室内定位中基于EFIM和距离协作的节点选择算法

协作定位网络中节点间(除了锚节点和锚节点间)大量的信息交换会造成计算复杂度的增加,冗余信息的交换还会造成能源浪费.为了解决这个问题,提出一种基于等效费希尔信息矩阵(EFIM)和距离协作的节点选择算法,并用位置误差界限的平方(SPEB)来描述位置精度.首先获取邻近节点到目标节点的距离作为辅助信息以提高定位精度,然后通过推导更新EFIM来计算SPEB,根据新提出的算法选择邻近节点作为辅助节点.仿真结果表明新提出的算法优于其他几种常用的算法,达到某一特定的定位精度要求时选择的邻近节点数量最少,同时还提高了能量的利用率.     

基于分布式多跳误差估计目标位置感知算法

为了提高定位系统在目标定位上的精度,减少过多的硬件设施投入和能量成本,提出分布式多跳误差估计的能量高效目标位置感知算法(NFDV-Hop)。在定位精度上,DV-Hop算法采用每跳的平均距离来估计锚节点和未知节点之间的距离,导致估计距离与真实距离存在较大误差,而NFDV-Hop算法使用锚节点的平均跳数的大小以及锚节点间的平均跳距离,求得未知节点的位置坐标,并在得到坐标估计值后引入位置比值来减少定位误差。在能量优化上,DV-Hop算法需向节点多次广播信息,而NFDV-Hop算法所采用的锚节点只需向其他节点广播一次自身的位置坐标信息,从而大大减少节点的能量消耗。仿真结果表明,相比基于最小二乘法的DV-Hop算法以及基于改进粒子群优化的DV-Hop算法,NFDV-Hop定位算法的定位精度分别提高了12.1%和9%。     

基于最优跳距处理策略的无线传感器网络智能定位算法

针对传统DV-Hop算法存在较大定位误差及忽略锚节点自身误差的问题,提出了一种基于最优跳距处理策略(PSOHD)的智能定位算法。该策略充分考虑了网络拓扑结构和锚节点自身误差对定位精度的影响,首先对锚节点引入两个通信半径,并分别统计每个锚节点通信半径范围内的节点数;然后采用加权最小二乘估计修正锚节点间的平均跳距;最后对用于未知节点位置估计的平均跳距进行筛选并加权处理。另外在定位阶段引入了粒子群优化(PSO)算法对未知节点进行定位。仿真结果表明,在适当增加节点能量消耗的条件下,改进算法的定位精度有明显改善,是一种可行的无线传感器网络(WSN)节点定位的解决方案。     

遗传-禁忌搜索优化的Amorphous定位算法

在无线传感网络WSN(Wireless Sensor Networks)定位算法领域内,Amorphous定位算法存在节点定位误差大的问题。为提高传统Amorphous算法对未知节点的定位精度,该文提出基于Amorphous定位算法的遗传禁忌搜索算法IAmorphous-GATS(Improved Amorphous Genetic-Algorithm Tabu-Search Location)。首先通过Amorphous算法得到未知节点位置的初始解;然后利用遗传禁忌搜索算法优化初始解,从而可以得到未知节点的最优位置。为验证该算法能否提高传统定位方法的定位精度,该文使用MATLAB进行了仿真实验。仿真结果表明,优化后未知节点的定位精度得到了很大的提高。     

一种基于跳数比的无线传感器网络定位算法

无线传感器网络节点定位至关重要,有着广泛的应用前景.在传统的DV-Hop定位算法的基础上,提出了一种基于跳数比值的定位改进算法.该算法用跳数比值替代距离比值,并在单跳距离中引入RSSI进一步精确跳数比值,根据节点间的几何关系估算节点位置,提高了定位精度,减少了定位过程中的能量消耗.仿真结果表明,该算法比DV-Hop定位算法拥有更好的定位精度和定位鲁棒性.     

无线传感器网络中的信标优化选择算法

针对无线传感器网络中节点定位精度的问题,提出了一种基于距离和Cramer-Rao下界的信标优化选择算法。该算法通过分析信标与节点间的距离和位置拓扑关系对定位精度的影响,选择CRLB值最小的信标子集进行位置估计,减少节点定位误差。仿真结果表明,该方法较大地提高了定位精度,降低了计算量,为合理选择信标子集提供了依据。     

基于GDOP加权的TOA/AOA混合定位算法

现有基于无线传感器网络(WSN)的到达时间/到达角度(TOA/AOA)定位算法在锚节点位置存在误差的条件下定位精度不高。针对该问题,融合几何精度因子(GDOP)加权,提出一种改进的TOA/AOA混合定位算法。根据单个锚节点对定位参量的测量误差及其自身位置误差,得出基于单节点的TOA/AOA混合定位算法的GDOP计算公式。依据WSN中所有锚节点的测量误差及其分布与盲节点的相对位置关系,推导加权融合算法的GDOP计算公式。仿真结果表明,与基于平均加权的定位算法相比,改进算法具有更高的定位精度。     

基于信标优化的无线传感网络定位算法研究

针对传统无线传感器网络节点定位精度低、能耗大及适应性不强等缺陷,提出了一种基于信标优化的无线传感网络定位算法ConDV-Hop.该算法采用贡献因子对信标节点进行优化选择,使过程累积误差大大减少,利用反馈思想引入修正系数对待定位节点的初始估算位置进行修正,有效地克服了定位精度对网络拓扑的依赖.仿真实验结果表明,ConDVHop算法在均匀网络和非均匀网络中都表现出良好的性能,是无线传感器网络中节点定位的一种实用方案.     

布谷鸟算法在无线传感器网络中的定位研究

无线传感器网络（Wireless sensor network,WSN）中的核心技术之一就是节点定位。不同的定位方法对定位结果有不同的影响。针对最小二乘法在求解未知节点位置过程中定位精度的不足,提出一种WSN节点定位算法——基于改进的布谷鸟搜索算法(Cuckoo search ,CS)的定位算法。首先根据优化目标建立数学模型,然后设计了布谷鸟搜索算法中的适应值函数,并修改步长和拒绝概率参数,快速确定未知节点坐标位置。数字仿真实验表明：与基于距离向量跳数的定位方法（Distance vector hop,DV-HOP),基于自适应的布谷鸟搜索和距离向量跳数的定位算法（Self-adaption cuckoo search and distance vector hop,SACSDV-HOP)进行比较,本文算法可以有效提高节点定位精度,降低定位误差,具有较高的实用性。     

基于ABC-LS的传感器节点定位算法

为了减少无线传感器网络节点的定位误差,提出一种人工蜂群算法(ABC)修正最小二乘(LS)定位误差的传感器节点定位算法(ABC-LS)。首先估计未知传感器节点与信标节点间距离,然后采用LS算法初步确定未知传感器节点位置,最后采用ABC算法对LS算法的节点定位误差进行修正,并采用仿真实验测试ABC-LS与其他节点定位算法的优劣。结果表明,ABC-LS提高了无线传感器节点的定位精度。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate