基于鲁棒高斯混合模型的加速EM算法研究*

针对传统鲁棒高斯混合模型EM算法存在模型成分参数难以精确获取最优解以及收敛速度随样本数量的增加而快速降低等问题,提出了一种基于鲁棒高斯混合模型的加速EM算法。该算法采用隐含参量信息熵原理对高斯模型分量个数进行挑选以及使用Aitken加速方法减少算法的迭代次数,当接近最优解时,EM步长的变化极为缓慢,这时使用Broyden对称秩1校正公式进行校正,使算法快速收敛,从而能够在很少的迭代次数内精确获取高斯混合模型的模型成分数。文中算法通过与传统鲁棒EM算法和无监督的EM算法的聚类结果进行比较,实验证明该算法对初始值的设定并不敏感(成分数c无需预先设定),并且能够降低算法运算时间,提高聚类模型成分数(类簇)的正确率。     

基于有限混合多变量t分布的鲁棒聚类算法

在用混合模型聚类时，聚类数据中存在局外点是非常困难的问题。为了提高混合拟合的鲁棒性，本文用混合t模型替代混合高斯模型，来拟合含有背景噪音的多变量多高斯分布数据；提出了两个求解混合t模型的修改版期望最大化（EM）算法，并将它们与模型选择准则集成在一起，应用一个组合规则成分灭绝策略选择聚类成分数，得到两个对应的鲁棒聚类算法。对含有背景噪音的多个高斯成分进行不同聚类算法的大量实验表明，本文的鲁棒聚类算法能自动选择最佳的聚类成分数，相对于混合高斯模型的聚类方法，鲁棒性增强很多；相对于传统求解混合t模型（EM／ECM）的聚类方法，能有效避免其严重依赖初始值和易收敛至参数空间边界的缺点，具有较强的鲁棒性和较快的收敛速度。     

基于减法聚类与模糊c-均值的模糊聚类的研究

模糊c-均值算法在进行模糊聚类的时候对初始值非常的敏感,初始值设置得不好,就会陷入局部最优解。该文在使用模糊c-均值之前利用减法聚类对其设置初始值,不但能够获得最优解,还能加快收敛速度,并且自动获得最佳的聚类个数。     

融合粒子群和混合蛙跳的模糊C-均值算法

针对模糊聚类算法中存在的对初始值敏感、易陷入局部最优等问题,提出了一种融合粒子群算法和混合蛙跳算法的模糊C-均值聚算法。通过设计了一种新颖的搜索粒度系数,充分利用粒子群算法收敛速度快、局部搜索能力强的优点与混合蛙跳算法全局寻优能力强、跳出局部最优能力好的特点,同时对SFLA中更新算法进行了改进。实验结果表明,该算法提高了模糊聚类算法的搜索能力和聚类效果,在全局寻优能力、跳出局部最优能力、收敛速度等方面具有优势。     

一种基于改进混合蛙跳的KFCM算法

针对核模糊C-均值(KFCM)聚类算法存在易陷入局部极小值,对初始值敏感的缺点。将混合蛙跳算法(shuffled fro gleaping algorithm,SFLA)用于KFCM中,但在聚类数较大和维数较高时,聚类效果不理想,为此提出将自适应惯性权重引入混合蛙跳算法的更新策略中,再用改进后的混合蛙跳算法求得最优解作为KFCM算法的初始聚类中心,利用KFCM算法优化初始聚类中心,求得全局最优解,从而有效克服了KFCM算法的缺点。人造数据和经典数据集的实验结果表明,新算法与KFCM和FCM聚类算法相比,寻优能力更强,迭代次数更少,聚类效果更好。     

一种多进制频移键控信号调制分类的改进算法

对MFSK(Multiple frequency shift keying)号调制分类算法进行了改进和分析.考虑到实际通信中短波衰落的影响,对信号进行了恒包络预处理;选取抗噪能力强的Haar小波提取信号特征;针对无监督聚类算法中FCM算法对初始值敏感、易收敛至局部最优解的缺点,提出了减法聚类和FCM算法相结合的算法求得最佳聚类数;不仅能够保证获得全局最优解,还大大提高了FCM的收敛速率.实际数据测试和仿真验证了改进算法的有效性和可靠性.     

基于自适应初始值的FCM聚类图像分割

FCM聚类算法对初始值敏感,不良的初始值会导致算法的收敛速度过慢和收敛到局部极值。将FEM算法用于图像分割处理时,初始值的选择是一个难点。文中提出了一种使用自适应初始值的FCM聚类图像分割算法,该方法利用图像的直方图特性建立候选聚类中心集,通过初始化准则函数检验候选集得到合适的聚类中心和聚类数目,并根据最大隶属度原则分割图像,得到了较好的分割效果。理论分析和实验表明文中方法收敛速度快,分割准确,自适应性很强。     

改进的模糊C-均值聚类算法

为了克服模糊C-均值(FCM)聚类算法易陷入局部极小值和对初始值敏感的缺点,提出了一种基于改进量子蚁群的模糊聚类算法。将量子计算原理和蚁群算法相结合来改进FCM算法。初期采用量子遗传算法生成信息素分布,后期利用蚁群算法的全局搜索性、并行计算性等特点避免聚类陷入局部最优解。实验证明该算法保证了种群的多样性,有较好的全局收敛性,克服了模糊C-均值聚类算法的不足,能有效解决未成熟收敛的问题,使聚类问题最终快速、有效地收敛到全局最优解。     

煤矿井下超宽带定位混合解算方法

超宽带定位是根据基站测定的标记点距离,基于一组非线性定位方程组,通过泰勒(Taylor)级数展开算法、Chan算法或最小二乘法解算获得精确的设备位置。其中,Taylor级数展开算法的求解精度高,但是对初始值具有很强的依赖性,如果初始值选择不恰当,会导致算法不收敛。针对上述问题,提出了一种结合头脑风暴优化(BSO)和Taylor级数展开的混合解算(BSO-Taylor)方法。采用BSO算法求解移动站到基站的误差函数最小化的最优解,将最优个体的到达时间差(TDOA)值作为Taylor级数展开算法的初始值,进行Taylor展开解算得到定位信息,解决了Taylor级数展开算法需要较好初始值的问题。对Chan算法、Taylor级数展开算法和BSO-Taylor混合解算方法的结果进行了对比实验,结果表明,BSO-Taylor混合解算方法通过全局搜索策略,获得了接近于真实位置的迭代初始值,既可以获得接近真值的定位性能,又解决了Taylor级数展开算法对不良初始值的敏感性;相较于Chan算法,BSO-Taylor混合解算方法的解算结果更加稳定,且准确性更好;相较于初始位置为真实位置的Taylor级数展开算法,BSO-Taylor混合解算方法的解算误差稍大;定位距离的变化和TDOA测量值标准差的变化对Taylor级数展开算法和BSOTaylor混合解算方法的影响基本一致,而对Chan算法的影响较大。     

基于自适应初始值的FCM聚类图像分割

FCM聚类算法对初始值敏感,不良的初始值会导致算法的收敛速度过慢和收敛到局部极值。将FEM算法用于图像分割处理时,初始值的选择是一个难点。文中提出了一种使用自适应初始值的FCM聚类图像分割算法,该方法利用图像的直方图特性建立候选聚类中心集,通过初始化准则函数检验候选集得到合适的聚类中心和聚类数目,并根据最大隶属度原则分割图像,得到了较好的分割效果。理论分析和实验表明文中方法收敛速度快,分割准确,自适应性很强。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate