基于小波一神经网络技术的电机故障模式识别与诊断

针对电机震动信号的频谱特点，提出基于小波神经网络技术的电机故障模式识别与诊断的新方法。利用小波包可进行多维多分辨率的特性，对电机振动信号进行分解与重构，获得震动信号的突变信息，实现电机状态的特征提取。对提取出的特征，用ART2神经网络进行状态分类，进而诊断故障类型，并利用这种方法进行仿真试验，通过对仿真结果的分析证实这种诊断的可行性。     

基于小波-神经网络技术的电机故障模式识别与诊断

针对电机震动信号的频谱特点,提出基于小波-神经网络技术的电机故障模式识别与诊断的新方法.利用小波包可进行多维多分辨率的特性,对电机振动信号进行分解与重构,获得震动信号的突变信息,实现电机状态的特征提取.对提取出的特征,用ART2神经网络进行状态分类,进而诊断故障类型,并利用这种方法进行仿真试验,通过对仿真结果的分析证实这种诊断的可行性.     

电机故障诊断的仿真研究

研究电机故障诊断问题.针对电机信号具有非平稳和随机性特点,为保证电机运行的安全性,准确进行故障诊断,传统方法不能有效识别故障信号特征,导致故障识别准确率低,现提出一种基于小波分析和神经网络相结合的电机故障诊断方法.采用小波包变换技术对电机故障振动信号进行去噪处理,然后利用小波包分解系数计算各子频带能量值,根据能量值的变化构建故障特征向量,利用将特征向量作为RBF神经网络的输入进行故障识别,并在Matlab仿真平台上进行仿真.仿真结果表明方法提高电机故障诊断的准确率,有效克服了传统方法存在不足,同时缩短了电机故障诊断的时间.     

基于小波包分析及神经网络的汽轮机转子振动故障诊断

根据Bently实验台所采集的碰摩、松动、不对中、不平衡4种典型汽轮机转子振动故障信号,运用小波包分析方法对其进行能量分析并提取故障特征.分析结果表明:小波包分析与信号能量分解的故障特征提取方法,可以获得汽轮机转子振动的故障状态,有较好的故障区分度;另外由于经过小波包分解再重构后所提取的故障特征参数浓缩了汽轮机转子振动故障的全部信息,而BP神经网络具有优良的非线性映射能力,对提取的故障特征参数应用BP神经网络映射,可对汽轮机转子振动故障进行进一步的诊断.诊断结果表明:基于小波包分析及神经网络的故障诊断方法,具有较高的故障识别能力.     

Hilbert-小波变换的齿轮箱故障诊断*

采用希尔伯特—小波变换对振动加速度传感器获取的齿轮箱振动响应信号进行特性分析。利用小波变换分解获得振动响应信号的各层高频信号小波系数和低频信号小波系数,对小波系数进行重构获得具有不同特征时间尺度的各高频信号和低频信号;再对分解的信号进行希尔伯特变换获得时频信息谱以提取系统的统计特征信息,实现监测齿轮运转工作状态,及时发现齿轮的早期故障,提高机械运行的安全性。仿真研究结果表明,小波变换分解和希尔伯特边际谱方法在故障信息诊断方面是可行和有效的,提高了故障检测的可靠性。     

一种推挽式电路故障诊断方法的仿真研究*

提出了基于小波变换和神经网络的推挽式电路故障诊断方法。先仿真得到各种故障状态下的输出电压信号,然后对输出电压信号进行Daubechies小波变换获取多尺度低频系数和高频系数,并对小波系数进行处理提取故障特征量,最后利用故障特征矢量训练神经网络确定了推挽式电路故障诊断的神经网络模型。仿真结果表明基于小波变换和神经网络的推挽式电路故障诊断方法取得了较好的效果。     

小波神经网络在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

结合小波变换和神经网络的优势给出小波神经网络的结构模型,研究了小波神经网络的学习算法;针对传统算法收敛速度慢等问题,从学习率和引入动量项两个方面对算法进行改进。应用小波网络对滚动轴承的典型故障进行实例诊断。以7216圆锥轴承在实验台上所测取的数据进行网络训练。用振动信号为网络输入向量,给出训练结果。仿真实例表明,采用小波神经网络能够很好地对故障进行分类,其收敛速度明显要快于相同条件BP神经网络,有效地实现了滚动轴承的故障诊断。     

基于小波神经网络的齿轮箱故障诊断研究

论述了小波神经网络的系统结构及算法,并根据齿轮振动信号的频域变化特征,提取特征向量作为输入,利用小波神经网络建立特征向量与故障模式之间的映射关系,建立了基于该算法的齿轮故障诊断模型。仿真结果表明：与传统的BP神经网络相比,该模型显著缩短了训练时间。该小波神经网络进行机械故障诊断是有效的。     

极限学习机在电机故障智能诊断中的应用

针对传统的电机故障诊断方法往往采用单一信号作为诊断依据,以及利用传统的BP神经网络进行故障诊断时存在的训练速度慢、易陷入局部极小值的缺点,提出了一种基于极限学习机和多源信息融合的电机故障诊断方法.首先将定子电流信号做陷波处理,滤除基波分量;然后对电流及振动信号进行小波包分解和重构,以各频带的小波包能量谱作为故障特征向量训练极限学习机模型;最后将训练好的极限学习机模型作为诊断决策分类器来判断电机的运行状态.实验结果表明,此方法能够准确地诊断电机的故障类型,具有运行速度快、故障诊断准确率高的特点,满足了系统在线实时诊断的要求.     

