两种Ad hoc网络组播路由协议的性能比较和分析

目前研究人员已提出多种Adhoc网络组播路由协议,根据MANET制定的路由协议性能评价标准,还没有一种组播路由协议能满足所有的性能要求,因此对协议在各种应用环境下的性能进行测试和比较,有助于人们选择和设计组播路由协议。该文首先介绍了两种组播路由协议—ODMRP和DBRMP的基本思想,接着提出这两种协议的控制开销计算方法,并对它们的性能进行了定性比较,最后使用了NS-2仿真平台对两种组播路由协议在各种应用环境下的性能进行了仿真,并根据仿真结果详细比较和分析了两种协议在各种应用环境下的性能特点。     

基于QualNet仿真平台的Ad Hoc网络组播路由协议研究

近年来，对Ad Hoc网络组播路由协议的研究越来越被人们关注，但是目前所设计的组播路由协议在性能上都有一些不足，针对不同的网络应用环境选择和设计适合的组播协议十分重要．本文利用QualNet仿真平台对MAODV和ODMRP两种组播路由协议进行仿真，分析与比较了它们在各种网络环境中的性能．     

无线Mesh网络组播路由协议

组播服务是无线Mesh网络面向实际应用的一种重要服务,网络层组播路由协议则是服务实现的核心支撑协议.无线Mesh网络独有的结构特征、性能要求以及多射频、多信道和多速率的引入使得许多传统组播路由协议无法直接进行应用,近几年来,已有不少针对特定无线Mesh网络的组播路由协议相继提出.归纳总结了协议的设计目标、原则和分类方法;阐述了各类典型协议的主要机制,并就这些协议的技术特点和性能差异进行了详细比较;最后结合无线Mesh网络的发展趋势和协议面向实际混合业务环境的实用化目标分析了多射频、多信道以及多速率对组播路由的影响,指出了基于实测环境和实际业务需求建立组播路由跨层优化模型与具体优化机制的重要性.     

一个路由协议测试平台的设计与实现

提出了一种应用于路由协议测试的平台设计方案。它通过IP(Internet Protocol)组播技术实现，具有高效、系统扩展性强的优点，可支持IPv4／IPv6路由协议的测试。     

一个新的可伸缩QoS组播路由协议

提出了一个有效的QoS组播路由机制，基本思想是使路由器只存储其两层邻居节点的可达性信息以及链路的QoS状态信息，以减少路由器存储开销，提高协议的规模伸缩性(Scalability)．协议采用受限的泛播技术，构造了一个接受节点发起的、采用多路径技术的，分布式路由算法．文章描述了协议的数据结构、组播树的构造算法，分析了协议的性能并给出了模拟实验结果，表明基于受限泛播技术的组播路由协议具有节点存储开销小、呼叫接收成功率高、易于实现等特点。     

基于流量预测的移动Ad hoc网联合组播路由协议

组播是移动Ad hoc网络一项重要应用技术，而路由协议的研究一直是组播技术研究的重点。相关研究已经表明在MANET中传统的分层方法对提高网络性能并不有效。该文在流量预测的基础上，联合PHY层、MAC层、LL层、网络层的相关基本信息提出了一种联合路由标准，并给出了基于ODMRP和跨层设计方法的一种联合组播路由协议方案。该方案既保证网络层次的独立性，又能方便各网络分层间的信息交换，避免了跨层设计所带来的复杂性。模拟结果显示联合路由协议的综合性能比ODMRP要好。     

无线传感器网络中组播路由协议分析

无线传感器网络由小型无线通信传感设备密集部署形成。组播是一种将数据包从源节点有效传递到一组目的节点的基本路由服务技术。组播协议中,源节点到目的节点的一些路径可由多个目的节点共享,所共享的路径越大,总带宽消耗越低。在分析无线传感器网络基本特征的基础上,对无线传感器网络中现有的组播路由协议进行了分类分析和比较,最后对无线传感器网络组播路由协议的未来发展趋势提出展望。     

三种Ad Hoc网络组播协议的性能分析与比较

近年来，Ad hoc网络的组播路由协议研究受到广泛关注，但已经提出的各种组播协议中还没有一种在MANET定义的各种性能指标方面都处于领先，因此对不同协议的分析和比较能帮助人们在不同的应用环境下选择和设计更适合的组播协议。本文首先分别介绍了3种典型的组播路由协议：ODMRP、ADMR、DRMR，然后对其控制开销进行了计算分析，最后利用NS2仿真软件对3种协议进行仿真，分析与比较了它们在各种网络环境下的性能。     

