仿高阶矩的结点不变量及其组成的图不变量

借鉴高阶矩的方法,采用层序的计算框架,依据结点的连接距离和层序信息定义了20种结点不变量。这些结点不变量体现图整体的上下偏分布特性、整体不均匀性和整体平滑性,结点不变量中的每层结点度数平方之和反映了层内结点度数的分布情况。通过比较这些结点不变量的可区分结点数,发现每层结点度数平方之和明显改善了结点不变量的细分能力。把排序后的结点不变量组成一个矢量后作为图的不变量。计算结果表明,共有9种图不变量可以区分所有结点数N<25的非同构树和N<34的非同构同胚不可约树(没有度数为2的树),对于更多结点的树,还没有发现非同构树有相同图不变量的例子;把这些图不变量应用到非同构图(N<10),区分结果好于 文献[8]中列出的22种图不变量的19种,而且文中9种图不变量的简并度不大,提高了随机图的同构测试性能。     

信任网络中的依赖关系分析与消除

针对现有的信任聚合方法普遍存在因推荐信息损耗或重复计算等导致信任度量结果与直接推荐之间偏差增大的问题,首先引入信任子图及左部与右部结点等相关概念,并证明了信任子图中依赖关系与结点入度及出度之间的关联性,在此基础上,提出了一种有效的依赖关系消除算法,最后,给出了一个数值计算实例来说明该方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于社群发掘构建在线社交网络的高层架构

针对在线社交网络的巨大规模和复杂结构造成的网络分析困难问题,提出建立简明的在线社交网络的高层架构。定义在线社交网络高层架构由社群、链接中心及其它们之间的关联关系组成,提出一种基于社群发掘的在线社交网络高层架构构建方法。通过建立定量属性图来表达在线社交网络,综合利用节点和边的属性进行社群发掘。基于社群发掘结果辨识连接中心,生成社群和连接中心之间的关联关系,从而构建起在线社交网络的高层架构,实现对复杂在线社交网络的高层次的简明表达。将该方法用于建立一个商业电子公告板(BBS)在线社交网络的高层架构,在关联强度和社群尺度分别为0.5和3时可获得良好的社群发掘结果,建立的高层架构与实际情况比较一致。     

基于转化策略的异质超网络表示学习

与传统网络相比,超网络结构更加复杂,并对现有网络表示学习方法提出了很大的挑战。为了克服网络表示学习面临的超网络结构的挑战,提出一种基于转化策略的异质超网络表示学习方法MT2vec。首先,结合团扩展和星型扩展将抽象为超图的异质超网络转换为抽象的2-截图+关联图的异质网络;然后提出一种感知节点语义相关性的元路径游走方法来捕获节点之间的成对关系和元组关系;最后,设计一种结合多层感知器的skip-gram优化模型同时训练节点成对相似性和元组相似性来获得节点表示向量。通过在三个不同类型的超网络数据集上进行实验。结果表明MT2vec算法在链接预测和超网络重建任务中,效果优于其他基线方法。     

Computational completeness of complete,star-like,and linear hybrid networks of evolutionary processors with a small number of processors

A hybrid network of evolutionary processors (HNEP) is a graph where each node is associated with a special rewriting system called an evolutionary processor, an input filter, and an output filter. Each evolutionary processor is given a finite set of one type of point mutations (insertion, deletion or a substitution of a symbol) which can be applied to certain positions in a string. An HNEP rewrites the strings in the nodes and then re-distributes them according to a filter-based communication protocol; the filters are defined by certain variants of random-context conditions. HNEPs can be considered both as languages generating devices (GHNEPs) and language accepting devices (AHNEPs); most previous approaches treated the accepting and generating cases separately. For both cases, in this paper we show that five nodes are sufficient to accept (AHNEPs) or generate (GHNEPs) any recursively enumerable language by showing the more general result that any partial recursive relation can be computed by an HNEP with (at most) five nodes with the underlying graph structure for the communication between the evolutionary processors being the complete or the linear graph with five nodes, whereas with a star-like communication graph we need six nodes. If the final results are defined by only taking the terminal strings out of the designated output node, then for these extended HNEPs we can prove that only four nodes are needed in all cases—for computing any partial recursive relation as well as for generating and accepting any recursively enumerable language—and the underlying communication structure can be a complete or a linear graph, but now even a star-like graph, too.     