基于集成神经网络的电机故障诊断

研究异步电机安全控制问题,为解决故障诊断和速度问题,提高电机运行效率,减小早期故障损失,提出了一种基于集成神经网络的电机故障诊断方法。方法采用定子电流和转子振动信号作为电机故障诊断的输入信号,应用改进的BP神经网络进行故障识别,分别用两个诊断子网络进行局部故障诊断,再运用神经网络融合算法进行全局决策的融合,从而提高诊断的准确率。仿真研究结果表明,故障诊断模型具有诊断准确率高、诊断速度快等优点,是一种比较实用的故障诊断方法,对电机进行故障监测、预报具有重要的实际意义。     

An intelligent fault diagnosis method based on wavelet packer analysis and hybrid support vector machines

In this paper, a new intelligent method for the fault diagnosis of the rotating machinery is proposed based on wavelet packet analysis (WPA) and hybrid support machine (hybrid SVM). In fault diagnosis for mechanical systems, information about stability and mutability can be further acquired through WPA from original signal. The faulty vibration signals obtained from a rotating machinery are decomposed by WPA via Dmeyer wavelet. A new multi-class fault diagnosis algorithm based on 1-v-r SVM approach is proposed and applied to rotating machinery. The extracted features are applied to hybrid SVM for estimating fault type. Compared to conventional back-propagation network (BPN), the superiority of the hybrid SVM method is shown in the success of fault diagnosis. The test results of hybrid SVM demonstrate that the applying of energy criterion to vibration signals after WPA is a very powerful and reliable method and hence estimating fault type on rotating machinery accurately and quickly.     

基于蝙蝠算法优化相关向量机的轴承故障诊断方法

由于轴承振动信号具有复杂性和非线性,难以有效提取故障特征,影响故障诊断的准确率。为了提高故障诊断准确率,提出一种蝙蝠算法(BA)优化相关向量机(RVM)的轴承故障诊断方法。首先结合变分模态分解和多尺度熵从轴承振动信号中提取出故障特征,作为相关向量机的输入向量;接着采用蝙蝠算法优化相关向量机的核函数参数;然后训练相关向量机模型;最后使用训练后的相关向量机进行故障诊断。通过仿真实验评估故障诊断方法的有效性,实验结果表明,该方法的故障诊断准确为100%,故障诊断准确率高于SVM方法、RVM方法,说明BA-RVM故障诊断方法是可行和有效的,满足一般轴承故障诊断的精度要求。     

Intelligent diagnosis method for a centrifugal pump using features of vibration signals

In the field of machinery diagnosis, the utilization of vibration signals is effective in the detection of fault, because the signals carry dynamic information about the machine state. However, knowledge of a distinguishing fault is ambiguous because definite relationships between symptoms and fault types cannot be easily identified. This paper presents an intelligent diagnosis method for a centrifugal pump system using features of vibration signals at an early stage. The diagnosis algorithm is derived using wavelet transform, rough sets and a partially linearized neural network (PNN). ReverseBior wavelet function is used to extract fault features from measured vibration signals and to capture hidden fault information across optimum frequency regions. As the input parameters for the neural network, the non-dimensional symptom parameters that can reflect the characteristics of a signal are defined in the amplitude domain. The diagnosis knowledge for the training of the PNN can be acquired by using the rough sets. We also propose a diagnosis method based on the PNN, one which can deal with the ambiguity problem of condition diagnosis, and distinguish fault types on the basis of the possibility distributions of symptom parameters automatically. The decision method of optimum frequency region for extracting feature signals is also discussed using real plant data. Practical examples of diagnosis for a centrifugal pump system are shown in order to verify the efficiency of the method.     

Application of an intelligent classification method to mechanical fault diagnosis

A new method for intelligent fault diagnosis of rotating machinery based on wavelet packet transform (WPT), empirical mode decomposition (EMD), dimensionless parameters, a distance evaluation technique and radial basis function (RBF) network is proposed in this paper. In this method, WPT and EMD are, respectively, used to preprocess vibration signals to mine fault characteristic information more accurately. Then, dimensionless parameters in time domain are extracted from each of the original vibration signals and preprocessed signals to form a combined feature set. Moreover, the distance evaluation technique is utilised to calculate evaluation factors of the combined feature set. Finally, according to the evaluation factors, the corresponding sensitive features are selected and input into the RBF network to automatically identify different machine operation conditions. An experiment of rolling element bearings is carried out to test the performance of the proposed method. The experimental result demonstrates that the method combining WPT, EMD, the distance evaluation technique and the RBF network may accurately extract fault information and select sensitive features, and therefore it may correctly diagnose the different fault categories occurring in the bearings. Furthermore, this method is applied to slight rub fault diagnosis of a heavy oil catalytic cracking unit, the actual result shows the method may be applied to fault diagnosis of rotating machinery effectively.     

