共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Increasingly, business processes are being controlled and/or monitored by information systems. As a result, many business
processes leave their “footprints” in transactional information systems, i.e., business events are recorded in so-called event
logs. Process mining aims at improving this by providing techniques and tools for discovering process, control, data, organizational,
and social structures from event logs, i.e., the basic idea of process mining is to diagnose business processes by mining
event logs for knowledge. In this paper we focus on the potential use of process mining for measuring business alignment, i.e., comparing the real behavior of an information system or its users with the intended or expected behavior. We identify
two ways to create and/or maintain the fit between business processes and supporting information systems: Delta analysis and conformance testing. Delta analysis compares the discovered model (i.e., an abstraction derived from the actual process) with some predefined
processes model (e.g., the workflow model or reference model used to configure the system). Conformance testing attempts to
quantify the “fit” between the event log and some predefined processes model. In this paper, we show that Delta analysis and
conformance testing can be used to analyze business alignment as long as the actual events are logged and users have some
control over the process.
相似文献
2.
Nowadays data mining plays an important role in decision making. Since many organizations do not possess the in-house expertise
of data mining, it is beneficial to outsource data mining tasks to external service providers. However, most organizations
hesitate to do so due to the concern of loss of business intelligence and customer privacy. In this paper, we present a Bloom
filter based solution to enable organizations to outsource their tasks of mining association rules, at the same time, protect
their business intelligence and customer privacy. Our approach can achieve high precision in data mining by trading-off the
storage requirement.
This research was supported by the USA National Science Foundation Grants CCR-0310974 and IIS-0546027.
相似文献
3.
This paper describes the simulated car racing competition that was arranged as part of the 2007 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary
Computation. Both the game that was used as the domain for the competition, the controllers submitted as entries to the competition
and its results are presented. With this paper, we hope to provide some insight into the efficacy of various computational
intelligence methods on a well-defined game task, as well as an example of one way of running a competition. In the process,
we provide a set of reference results for those who wish to use the simplerace game to benchmark their own algorithms. The paper is co-authored by the organizers and participants of the competition.
相似文献
4.
Quantitative usability requirements are a critical but challenging, and hence an often neglected aspect of a usability engineering process. A case study is described where quantitative usability requirements played a key role in the development of a new user interface of a mobile phone. Within the practical constraints of the project, existing methods for determining usability requirements and evaluating the extent to which these are met, could not be applied as such, therefore tailored methods had to be developed. These methods and their applications are discussed. 相似文献
5.
This paper describes security and privacy issues for multimedia database management systems. Multimedia data includes text,
images, audio and video. It describes access control for multimedia database management systems and describes security policies
and security architectures for such systems. Privacy problems that result from multimedia data mining are also discussed.
相似文献
6.
Current workflow management technology offers rich support for process-oriented coordination of distributed teamwork. In this
paper, we evaluate the performance of an industrial workflow process where similar tasks can be performed by various actors
at many different locations. We analyzed a large workflow process log with state-of-the-art mining tools associated with the
ProM framework. Our analysis leads to the conclusion that there is a positive effect on process performance when workflow
actors are geographically close to each other. Our case study shows that the use of workflow technology in itself is not sufficient
to level geographical barriers between team members and that additional measures are required for a desirable performance.
相似文献
7.
Assumptions are frequently made during requirements analysis of a system about the trustworthiness of its various components
(including human components). These trust assumptions, whether implicit or explicit, affect the scope of the analysis, derivation
of security requirements, and in some cases how functionality is realized. This paper presents trust assumptions in the context
of analysis of security requirements. A running example shows how trust assumptions can be used by a requirements engineer
to help define and limit the scope of analysis and to document the decisions made during the process. The paper concludes
with a case study examining the impact of trust assumptions on software that uses the secure electronic transaction specification.
相似文献
8.
The effect of Internet use as a mediating variable on self-efficacy as it relates to the cognition of network-changing possibility
(i.e., connecting people or groups with different social backgrounds) was examined. The results showed that Internet use (i.e.,
the frequency of sending e-mail, friends made on the Internet) had a positive effect on the cognition of network-changing
possibility. The cognition that it is possible to connect people with different social backgrounds by using the Internet also
had a positive effect on self-efficacy. On the other hand, the cognition that it is possible to find people or groups who
share beliefs and interests by using the Internet negatively affected self-efficacy. Hence, it was found that the effect of
Internet use on self-efficacy was different as a function of cognition of network-changing possibility.
Research for this study was supported by grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKANHI15330137.
