实时虚拟化环境中的负载均衡与准入控制算法

虚拟化技术在实时嵌入式系统中的应用日趋广泛,但是目前虚拟化环境中常见的调度与负载均衡算法并不适用于硬实时系统中。为满足多核平台上虚拟化环境中对实时任务的支持,通过对Xen虚拟化环境中的SEDF调度算法进行改进,提供了一种在多核硬件平台下虚拟化环境中的准入控制与负载均衡算法。该算法能够保证每个处理器核上的工作量不会超载,并保证每个虚拟机中任务的实时性及其服务质量。算法实现较为简单、运行时开销较小。     

Xen虚拟机Credit调度算法的实时性能分析

为了降低开销以及增加灵活性,通过虚拟化技术将多个系统运行在一个通用计算平台上已成为复杂实时嵌入式系统的趋势。Xen是近年来应用最广泛的虚拟化技术,对其默认使用的Credit调度算法进行实时性能分析,使得能够直接对运行在Xen上的实时系统进行可调度性测试,并且可以通过形式化的资源界限函数对Credit的实时性进行直观的评估。首先分析了Credit调度算法的基本实现,提出并且证明了一种配置VCPU参数的方法使得Credit的实时性得到提升,在此基础上,通过证明得到了Credit算法的基本性质,并得出其在最坏情况下为VCPU分配的资源函数曲线。     

基于T2080处理器平台的虚拟机管理器设计

随着嵌入式计算机技术的发展，计算资源越来越丰富并提供硬件辅助虚拟化支持能力。为了提升计算效能，通过虚拟化技术实现在一个嵌入式计算机中集成多种异构系统应用，从而降低系统成本，但会带来安全隔离、不同应用的竞争冲突、数据安全、实时性保障等问题。虚拟机管理器借助硬件辅助虚拟化技术，在软件层构建多个资源深度隔离的虚拟机，由操作系统管理虚拟机内的硬件资源、软件资源及应用。本文在T2080处理器平台上设计了虚拟机管理器，实现了处理器核虚拟化、内存虚拟化、设备虚拟化，提供虚拟机管理和安全隔离能力。     

一种基于资源预分配的虚拟机软实时调度方法

虚拟机技术作为云计算的重要技术之一,近年来得到广泛关注,但是由于虚拟机管理层的存在,导致语义鸿沟,使得实时应用程序、并发程序等在虚拟机上的运行性能受到影响。分析和研究了Xen虚拟机管理器的Credit调度算法,针对其在并发调度和软实时调度方面存在的不足,提出了改进调度算法,实现了算法的调度器原型。新的调度算法对软实时虚拟机进行Credit比例预分配,采用动态调度时间片机制,以non-work-conserving方式实现软实时任务周期调度,保障调度周期满足运行周期要求。通过区分并发和非并发软实时虚拟机,采取不同的调度策略,在满足资源利用率的基础上,确保实时任务的顺利运行。测试结果表明,该调度算法在对并发和非并发软实时任务调度上,具有良好的表现,较好满足了软实时应用调度需求。     

一种虚拟化操作系统基于事件驱动的实时调度方法

提出了一种基于系统实时事件驱动和时间驱动相结合的调度方法,可以对虚拟化操作系统进行实时性改造,改进其调度算法的实时性,满足虚拟化操作系统在嵌入式实时系统中的应用。实际改进测试表明,虚拟化操作系统的实时性能有较大幅度提升,能够满足嵌入式系统虚拟化的实时性需要。     

浅论服务器虚拟化

0前言将服务器的物理资源,通过虚拟技术变成多台可以相互隔离的虚拟服务器,不受限于物理上的界限,而是让CPU、内存、磁盘、I/O等硬件变成可以动态管理的共享资源。从而提高资源的利用率,简化系统管理,实现服务器整--这就是服务器的虚拟化。1服务器虚拟化的类型虚拟化管理所需的硬件设备为虚拟机监视器,软件是通过虚拟化平台进行管理。虚拟机监视器(Virtual Machine Monitor)把     

嵌入式Forth操作系统实时调度算法研究

针对目前嵌入式Forth操作系统中缺乏实时调度机制的问题,对基于Forth虚拟机架构的嵌入式操作系统中多任务调度的关键技术进行了研究。采用Forth虚拟机技术,新定义了一种中断任务类型来处理实时突发事件,并给出了一种新的任务调度算法来调度 Forth系统中终端任务、后台任务以及中断任务顺利运行。实验结果表明,改进后的 Forth 系统能够通过实时调度处理突发事件,并且实时响应度高,尤其适用于对实时性有要求的嵌入式环境中,以满足日趋复杂的嵌入式环境对高效操作系统和 Forth 技术的应用需求。     

seL4微内核架构的嵌入式虚拟化技术研究

随着嵌入式硬件技术水平的提升以及嵌入式应用的普及,用户对嵌入式系统可以提供的服务能力与质量水平提出了更高的要求.出于对成本和可靠性方面的考虑,开发者希望可以在同一硬件平台上同时运行多个互不影响的执行环境.本文提出了一种基于seL4微内核架构的嵌入式虚拟化技术,以Chcore微内核为基础,充分利用ARM硬件辅助虚拟化支持,设计并实现了基于能力调用机制的嵌入式虚拟机管理器.测试结果表明,该虚拟机管理器在处理器利用率、虚拟机调度、中断异常处理等方面性能良好,可以满足用户的常用应用需求.     

Xen中VCPU调度算法分析

为了降低虚拟化环境中虚拟机的性能开销,提高虚拟化实施效率,在综合考虑虚拟处理器在虚拟机调度过程中的需求的基础上,对Xen中基于信用度的调度算法进行了分析,该算法在处理器密集型应用、多处理器调度和QoS控制方面具有明显的优势.针对目前调度算法在多处理器和新型虚拟机监控器结构下存在的性能问题,提出了自旋锁优先和处理器绑定等优化措施.实例表明,该措施能够提高虚拟处理器的调度效率.     

VMSF—一种内核级虚拟机监控器调度框架

虚拟化技术由于具有提高资源利用率、降低系统总体拥有成本等优点得到越来越多的关注。虚拟机成为计算机系统的一种新型应用模式,但虚拟机应用在服务质量保证和协同运行等方面与传统商用操作系统面向的应用不同,虚拟机监控器应针对此类应用的特点设计相应的调度算法。但是,在传统基于宿主操作系统的虚拟化技术中,虚拟机的调度由宿主操作系统的标准调度器完成。本文提出一种不修改宿主操作系统现有调度机制的虚拟机调度扩展框架VMSF,该框架允许第三方自行开发适于虚拟机系统的调度算法。最后通过在Linux上开源的内核级虚拟机监控器KVM上移植Xen的Credit调度器验证了本文研究的有效性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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