信噪比失配对LDPC码译码影响的分析

在加性高斯白噪信道条件下,采用置信度传播算法对LDPC码进行译码,需要精确估计信道信噪比用于计算接收比特的后验概率消息作为译码器的输入.信噪比值的错误估计称为信噪比失配.本文研究加性高斯白噪信道条件下信噪比失配对LDPC码译码的影响.通过对置信度传播算法校验节点更新方程的近似得到一个以信噪比为自变量的校正因子函数,基于...     

基于熵率的密码芯片抵御SPA功耗攻击能力的量化方法

通过大量的工程实验获得了描述密码芯片功耗泄漏量随机性的两个关键指标:一是门级翻转数量的分布律,二是门级翻转数量的转移矩阵.以这两个关键指标为基础,引入信息论中熵率的概念,通过熵率的值动态地测量密码芯片在加密过程中功耗波形的熵值随机器周期数量的增长速度,进而有效地衡量密码芯片在SPA攻击下所具备的防御性能.     

MC法与QA法在通信系统仿真中的应用比较

研究MC(蒙特卡罗)仿真法和QA(准解析)仿真法的基本思想.为了验证这两种方法在通信系统仿真中的适用性与一致性,根据仿真原理,提出了相应的应用分析,首先建立二进制通信系统模型,然后利用Simulink软件,在相同的运行条件下,通过设置不同的信噪比,对模型的误码率进行了仿真.仿真结果表明这两种方法都能获得同样精确的仿真结果,而准解析法由于其解析的特性,仅需仿真整个系统中的非线性部分,因而相比于蒙特卡罗法所需的仿真运行时间更短,效率更高.     

VLSI的门级低功耗设计优化技术

低功耗设计已成为微电子领域的难点和热点。由于门级低功耗设计可以得到较好的精度和效率而被广泛的研究和应用。低功耗设计包括功耗估算和功耗优化。本文基于CMOS功耗计算模型 ,对各种门级低功耗设计方法进行了阐述和分析。     

基于LDPC码结构的盲信道噪声方差估计方法

在LDPC码的迭代软判决译码算法中需要利用信道的噪声方差,通过对二元LDPC码、采用BPSK调制的盲信道噪声方差估计方法的分析,提出了在AWGN信道条件下,采用QPSK调制的基于多元LDPC码结构的盲信道噪声方差估计算法,将估计的结果应用到多元LDPC码的译码算法中。仿真结果显示,该算法可以有效地提高信道利用率,在没有增加额外开销的同时能够得到比较准确的信噪比估计。     

基于格雷码的无人机图像传输自适应译码算法

传统的无人机与地面接收机之间的信道编码采用Turbo码、LDPC码等.Turbo码和LDPC码译码复杂、实时性不足、硬件成本高,其中LDPC码在高信噪比时候易导致错误地板.格雷码运算复杂度低,运算时间少,硬件实现简单且功耗也相对更低.针对这一现状,本文提出了基于格雷码的无人机图像传输自适应译码算法.在格雷码软硬判决译码算法的基础上设计了依据奇偶校验位的译码判决机制.仿真结果表明,该算法复杂度低、运行速度快、可靠性好,硬件成本低,可在满足图像精度需求下自适应地选择合适的解码方法,提高解码速度.     

基于三维特征参数的贝叶斯推理电路功耗模型

在功耗与信号统计分析的基础上,采用贝叶斯推理技术建立周期精确的功耗宏模型.通过分析信号特征对电路功耗的影响,选择输入信号密度Pin、输入跳变密度Din和输出跳变密度Dout作为贝叶斯推理的三维特征参数,证明了上述特征参数对信号时间和空间相关性信息的覆盖.实验结果表明,该方法较目前的门级功耗分析速度提高400余倍,周期功耗平均误差可以控制在10%以内.     