相似文献
9.
Listening to music on personal, digital devices whilst mobile is an enjoyable, everyday activity. We explore a scheme for
exploiting this practice to immerse listeners in navigation cues. Our prototype, ONTRACK, continuously adapts audio, modifying
the spatial balance and volume to lead listeners to their target destination. First we report on an initial lab-based evaluation
that demonstrated the approach’s efficacy: users were able to complete tasks within a reasonable time and their subjective
feedback was positive. Encouraged by these results we constructed a handheld prototype. Here, we discuss this implementation
and the results of field-trials. These indicate that even with a low-fidelity realisation of the concept, users can quite
effectively navigate complicated routes.
相似文献
10.
The complexity of group dynamics occurring in small group interactions often hinders the performance of teams. The availability
of rich multimodal information about what is going on during the meeting makes it possible to explore the possibility of providing
support to dysfunctional teams from facilitation to training sessions addressing both the individuals and the group as a whole.
A necessary step in this direction is that of capturing and understanding group dynamics. In this paper, we discuss a particular
scenario, in which meeting participants receive multimedia feedback on their relational behaviour, as a first step towards
increasing self-awareness. We describe the background and the motivation for a coding scheme for annotating meeting recordings
partially inspired by the Bales’ Interaction Process Analysis. This coding scheme was aimed at identifying suitable observable
behavioural sequences. The study is complemented with an experimental investigation on the acceptability of such a service.
相似文献
11.
The efficient analysis of spatio-temporal data, generated by moving objects, is an essential requirement for intelligent location-based
services. Spatio-temporal rules can be found by constructing spatio-temporal baskets, from which traditional association rule
mining methods can discover spatio-temporal rules. When the items in the baskets are spatio-temporal identifiers and are derived
from trajectories of moving objects, the discovered rules represent frequently travelled routes. For some applications, e.g.,
an intelligent ridesharing application, these frequent routes are only interesting if they are long and sharable, i.e., can
potentially be shared by several users. This paper presents a database projection based method for efficiently extracting
such long, sharable frequent routes. The method prunes the search space by making use of the minimum length and sharable requirements
and avoids the generation of the exponential number of sub-routes of long routes. Considering alternative modelling options
for trajectories, leads to the development of two effective variants of the method. SQL-based implementations are described,
and extensive experiments on both real life- and large-scale synthetic data show the effectiveness of the method and its variants.
相似文献
12.
We present a study of using camera-phones and visual-tags to access mobile services. Firstly, a user-experience study is described in which participants were both observed learning to interact with a prototype mobile service and interviewed
about their experiences. Secondly, a pointing-device task is presented in which quantitative data was gathered regarding the speed and accuracy with which participants aimed and clicked
on visual-tags using camera-phones. We found that participants’ attitudes to visual-tag-based applications were broadly positive,
although they had several important reservations about camera-phone technology more generally. Data from our pointing-device
task demonstrated that novice users were able to aim and click on visual-tags quickly (well under 3 s per pointing-device
trial on average) and accurately (almost all meeting our defined speed/accuracy tradeoff of 6% error-rate). Based on our findings,
design lessons for camera-phone and visual-tag applications are presented.
相似文献
13.
Support vector machines (SVMs) have been promising methods for classification and regression analysis due to their solid mathematical
foundations, which include two desirable properties: margin maximization and nonlinear classification using kernels. However,
despite these prominent properties, SVMs are usually not chosen for large-scale data mining problems because their training
complexity is highly dependent on the data set size. Unlike traditional pattern recognition and machine learning, real-world
data mining applications often involve huge numbers of data records. Thus it is too expensive to perform multiple scans on
the entire data set, and it is also infeasible to put the data set in memory. This paper presents a method, Clustering-Based SVM (CB-SVM), that maximizes the SVM performance for very large data sets given a limited amount of resource, e.g., memory. CB-SVM applies
a hierarchical micro-clustering algorithm that scans the entire data set only once to provide an SVM with high quality samples.
These samples carry statistical summaries of the data and maximize the benefit of learning. Our analyses show that the training
complexity of CB-SVM is quadratically dependent on the number of support vectors, which is usually much less than that of
the entire data set. Our experiments on synthetic and real-world data sets show that CB-SVM is highly scalable for very large
data sets and very accurate in terms of classification.
A preliminary version of the paper, “ Classifying Large Data Sets Using SVM with Hierarchical Clusters”, by H. Yu, J. Yang, and J. Han, appeared in Proc. 2003 Int. Conf. on Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD'03), Washington, DC, August 2003. However, this submission has substantially extended the previous paper and contains new and
major-value added technical contribution in comparison with the conference publication.