无线移动环境下的组播路由协议

介绍了在两种典型的无线移动环境下的组播路由协议——移动IP网络和AdHoc网络，比较了它们的特性和性能。在无线移动环境下实现组播路由协议是一件很复杂的工作，比起固定网络下的组播实现，它的路由模式、转发算法、可靠性、安全性等的实现都更为困难。最后对该领域的前景进行了展望。     

支持QoS的覆盖组播分布式动态路由研究

研究了带度和延时约束的覆盖组播动态路由问题，提出了动态适应性覆盖组播路由协议OMP，给出了一个基于分布式触发重组的组播路由算法——动态覆盖组播路由算法(DDCOMR)，最后对该算法的复杂度进行了推证，对协议和算法的有效性进行了网络模拟。     

AdHoc网络多播路由协议研究进展分析

基于AdHoc网络的特殊性,固定网络中已有的多播路由协议已经难以有较好的适应度,怎样在移动无线自组织网络中实现效率较高的多播路由已成为一个极具挑战性的问题。分析了移动无线自组织网络中多播路由协议所具有的问题以及相应的设计要求;详细阐述了现有的移动无线自组织网络多播路由协议,并对该网络中不同多播路由的方法进行了分析和比较;对移动无线自组织网络中的多播路由协议的使用进行了总结。     

主动层次多目通信路由模型

许多应用需要IP多目通信.在Internet大规模应用IP Multicast时,有效的路由是关键.这样的多目路由协议必须是有效的、可伸缩的和增量可配置的.但是传统的Internet路由对性能是不敏感的,不能平衡负载和处理拥塞.现有的大多数多目通信路由协议不仅负责数据转发,还负责路由树的构造,这给路由器带来了极大的复杂性,而且协议的配置是手动的、费时费钱的工作.该文提出一个主动层次式Multicast路由的体系结构,采用主动网络技术将多目通信路由协议的数据转发和控制机制分开,根据链路的状态信息用主动报文控     

IE2M: Design of intellectual energy efficient multicast routing protocol for ad-hoc network

In this paper, an intellectual energy efficient multicast routing protocol is proposed. It achieves enhanced performance over On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP). The proposed protocol finds energy efficient multicast routes from source node to a group of receivers. Multicast mesh creation involves two phases: a Join Query (J-Q) phase and a Join Reply (J-R) phase. The J-Q phase initiates a route discovery process to find routes of the multicast group. In J-R phase, different routes of the multicast groups are set up. In the proposed protocol, we modify ODMRP and introduce fuzzy inference system to deal with imprecise and partial information during the route discovery phase. The decision maker uses two fuzzy variables such as energy and distance for evaluating reward as an output parameter of each multicast route. This output parameter helps to distinguish different multicast route and it also helps to reduce the effect of mutual interference between routes. The proposed protocol is simulated using the NS-2 simulator. The performance of the proposed protocol is compared with existing multicast routing protocols, and results outperform existing protocols in terms of several network metrics.     

基于NS-2的PIM稀疏和密集模式仿真

组播技术能以高效、可扩展的方式发送点到多点、多点到多点数据.组播路由协议通过建立组播路由来转发组播数据包.本文分析了两种主要的域内组播路由协议PIM-DM和PIM-SM的原理,并利用NS-2分多种情况对两者进行仿真实验,分析组播路由协议、网络拓扑、组播组大小、组播组数量对网络性能的影响.     

