水稻叶片含水量的高光谱遥感估算

针对高光谱估算不同品种水稻叶片含水量模型精度较低和参数复杂的问题,采集了20个品种、4个关键生长期(拔节-孕穗、孕穗-抽穗、抽穗-灌浆、灌浆-成熟)的水稻叶片高光谱和含水量数据,利用15种常见的植被指数反演水稻叶片含水量,建模效果均不够理想;利用叶片含水量敏感波段的反射率、光谱一阶导数构建归一化植被指数、比值植被指数和差值植被指数进一步探究,结果表明,利用一阶导数构建的差值植被指数DDV(R1 833,R2 236)建模精度和预测效果最佳,建模决定系数为0.72,验证决定系数为0.81,相对分析误差为2.29,可以有效估计不同品种水稻4个生长期的叶片含水量。     

水稻叶面积指数的多光谱遥感估算模型研究

LAI是生态系统研究中最重要的结构参数之一,它是估计多种植冠功能过程的重要参数。通过两年的水稻田间试验,使用美国ASD背挂式野外光谱辐射仪(ASDFieldSpec),获取1999～2000年两年晚稻整个生育期的光谱数据,采用计算机测算图斑面积法测定LAI;根据已有的卫星传感器通道波段(MSS、RBV、SPOT、TM、CH)和它们的组合(比值植被指数、归一化差植被指数),以及具有物理意义的光谱区域(蓝区、绿区、黄边、红光吸收谷、红边、紫区、可见光区、近红外区、全部波段)等共有27个变量构建多光谱变量组,采用5个单变量线性与非线性拟合模型,用1999年试验数据为训练样本,建立水稻LAI的多光谱遥感估算模型。结果表明:适用于水稻LAI估算的多光谱变量是植被指数变量好于波段变量;RVI与NDVI比较,RVI好于NDVI。用2000年试验数据作为测试样本数据,对其精度进行评价和验证,非线性模型的精度高于线性模型的精度,其中以SPOT3/SPOT2为变量的对数模型,拟合R2与预测R2达到了最大,其RMSE和相对误差(%)为最低,因此,认为它是估算LAI的最佳模型。
     

基于GF-1影像的耕地地块破碎区水稻遥感提取

耕地地块破碎区水稻遥感提取是作物监测研究的热点问题之一。以苏州市高新区为例,通过挖掘关键物候期水稻与下垫面水体光谱特征组合差异,基于分蘖期与齐穗期两景16 m分辨率的GF-1 WFV数据,构建归一化差值植被指数（NDVI）差值法、归一化水体指数和比值植被指数（NDWI-RVI）差值法提取水稻分布,并深入探究了水稻面积提取精度及空间重合度影响因素。结果显示：与非监督分类和监督分类方法相比,植被指数差值法水稻识别精度贡献率可提升30%以上,NDVI差值法提取水稻种植面积的精度、空间重合度、制图总体精度和Kappa系数分别为86.2%、66.1%、92.2%和0.72;NDWI-RVI差值法上述指标分别高达95.5%、78.4%、93.5%和0.846,实现了利用少量中高分辨率遥感影像精确提取耕地地块破碎区水稻分布的目的,可实际服务于太湖地区农业生产及相关决策支持。     

基于GF-1影像的耕地地块破碎区水稻遥感提取

耕地地块破碎区水稻遥感提取是作物监测研究的热点问题之一。以苏州市高新区为例,通过挖掘关键物候期水稻与下垫面水体光谱特征组合差异,基于分蘖期与齐穗期两景16 m分辨率的GF-1 WFV数据,构建归一化差值植被指数(NDVI)差值法、归一化水体指数和比值植被指数(NDWI-RVI)差值法提取水稻分布,并深入探究了水稻面积提取精度及空间重合度影响因素。结果显示:与非监督分类和监督分类方法相比,植被指数差值法水稻识别精度贡献率可提升30%以上,NDVI差值法提取水稻种植面积的精度、空间重合度、制图总体精度和Kappa系数分别为86.2%、66.1%、92.2%和0.72;NDWI-RVI差值法上述指标分别高达95.5%、78.4%、93.5%和0.846,实现了利用少量中高分辨率遥感影像精确提取耕地地块破碎区水稻分布的目的,可实际服务于太湖地区农业生产及相关决策支持。     

