimensional tin dioxide nanostructure microsensors

Electrodes with micro-gaps are fabricated by using dc-sputtering and FIB techniques. SnO₂ nanowires are deposited on the micro-gap (1-30 μm) by suspension dropping method to fabricate a micro-gas sensor. The sensing ability of various SnO₂ micro-gap sensors is measured. A comparison between sensors reveals that the short-gap electrode has numerous advantages in terms of reliability, high sensitivity and detection of low concentrations of NO₂, while the large-gap electrode is relatively sensitive for high concentrations. Conductance measurements are carried out at different surface temperatures and NO₂ concentrations in order to investigate the effects that the gap size has on the overall sensor conductance. The results suggest that the interface between the electrode and sensitive layer has a very important role for the sensing mechanism of tin dioxide gas sensors.     

Design and fabrication of micro-nano fusion gas sensor based on two-beam micro-hotplatform

Micro-nano fusion gas sensors integrating two-beam micro-hotplatform with nanostructured porous film were fabricated in this study. The micro-hotplatform (MHP) was manufactured using standard micro-electro-mechanical systems technology in wafer runs. Based on a colloidal crystal template method, highly ordered porous tin dioxide films were in situ grown on the MHP. The as-fabricated sensors achieved the highest response at 250 °C with power consumption only 24 mW. Due to the low thermal capacity and ordered porous thin films of the sensor, the response time was about 2 s. The sensors are sensitive to ethanol in a large range from 0.1 to 250 ppm. The developed sensor here with high performance is an excellent candidate which can be incorporated into portable devices for alcohol detection such as breath analyzers.

     

便携式二氧化碳检测仪的设计

为了探测地震废墟狭小空间内幸存者的呼出气体,设计了便携式二氧化碳检测仪.检测仪采用红外二氧化碳传感器进行检测,通过单片机直接获取数字信号,并具有温度补偿功能.检测结果通过真空荧光显示屏显示,超过预设值触发声光报警.废墟实验表明:该检测仪适用于狭小空间内幸存者的搜索工作.     

煤表面对多种气体分子混合吸附的微观机理

应用量子化学密度泛函理论,在6-311 g水平上对建立的吸附模型进行全优化.结果表明,煤的表面能够与多组分气体发生混合吸附.煤表面吸附氧、氮和二氧化碳分子组成的吸附态中,氧分子和氮分子在煤表面的侧链吸附,CO2则在苯环的上方.煤表面氨基上的C原子和N原子的电子向氧分子中的氧原子转移.煤表面吸附了二氧化碳和氮分子,氧分子所得的电子减少,表明如果煤表面吸附其它种类分子,则削弱了吸附氧的作用.吸附后O2的频率变化较大,N2和CO2的频率变化很小.煤表面与矿井采空区各种气体发生吸附时的亲和顺序为:氧气>水>二氧化碳>氮气>一氧化碳>甲烷.