认知无线电网络中QoS组播路由调度

在多跳认知无线电网络中,组播的信息通常要经由多个中间节点的转发才能到达最终的目的节点。现有的研究中已经有很多的组播路由协议,然而这些协议都是基于传统无线网络的,并不适合新型的认知无线电网络。本文解决的的问题是:在多跳无线网络中,给定一个具有QoS要求的组播请求,如何建立组播路由以及对路径节点进行传输调度,使得在满足QoS要求下整个传输过程的带宽消耗最小。本文提出了一个分布式的组播路由协议来解决该问题,该协议不仅实现了路由过程的建立,同时还完成了对节点传输过程的合理调度。实验结果证明本文的传输调度策略能有效地减少网络的带宽消耗,同时增加组播请求响应的成功率。     

A new approach for delay-constrained routing

Delay-constrained routing protocols are used to find paths subject to a delay constraint while efficiently using network resources. Many of the delay-constrained routing protocols that have been proposed in the literature give priority to cost minimization during the path computing process. With this approach, paths with end-to-end delays too close to the delay constraint are obtained. We believe that such paths are prone to delay constraint violations during load variations in the network. The root of such violations can be found in the imprecision of delay information during the routing process. In this paper, we propose a new approach for delay-constrained routing which captures the tradeoff between cost minimization and the risk level regarding to the delay constraint. We propose a protocol called Parameterized Delay-Constrained Routing protocol that implements our approach using a simple and efficient parameterized selection function. We expand this work to multicasting by proposing three new delay-constrained multicast routing protocols based on the source (Naïve), destination (Greedy) and mixed multicast routing techniques. Our simulations show that our protocols produce paths and trees which are stable, less risky and suitable for various network conditions.     

Research on multicast routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is composed of mobile nodes without any infrastructure. Mobile nodes self-organize to form a network over radio links. The goal of MANETs is to extend mobility into the realm of autonomous, mobile and wireless domains, where a set of nodes form the network routing infrastructure in an ad-hoc fashion. The majority of applications of MANETs are in areas where rapid deployment and dynamic reconfiguration are necessary and wired network is not available. These include military battlefields, emergency search, rescue sites, classrooms and conventions, where participants share information dynamically using their mobile devices. These applications lend themselves well to multicast operations. In addition, within a wireless medium, it is crucial to reduce the transmission overhead and power consumption. Multicasting can improve the efficiency of the wireless link when sending multiple copies of messages by exploiting the inherent broadcast property of wireless transmission. Hence, reliable multicast routing plays a significant role in MANETs. However, to offer effective and reliable multicast routing is difficult and challenging. In recent years, various multicast routing protocols have been proposed for MANETs. These protocols have distinguishing features and employ different recovery mechanisms. To provide a comprehensive understanding of these multicast routing protocols and better organize existing ideas and work to facilitate multicast routing design for MANETs, we present the taxonomy of the multicast routing protocols, their properties and design features. This paper aims to aid those MANETs researchers and application developers in selecting appropriate multicast routing protocols for their work.     

覆盖多播路由的算法及协议研究综述

虽然IP多播的性能优势无可否认,但是它却面临着部署上的困难。近年来,覆盖多播作为提供多播服务的另一可行途径正不断为人们所认可。本文对覆盖多播路由的算法和协议进行了综述研究,提出了通用的覆盖多播网络模型,对覆盖多播中的路由优化问题进行了分类。在此基础上,介绍了当前重要的覆盖多播路由算法和协议,并对它们的性能参数、所解决的路由问题、系统结构和控制方式等技术特点进行了全面的分析和讨论。另外,本文还指出了覆盖多播路由中一些有待进一步研究的问题。     

基于分层结构的多播路由协议

针对大规模Ad Hoc网络中平面多播路由协议缺乏可扩展性的缺点,提出一种基于分层拓扑结构的多播路由协议。该协议借鉴基于网格按需多播路由协议适合高速运动的优点,采用EWCA簇算法对其拓扑结构进行分层管理。仿真实验验证了该协议适用于大规模 Ad Hoc网络。     

Minimization of Multicast Traffic and Ensuring Its Fault Tolerance in Software-Defined Networks

In recent years, the widespread TCP/IP computer network model has been replaced by the software-defined network model, where the control plane is separated from the data plane and is logically centralized. The new model requires a revision of traditional network control protocols. One group of such revised protocols consists of multicast routing protocols. In this paper, the multicast routing protocols used in traditional TCP/IP networks are analyzed, and their basic disadvantages and difficulties in their application in software-defined networks are revealed. Multicast routing algorithms that use the capabilities of software-defined networks and ensure the optimization and reliability of routes in multicast routing are described. These algorithms are exempt from the drawbacks of traditional networks. The proposed algorithms are implemented as an application for the RunOS controller. This experimental study shows that the delays due to the use of the proposed algorithms for restructuring routes satisfy the requirements of telecommunications operators of large regional networks.