基于双树复小波包和改进SVM的轴承故障诊断

为了提高滚动轴承内圈、滚动体、外圈等故障诊断效率,提出了将双树复小波包和支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）结合的故障诊断方法。采用双树复小波包对轴承振动信号分解和重构,提取重构信号中的故障能量特征并构造特征样本作为支持向量机诊断模型的输入。针对支持向量机的参数选取没有固定方法而导致故障诊断的准确性降低的问题,采用人工鱼群算法对支持向量机的惩罚系数和核参数进行寻优。用寻优得到的参数建立支持向量机诊断模型对特征样本进行故障诊断。仿真结果表明提出的方法不仅可以提高降噪效果从而得到滚动轴承故障振动的特征信号,而且能实现更高精度的故障诊断。     

基于ICA和SVM的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究

通过对滚动轴承振动信号的分析处理,提出了基于独立分量分析和支持向量机的故障诊断方法,采用FastICA算法对信号进行分析处理,提取出代表轴承运行状态的投影系数矩阵,并以此作为特征向量来建立支持向量机分类器,利用SVM网络的智能性来判断滚动轴承的工作状态和故障类型。     

Induction machine fault detection using clone selection programming

A clonal selection programming (CSP)-based fault detection system is developed for performing induction machine fault detection and analysis. Four feature vectors are extracted from power spectra of machine vibration signals. The extracted features are inputs of an CSP-based classifier for fault identification and classification. In this paper, the proposed CSP-based machine fault diagnostic system has been intensively tested with unbalanced electrical faults and mechanical faults operating at different rotating speeds. The proposed system is not only able to detect electrical and mechanical faults correctly, but the rules generated is also very simple and compact and is easy for people to understand, This will be proved to be extremely useful for practical industrial applications.     

基于极限学习机的船舶柴油机故障诊断

针对传统深度核极限学习机网络仅利用端层特征进行分类导致特征不全面，以及故障诊断分类器中核函数选择不恰当等问题，提出基于多层特征表达和多核极限学习机的船舶柴油机故障诊断方法。利用深度极限学习机网络提取故障数据的多层特征；将提取出的各层特征级联为一个具有多属性特征的故障数据特征向量；使用多核极限学习机分类器准确地实现柴油机的故障诊断。在标准分类数据集和船舶柴油机仿真故障数据集上的实验结果表明，与其他极限学习机算法相比，该方法能够有效提高故障诊断的准确率和稳定性，且具有较好的泛化性能，是柴油机故障诊断一个更为优秀实用的工具。     

Intelligent fault diagnosis for rotating machinery using deep Q-network based health state classification: A deep reinforcement learning approach

Fault diagnosis methods for rotating machinery have always been a hot research topic, and artificial intelligence-based approaches have attracted increasing attention from both researchers and engineers. Among those related studies and methods, artificial neural networks, especially deep learning-based methods, are widely used to extract fault features or classify fault features obtained by other signal processing techniques. Although such methods could solve the fault diagnosis problems of rotating machinery, there are still two deficiencies. (1) Unable to establish direct linear or non-linear mapping between raw data and the corresponding fault modes, the performance of such fault diagnosis methods highly depends on the quality of the extracted features. (2) The optimization of neural network architecture and parameters, especially for deep neural networks, requires considerable manual modification and expert experience, which limits the applicability and generalization of such methods. As a remarkable breakthrough in artificial intelligence, AlphaGo, a representative achievement of deep reinforcement learning, provides inspiration and direction for the aforementioned shortcomings. Combining the advantages of deep learning and reinforcement learning, deep reinforcement learning is able to build an end-to-end fault diagnosis architecture that can directly map raw fault data to the corresponding fault modes. Thus, based on deep reinforcement learning, a novel intelligent diagnosis method is proposed that is able to overcome the shortcomings of the aforementioned diagnosis methods. Validation tests of the proposed method are carried out using datasets of two types of rotating machinery, rolling bearings and hydraulic pumps, which contain a large number of measured raw vibration signals under different health states and working conditions. The diagnosis results show that the proposed method is able to obtain intelligent fault diagnosis agents that can mine the relationships between the raw vibration signals and fault modes autonomously and effectively. Considering that the learning process of the proposed method depends only on the replayed memories of the agent and the overall rewards, which represent much weaker feedback than that obtained by the supervised learning-based method, the proposed method is promising in establishing a general fault diagnosis architecture for rotating machinery.