相似文献
14.
Many environmental, scientific, technical or medical database applications require effective and efficient mining of time
series, sequences or trajectories of measurements taken at different time points and positions forming large temporal or spatial
databases. Particularly the analysis of concurrent and multidimensional sequences poses new challenges in finding clusters
of arbitrary length and varying number of attributes. We present a novel algorithm capable of finding parallel clusters in
different subspaces and demonstrate our results for temporal and spatial applications. Our analysis of structural quality
parameters in rivers is successfully used by hydrologists to develop measures for river quality improvements.
相似文献
15.
The paper reflects on the unique experience of social and technological development in Lithuania since the regaining of independence
as a newly reshaped society constructing a distinctive competitive IST-based model at global level. This has presented Lithuanian
pattern of how to integrate different experiences and relations between generations in implementing complex information society
approaches. The resulting programme in general is linked to the Lisbon objectives of the European Union. The experience of
transitional countries in Europe, each different but facing some common problems, may be useful to developing countries in
Africa.
相似文献
16.
There are only a few ethical regulations that deal explicitly with robots, in contrast to a vast number of regulations, which
may be applied. We will focus on ethical issues with regard to “responsibility and autonomous robots”, “machines as a replacement
for humans”, and “tele-presence”. Furthermore we will examine examples from special fields of application (medicine and healthcare,
armed forces, and entertainment). We do not claim to present a complete list of ethical issue nor of regulations in the field
of robotics, but we will demonstrate that there are legal challenges with regard to these issues.
相似文献
17.
A number of mobile applications have emerged that allow users to locate one another. However, people have expressed concerns
about the privacy implications associated with this class of software, suggesting that broad adoption may only happen to the
extent that these concerns are adequately addressed. In this article, we report on our work on P eopleF inder, an application that enables cell phone and laptop users to selectively share their locations with others (e.g. friends,
family, and colleagues). The objective of our work has been to better understand people’s attitudes and behaviors towards
privacy as they interact with such an application, and to explore technologies that empower users to more effectively and
efficiently specify their privacy preferences (or “policies”). These technologies include user interfaces for specifying rules
and auditing disclosures, as well as machine learning techniques to refine user policies based on their feedback. We present
evaluations of these technologies in the context of one laboratory study and three field studies.
相似文献
18.
Research on hybrid bionic systems (HBSs) is still in its infancy but promising results have already been achieved in laboratories.
Experiments on humans and animals show that artificial devices can be controlled by neural signals. These results suggest
that HBS technologies can be employed to restore sensorimotor functionalities in disabled and elderly people. At the same
time, HBS research raises ethical concerns related to possible exogenous and endogenous limitations to human autonomy and
freedom. The analysis of these concerns requires reflecting on the availability of scientific models accounting for key aspects
of sensorimotor coordination and plastic adaptation mechanisms in the brain.
相似文献
19.
Awareness systems have attracted significant research interest for their potential to support interpersonal relationships.
Investigations of awareness systems for the domestic environment have suggested that such systems can help individuals stay
in touch with dear friends or family and provide affective benefits to their users. Our research provides empirical evidence
to refine and substantiate such suggestions. We report our experience with designing and evaluating the ASTRA awareness system,
for connecting households and mobile family members. We introduce the concept of connectedness and its measurement through
the Affective Benefits and Costs of communication questionnaire (ABC-Q). We inform results that testify the benefits of sharing
experiences at the moment they happen without interrupting potential receivers. Finally, we document the role that lightweight,
picture-based communication can play in the range of communication media available.
相似文献
20.
An important area of Human Reliability Assessment in interactive systems is the ability to understand the causes of human
error and to model their occurrence. This paper investigates a new approach to analysis of task failures based on patterns
of operator behaviour, in contrast with more traditional event-based approaches. It considers, as a case study, a formal model
of an Air Traffic Control system operator’s task which incorporates a simple model of the high-level cognitive processes involved.
The cognitive model is formalised in the CSP process algebra. Various patterns of behaviour that could lead to task failure
are described using temporal logic. Then a model-checking technique is used to verify whether the set of selected behavioural
patterns is sound and complete with respect to the definition of task failure. The decomposition is shown to be incomplete
and a new behavioural pattern is identified, which appears to have been overlooked in the informal analysis of the problem.
This illustrates how formal analysis of operator models can yield fresh insights into how failures may arise in interactive
systems.
相似文献
|