基于GF-1影像的耕地地块破碎区水稻遥感提取

耕地地块破碎区水稻遥感提取是作物监测研究的热点问题之一。以苏州市高新区为例，通过挖掘关键物候期水稻与下垫面水体光谱特征组合差异，基于分蘖期与齐穗期两景16 m分辨率的GF-1 WFV数据，构建归一化差值植被指数（NDVI）差值法、归一化水体指数和比值植被指数（NDWI-RVI）差值法提取水稻分布，并深入探究了水稻面积提取精度及空间重合度影响因素。结果显示：与非监督分类和监督分类方法相比，植被指数差值法水稻识别精度贡献率可提升30%以上，NDVI差值法提取水稻种植面积的精度、空间重合度、制图总体精度和Kappa系数分别为86.2%、66.1%、92.2%和0.72；NDWI-RVI差值法上述指标分别高达95.5%、78.4%、93.5%和0.846，实现了利用少量中高分辨率遥感影像精确提取耕地地块破碎区水稻分布的目的，可实际服务于太湖地区农业生产及相关决策支持。     

基于SPOT5影像的稻田土壤养分的Co-kriging插值研究

以湖州一块3.34hm2的水稻田为试验区,在ARCVIEW和ERDAS Image8.4平台上结合地统计学,研究以植被指数为协因子的土壤全N的Co-kriging插值效果。分析结果表明:水稻生长期的SPOT5卫星多光谱信息构建的植被指数,反映了水稻的生长状况,在一定程度上间接地反映了土壤的养分状况,特别是土壤速效N、速效P、全N的状况;其中将比值植被指数(RVI)和归一化植被指数(NDVI)作为协因子,参与土壤全N的Co-kriging插值,插值精度有所提高。     

面向水稻LAI监测的植被指数土壤调节参数修正

考虑土壤调节参数的植被指数能够减小土壤背景影响,广泛应用于各种植被遥感监测中,然而水稻种植在覆水土壤之上,有别于常见的各种土壤背景。为此,通过两年水稻小区试验,获取水稻冠层光谱数据和对应的叶面积指数(LAI)数据,利用在一定范围内变化的土壤调节参数计算得到一个系列植被指数(EVI、SAVI、WDVI),分析这些植被指数对水稻LAI的估算能力,确定水稻特殊背景下各植被指数的最佳土壤调节参数,研究发现,对EVI的最佳土壤调节参数为L=0.25,对SAVI的最佳土壤调节参数为L=0.10,对WDVI的最佳土壤调节参数为a=1.25,进而比较基于最佳土壤调节参数的植被指数与基于常规土壤调节参数的植被指数对水稻LAI估算效果。在以EVI为自变量的模型中,最佳参数RMSE相比常规参数降低6.82%;在SAVI模型中,最佳参数的RMSE相比常规参数降低10.23%。这些结果表明:针对水稻背景修正的土壤调节植被指数能够提高遥感反演水稻叶面积指数的准确度。     

一种基于植被指数的遥感影像决策树分类方法

以江苏省徐州市为研究区,采用2000年ETM+多光谱影像作为遥感信息源,选择影像的光谱特征和归一化植被指数（NDVI）、绿度植被指数（GVI）、比值植被指数（RVI）等10种植被指数作为分类特征,基于See5决策树学习软件构建分类决策树,实现了研究区景观格局的遥感分类。研究结果表明,决策树分类法易于综合多种特征进行遥感影像的分类,植被指数参与到决策树分类中能够提高分类的总体精度。     