基于EXIT图的正则LDPC码性能分析研究

EXIT(EXtrinsic Information Transfer)图分析方法可以看作密度进化技术的一种简化,具有实现简单的优点,并且在不同的信道、调制方案以及检测器中都可以使用。在详细阐述了EXIT图分析方法的基础上,给出了基于EXIT图的正则LDPC码的门限判决算法,进一步通过计算机仿真分别给出了变量节点译码器和校验节点译码器的EXIT曲线,以及不同的信道信噪比下(3,6)正则LDPC码EXIT图的变化规律,直观地对迭代译码过程中的互信息变化进行了描述分析。     

一种低功耗BIST测试方法

通过分析RTL的代码和RTL的故障仿真可得到一组屏蔽向量,将这些屏蔽向量和随机向量应用到门级进行故障测试可提高系统的故障覆盖率并降低测试功耗。本文主要论述了利用RTL的功能信息进行低功耗BIST测试的方法,并通过其在标准电路中的应用阐述实现过程。     

WiMAX下LDPC编译码器仿真实现的研究

WiMAX下的编码方式是当今通讯技术研究的热门。介绍一种最受关注的纠错编码:低密度奇偶校验码(Low Density Parity Check,LDPC),讨论LDPC码在WiMAX条件下的基本原理和编译码设计;提出运用Visual C++特点构建LDPC码仿真平台,研究仿真设计过程;分析不同实现方法下对LDPC码性能的影响,通过对仿真结果的分析和思考,说明了Visual C++语言应用于LDPC编译码仿真的可行性、实用性和扩展性。     

毁伤概率评估的加权蒙特卡洛方法

由于经典蒙特卡洛方法的仿真效率不高,文中利用概率论和数理统计的基本原理,可以推导得到加权蒙特卡洛方法.加权蒙特卡罗方法不但能有效的缩小了样本方差,还能提高目标事件出现概率,相当于提高了样本的抽样效率,从而提高了仿真效率.与此同时,文中分别利用经典蒙特卡洛和加权蒙特卡洛这两种方法对典型目标进行了仿真计算,仿真计算最终证明了加权蒙特卡洛方法的仿真效率明显优于经典蒙特卡洛方法,能使仿真工作量成数量级的衰减.     

体系对抗仿真中实验次数的自适应控制方法

在方案优化过程中,为消除随机因素的影响,需要进行蒙特卡洛仿真。为此,提出将置信区间引入到体系对抗仿真中,根据仿真过程中产生的数据样本确定蒙特卡洛仿真是否结束。依据数据样本的特性,对置信区间法进行相应的扩展,在获取满足精度需求的解的条件下,尽量缩减仿真实验次数。仿真实验结果表明,扩展置信区间法能够具备对蒙特卡洛仿真的自适应控制能力。     

基于RMC的蒙特卡罗程序性能优化

蒙特卡罗MC方法是核反应堆设计和分析中重要的粒子输运模拟方法。MC方法能够模拟复杂几何形状且计算结果精度高,缺点是需要耗费大量时间进行上亿规模粒子模拟。如何提高蒙特卡罗程序的性能成为大规模蒙特卡罗数值模拟的挑战。基于堆用蒙特卡罗分析程序RMC,先后开展了基于TCMalloc动态内存分配优化、OpenMP线程调度策略优化、vector内存对齐优化和基于HDF5的并行I/O优化等一系列优化手段,对于200万粒子的算例,使其总体性能提高26.45%以上。     

含混合储能微网对配电网可靠性的影响

混合储能可快速平滑微网中分布式电源出力的随机性,从而提升配电网可靠性。提出了一种基于网络划分的蒙特卡洛模拟法,定量研究了含混合储能微网对配电网可靠性的影响。首先建立蓄电池与超级电容组成的混合储能系统模型并制定其充放电策略;在设备发生故障后,根据系统区域划分和负荷削减模型,确定负荷停电原则,采用序贯蒙特卡洛模拟法计算可靠性指标。以改进的IEEE RBTS BUS6系统为算例,对比分析了不同储能方式的微网接入前后的系统可靠性指标,结果表明：含混合储能微网接入配电网,能提高配电网供电的可靠性。     

Spectral characterization of the stochastically simulated vehicle queue on bridges

Monte Carlo simulation in conjunction with Fourier transform based spectral windowing is used to model the live load on bridges. Vehicles are classified into a few groups and the probability distributions of axle weight and length associated with each group are estimated. The vehicle arriving at an instant is determined through Monte Carlo simulation, which uses a vehicle group density function derived from measurement data on the relative contribution of each group in total vehicles. The weight and length of the arriving vehicle is also simulated by Monte Carlo using the distribution function for the corresponding group. Vehicle arrivals are modeled by the Poisson distribution. The vehicle velocities are realized through spectral simulation based on decaying power spectra of the velocity time series. The simulations are performed for a sufficient time interval in several lanes, thus the ensemble sampling of load is obtained. Fourier transform based windowing is used to characterize the power spectra of mechanical load on the bridge. The study shows the white noise nature of the load spectral density, which is in agreement with the assumptions of previous investigators. Parametric sensitivity of the spectra is also performed and recommendations are made to include site-specific parameters in the model. Finally, applications are illustrated for frequency domain random vibration analysis of a simple model of bridge structures.     