基于图编码网络的社交网络节点分类方法

针对如何融合节点自身属性以及网络结构信息实现社交网络节点分类的问题,提出了一种基于图编码网络的社交网络节点分类算法。首先,每个节点向邻域节点传播其携带的信息;其次,每个节点通过神经网络挖掘其与邻域节点之间可能隐含的关系,并且将这些关系进行融合;最后,每个节点根据自身信息以及与邻域节点关系的信息提取更高层次的特征,作为节点的表示,并且根据该表示对节点进行分类。在微博数据集上,与经典的深度随机游走模型、逻辑回归算法有以及最近提出的图卷积网络算法相比,所提算法分类准确率均有大于8%的提升;在DBLP数据集上,与多层感知器相比分类准确率提升4.83%,与图卷积网络相比分类准确率提升0.91%。     

面向大规模工控网络的关键路径分析方法

针对大规模工控网络攻击图的量化计算耗时高、消耗资源大的问题,提出了一种大规模工控网络的关键路径分析方法。首先利用割集思想结合工控网络中的原子攻击收益,计算贝叶斯攻击图关键节点集合,解决目前割集算法只考虑图结构中节点关键性的问题。其次,提出一种只更新关键节点攻击概率的贝叶斯攻击图动态更新策略,高效计算全图攻击概率,分析攻击图关键路径。实验结果表明,所提方法在大规模工控攻击图的计算中,不仅可以保证计算结果的可靠性,而且能够大幅度降低方法耗时,显著提升计算效率。     

A connectionist inference model for pattern-directed knowledge representation

In this paper we propose a connectionist model for variable binding. The model is topology dependent on the graph it builds based on the predicates available. The irregular connections between perceptron-like assemblies facilitate forward and backward chaining. The model treats the symbolic data as a sequence and represents the training set as a partially connected network using basic set and graph theory to form the internal representation. Inference is achieved by opportunistic reasoning via the bidirectional connections. Consequently, such activity stabilizes to a multigraph. This multigraph is composed of isomorphic subgraphs which all represent solutions to the query made. Such a model has a number of advantages over other methods in that irrelevant connections are avoided by superimposing positionally dependent sub-structures that are identical, variable binding can be encoded and multiple solutions can be extracted simultaneously. The model also has the ability to adapt its existing architecture when presented with new clauses and therefore add new relationships/rules to the model explicitly; this is done by some partial retraining of the network due to the superimposition properties.     

融合链接预测相似度矩阵的属性网络嵌入算法

在属性网络中,与节点相关联的属性信息有助于提升网络嵌入各种任务的性能,但网络是一种图状结构,节点不仅包含属性信息还隐含着丰富的结构信息。为了充分融合结构信息,首先通过定义节点的影响力特性、空间关系特征;然后根据链接预测领域基于相似度的定义构建相似度矩阵,将节点二元组中的关联向量映射到相似度矩阵这一关系空间中,从而保留与节点相关的结构向量信息;再基于图的拉普拉斯矩阵融合属性信息和标签特征,将上述三类信息集成到一个最优化框架中;最后,通过二阶导数求局部最大值计算投影矩阵获取节点的特征表示进行网络嵌入。实验结果表明,提出的算法能够充分利用节点二元组的邻接结构信息,相比于其他基准网络嵌入算法,本模型在节点分类任务上取得了更好的结果。     

字典乘积网络的支撑树计数

支撑树个数是边失效下网络可靠性分析与设计的一个重要性能参考指标,本文利用字典乘积的方法来构建网络,通过这种方法我们很容易由若干特定规模较小网络来构建规模较大的网络,并得到它的一个紧的支撑树计数解析公式,这样的计数公式仅仅依赖于小网络的性能参数,如:结点的度数、小网络的阶数、小网络的支撑树数目.     

基于语义对象网络模型的产品知识表达方法

为表达产品知识及其语义内涵和约束关系,提出采用语义对象网络模型（Semantic Object Semantic Networks,SOSNs）表达产品知识。SOSNs是基于图并结合面向对象方法表达的知识模型,其中节点表示产品语义对象,有向边显性定义语义对象之间的语义关系,这种基于图的语义模型能够清晰的表示产品功能、行为、原理、结构、配置管理、约束等知识及其语义关系,将与产品开发相关的知识集成为一个逻辑整体,形成分层的结构化语义对象网络结构,便于组织和管理产品知识,易于实现知识的共享和重用。     

基于邻居度序列相似度的k-度匿名隐私保护方案

针对传统的[k]-度匿名方案添加随机噪声次数过多,构图成功率低,且无法抵御更复杂的图查询背景知识攻击的问题,提出了改进的[k]-度匿名隐私保护方案。该方案提出一种优先级构图算法,通过设置参数来调整邻居节点与度需求高的节点之间的权重,引入欧式距离并对[k]-度匿名后的同度节点构造出相似度较高的邻居度序列。实验结果表明,该方案的度信息损失较少,能够调节边信息损失与构图成功率之间的冲突,抵御以节点的度结合邻居度序列作为背景知识的攻击。     

A High-Performance and Cost-Efficient Interconnection Network for High-Density Servers

The high-density server is featured as low power, low volume, and high computational density. With the rising use of high-density servers in data-intensive and large-scale web applications, it requires a high-performance and cost-efficient intra-server interconnection network. Most of state-of-the-art high-density servers adopt the fully-connected intra-server network to attain high network performance. Unfortunately, this solution costs too much due to the high degree of nodes. In this paper, we exploit the theoretically optimized Moore graph to interconnect the chips within a server. Accounting for the suitable size of applications, a 50-size Moore graph, called Hoffman-Singleton graph, is adopted. In practice, multiple chips should be integrated onto one processor board, which means that the original graph should be partitioned into homogeneous connected subgraphs. However, the existing partition scheme does not consider above problem and thus generates heterogeneous subgraphs. To address this problem, we propose two equivalent-partition schemes for the Hoffman-Singleton graph. In addition, a logic-based and minimal routing mechanism, which is both time and area efficient, is proposed. Finally, we compare the proposed network architecture with its counterparts, namely the fully-connected, Kautz and Torus networks. The results show that our proposed network can achieve competitive performance as fully-connected network and cost close to Torus.     

提取全局语义信息的场景图生成算法

目的 场景图能够简洁且结构化地描述图像。现有场景图生成方法重点关注图像的视觉特征,忽视了数据集中丰富的语义信息。同时,受到数据集长尾分布的影响,大多数方法不能很好地对出现概率较小的三元组进行推理,而是趋于得到高频三元组。另外,现有大多数方法都采用相同的网络结构来推理目标和关系类别,不具有针对性。为了解决上述问题,本文提出一种提取全局语义信息的场景图生成算法。方法 网络由语义编码、特征编码、目标推断以及关系推理等4个模块组成。语义编码模块从图像区域描述中提取语义信息并计算全局统计知识,融合得到鲁棒的全局语义信息来辅助不常见三元组的推理。目标编码模块提取图像的视觉特征。目标推断和关系推理模块采用不同的特征融合方法,分别利用门控图神经网络和门控循环单元进行特征学习。在此基础上,在全局统计知识的辅助下进行目标类别和关系类别推理。最后利用解析器构造场景图,进而结构化地描述图像。结果 在公开的视觉基因组数据集上与其他10种方法进行比较,分别实现关系分类、场景图元素分类和场景图生成这3个任务,在限制和不限制每对目标只有一种关系的条件下,平均召回率分别达到了44.2%和55.3%。在可视化实验中,相比性能第2的方法,本文方法增强了不常见关系类别的推理能力,同时改善了目标类别与常见关系的推理能力。结论 本文算法能够提高不常见三元组的推理能力,同时对于常见的三元组也具有较好的推理能力,能够有效地生成场景图。     

图网络层级信息挖掘分类算法综述

深度学习作为人工智能的一个研究分支发展迅速,而研究数据主要是语音、图像和视频等,这些具有规则结构的数据通常在欧氏空间中表示。然而许多学习任务需要处理的数据是从非欧氏空间中生成,这些数据特征和其关系结构可以用图来定义。图卷积神经网络通过将卷积定理应用于图,完成节点之间的信息传播与聚合,成为建模图数据一种有效的方法。尽管图卷积神经网络取得了巨大成功,但针对图任务中的节点分类问题,由于深层图结构优化的特有难点——过平滑现象,现有的多数模型都只有两三层的浅层模型架构。在理论上,图卷积神经网络的深层结构可以获得更多节点表征信息,因此针对其层级信息进行研究,将层级结构算法迁移到图数据分析的核心在于图层级卷积算子构建和图层级间信息融合。本文对图网络层级信息挖掘算法进行综述,介绍图神经网络的发展背景、存在问题以及图卷积神经网络层级结构算法的发展,根据不同图卷积层级信息处理将现有算法分为正则化方法和架构调整方法。正则化方法通过重新构建图卷积算子更好地聚合邻域信息,而架构调整方法则融合层级信息丰富节点表征。图卷积神经网络层级特性实验表明,图结构中存在层级特性节点,现有图层级信息挖掘算法仍未对层级特性节点的图信息进行完全探索。最后,总结了图卷积神经网络层级信息挖掘模型的主要应用领域,并从计算效率、大规模数据、动态图和应用场景等方面提出进一步研究的方向。     

The Graph Neural Network Model

Many underlying relationships among data in several areas of science and engineering, e.g., computer vision, molecular chemistry, molecular biology, pattern recognition, and data mining, can be represented in terms of graphs. In this paper, we propose a new neural network model, called graph neural network (GNN) model, that extends existing neural network methods for processing the data represented in graph domains. This GNN model, which can directly process most of the practically useful types of graphs, e.g., acyclic, cyclic, directed, and undirected, implements a function tau(G,n) isin IR^m that maps a graph G and one of its nodes n into an m-dimensional Euclidean space. A supervised learning algorithm is derived to estimate the parameters of the proposed GNN model. The computational cost of the proposed algorithm is also considered. Some experimental results are shown to validate the proposed learning algorithm, and to demonstrate its generalization capabilities.