冬小麦遥感估产的灰色理论方法探讨

本文首次将我国近年来发展起来的灰色系统理论应用于冬小麦遥感估产中，克服了以往因原始资料系列不够大、分布不典型而影响预报结果的缺点。文章还认为，影响冬小麦产量的因素，‘都是通过光合作用这一窗口对其产生影响的，用能反映冬小麦光合作用强度的归一化植被指数和比值植被指数与冬小麦亩产量建立起灰色预报方程、从而在小麦不同生育期用不同的预报方程来进行产量预报。     

应用光谱特性建立冬小麦氮磷元素丰缺和产量预报模型的研究

在肥料试验设计的基础上,探讨应用光谱特性建立冬小麦氮、磷元素丰缺和估产的最佳模型。光谱波段的反射率和植被指数是重要的预报因子,在估产模型中把TM1-4和NIR与TM1-3全部组合形式作为初始因子建模,并增加了氮磷二因子,选择出不同时期不同模型的合适光谱波段范围和植被指数,并对最佳预报模型进行实际验证。     

南方丘陵地区水稻种植面积遥感信息提取的可行性分析*

以浙江省为试验区,在地理信息系统支持下综合利用多种地理信息,探讨丘陵地区大面积提取水稻种植面积信息的可行性。开展了分类识别方法的比较试验及训练样点相对稳定性试验。针对丘陵地区的复杂地形,在数字化地形图的基础上,建立数字地形模型(DTM),并衍生出地面坡度等地貌因子的数字化图像,结合NOAA/AVHRR数据,进行分类。试验结果表明,传统的分类识别方法中,最大似然法的分类精度可满足业务化运行的要求;建立在混合像元分解基础上的模糊监督分类,有较高的分类精度和较好的稳定性,具有较强的适应性;地貌因子参与遥感影像的分类,不仅可以有效地提高丘陵地区水稻种植面积信息的提取精度,而且还可以使面积信息提取精度保持一定的稳定性,提高空间精度;为探讨丘陵地区水稻种植面积信息遥感提取的可靠性和客观性,在训练样点保持相对稳定的前提下,对1996年和1997年浙江省水稻种植面积进行测算,两年的数量精度均在92%以上。     

南方丘陵地区水稻种植面积遥感信息提取的可行性分析

以浙江省为试验区，在地理信息系统支持下综合利用多种地理信息，探讨丘陵地区大面积提取水稻种植面积信息的可行性。开展了分类识别方法的比较试验及训练样点相对稳定性试验。针对丘陵地区的复杂地形，在数字化地形图的基础上，建立数字地形模型（ＤＴＭ），并衍生出地面坡度等地貌因子的数字化图像，结合ＮＯＡＡ／ＡＶＨＲＲ数据，进行分类。试验结果表明，传统的分类识别方法中，最大似然法的分类精度可满足业务化运行的要求；建立在混合像元分解基础上的模糊监督分类，有较高的分类精度和较好的稳定性，具有较强的适应性；地貌因子参与遥感影像的分类，不仅可以有效地提高丘陵地区水稻种植面积信息的提取精度，而且还可以使面积信息提取精度保持一定的稳定性，提高空间精度；为探讨丘陵地区水稻种植面积信息遥感提取的可靠性和客观性，在训练样点保持相对稳定的前提下，对１９９６年和１９９７年浙江省水稻种植面积进行测算，两年的数量精度均在９２％以上。     

运用NOAA AVHRR和Landsat TM数据估算多年水稻种植面积

介绍了综合运用NOAA AVHRR和Landsat TM数据进行多年水稻种植面积监测的一种方法,以湖北省为例,首先运用Landsat TM数据计算了该省1992年的水稻种植面积;接着运用1992年和1994年的NOAA AVHRR数据分别计算这两年的水稻像元数,以这两年水稻像元数的变化来反映水稻种植面积的变化;最后运用线性模型,估算1994年的水稻种植面积。所得的1994年水稻种植面积与湖北省农调队资料相比精度为84.5%。运用同样的方法估算1995年该省的水稻种植面积,精度达90%以上。     

Efficiency Research of Planted Rice Area Estimation From NOAA一AVHRR Data in Taihu Domain