马尔可夫系统瞬态不可用度计算的高效率蒙特卡罗方法

当马尔可夫系统规模较大时,需要采用蒙特卡罗方法计算其瞬态不可用度,如果系统的 不可用度很小,则需要采用高效率的蒙特卡罗方法.本文在马尔可夫系统寿命过程的积分方程的 基础上,给出了系统瞬态不可用度计算的蒙特卡罗方法的统一描述,由此设计了马尔可夫系统瞬 态不可用度计算的直接统计估计方法和加权统计估计方法.用直接仿真方法、拟仿真方法、基于 直接仿真的统计估计方法、基于拟方仿真的统计估计方法和加权统计估计方法计算了-可修 Con/3/30:F系统的瞬态不可用度.结果表明,由于同时采用了偏倚的抽样空间和逐次事件估计 量,加权统计估计方法的方差最小,当系统不可用度很小时,该方法效率最高.     

Monte Carlo simulation-compatible stochastic field for application to expansion-based stochastic finite element method

In order to endow the expansion-based stochastic formulation with the capability of representing the characteristic behavior of stochastic systems, i.e., the non-linear dependence of the response variability on the coefficient of variation of the stochastic field, a Monte Carlo simulation-compatible stochastic field is suggested. Through a theoretical comparison of displacement vectors in the Monte Carlo method and an expansion-based scheme, it is found that the stochastic field adopted in the expansion-based scheme is not compatible with that appearing in the Monte Carlo simulation. The Monte Carlo simulation-compatible stochastic field is established by means of enforcing the compatibility between the stochastic fields in the expansion-based scheme and the Monte Carlo simulation. Employing the stochastic field suggested in this study, the response variability is reproduced with high precision even for uncertain fields with a moderately large coefficient of variation. Furthermore, the formulation proposed here can be used as an indirect Monte Carlo scheme by directly substituting the numerically simulated random fields into the covariance formula. This yields a pronounced reduction in the computation cost while resulting in virtually the same response variability as the Monte Carlo technique.     

Guest editorial

This paper applies network flow method, genetic algorithms, and Monte Carlo simulation to optimal reliability design for a composite electric power system. Genetic algorithms are general purpose optimization techniques based on principles inspired from the biological evolution using three main operations of reproduction, crossover, and mutation, which could locate near optimal solutions in most cases. The proposed method primarily adopted Monte Carlo simulation method, maximum-flow minimum-cut theorem, and optimization techniques to find out the optimal values of reliability indices, such that the optimal reliability design for the system can be achieved. The objective function to be optimized is composed of interruption cost and installation cost. The reliability indices mainly used include expected demand not served (EDNS) and forced outage rate (FOR). An application of the proposed method conducted on an IEEE five-bus test system is presented.     

基于备件方案的多态PMS可靠性仿真模型

针对多阶段任务系统(PMS)的备件问题,构建基于Monte Carlo方法的仿真模型,给出具体的算法流程。该模型以多态结构函数为基本输入,产生等价于基本设备寿命实现值的随机数,代入仿真模型,经过逻辑运算和统计分析得到系统的可靠度,为多态PMS的备件决策提供依据。应用Matlab软件进行仿真实验分析,结果表明该方法具有较高的仿真精度。     

A program for predicting significant RNA secondary structures

We describe a program for the analysis of RNA secondary structure. There are two new features in this program. (i) To get vector speeds on a vector pipeline machine (such as Cray X-MP/24) we have vectorized the secondary structure dynamic algorithm. (ii) The statistical significance of a locally 'optimal' secondary structure is assessed by a Monte Carlo method. The results can be depicted graphically including profiles of the stability of local secondary structures and the distribution of the potentially significant secondary structures in the RNA molecules. Interesting regions where both the potentially significant secondary structures and 'open' structures (single-stranded coils) occur can be identified by the plots mentioned above. Furthermore, the speed of the vectorized code allows repeated Monte Carlo simulations with different overlapping window sizes. Thus, the optimal size of the significant secondary structure occurring in the interesting region can be assessed by repeating the Monte Carlo simulation. The power of the program is demonstrated in the analysis of local secondary structures of human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type III (HIV).