运用NOAA-AVHRR资料估算水稻种植面积，是遥感应用领域中一个新的研究方向，结合国家“八五”攻关项目“太湖地区遥感话产”的要求，在太湖地区进行了初步的尝试:(1)根据估产精度要求和NOAA一AVHRR资料校正精度，探讨了运用NOAA一AVHRR资料估产所需的最小区域范围。(2)针对太湖地区的具休地理环境设计了提取水稻种植曲积的技术方案，并在试验区取得了初步成果。     

The derivation of the green vegetation fraction from NOAA/AVHRR data for use in numerical weather prediction models

Fraction of green vegetation, fg, and green leaf area index, Lg, are needed as a regular space-time gridded input to evapotranspiration schemes in the two National Weather Service (NWS) numerical prediction models regional Eta and global medium range forecast. This study explores the potential of deriving these two variables from the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data. Obviously, one NDVI measurement does not allow simultaneous derivation of both vegetation variables. Simple models of a satellite pixel are used to illustrate the ambiguity resulting from a combination of the unknown horizontal (fg) and vertical (Lg) densities. We argue that for NOAA AVHRR data sets based on observations with a spatial resolution of a few kilometres the most appropriate way to resolve this ambiguity is to assume that the vegetated part of a pixel is covered by dense vegetation (i.e., its leaf area index is high), and to calculate fg=(NDVI-NDVI0)/(NDVI8-NDVI0), where NDVIo (bare soil) and NDVI (dense vegetation) are specified as global constants independent of vegetation/soil type. Global (0.15o)2 spatial resolution monthly maps of fg were produced from a 5-year NDVI climatology and incorporated in the NWS models. As a result, the model surface fluxes were improved.     

Earth observation of vegetation status in the Sahelian and Sudanian West Africa: comparison of Terra MODIS and NOAA AVHRR satellite data

The first year of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data are compared with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data for derivation of biophysical variables in Senegal, West Africa. The dynamic range of the two MODIS vegetation indices (VIs)—the continuity vegetation index (CVI) and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI)—is generally much larger than for the NOAA AVHRR normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data, indicating the importance of the change in near-infrared wavelength configuration from the NOAA AVHRR sensor to the MODIS sensor. Senegal is characterized by a pronounced gradient in the vegetation density covering a range of agro-climatic zones from arid to humid and it is found that the MODIS CVI values saturate for high VI values while the EVI demonstrates improved sensitivity for high biomass. Compared to NOAA AVHRR the MODIS VIs generally correlate better to the MODIS fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR) absorbed by vegetation canopies and the leaf area index (LAI; the one-sided green leaf area per unit ground area). CVI is found to correlate better to both fAPAR and LAI than is the case for EVI because of the larger dynamic range of the CVI data. This suggests that the problem of background contamination on VIs from soil is not as severe in Senegal as has been found in other semi-arid African areas.     

Agreement assessment of NOAA/AVHRR NDVI with Landsat TM NDVI for mapping burned forested areas

Meteorological satellites are appropriate for operational applications related to early warning, monitoring and damage assessment of forest fires. Environmental or resources satellites, with better spatial resolution than meteorological satellites, enable the delineation of the affected areas with a higher degree of accuracy. In this study, the agreement of two datasets, coming from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (NOAA/AVHRR) and Landsat TM, for the assessment of the burned area, was investigated. The study area comprises a forested area, burned during the forest fire of 21-24 July 1995 in Penteli, Attiki, Greece. Based on a colour composite image of Landsat TM a reference map of the burned area was produced. The scatterplot of the multitemporal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) images, from both Landsat TM and NOAA/AVHRR sensors, was used to detect the spectral changes due to the removal of vegetation. The extracted burned area was compared to the digitized reference map. The synthesis of the maps was carried out using overlay techniques in a Geographic Information System (GIS). It is illustrated that the NOAA/AVHRR NDVI accuracy is comparable to that from Landsat TM data. As a result NOAA/AVHRR data can, operationally, be used for mapping the extent of the burned areas.     

Assessment of ecological conditions associated with the 1980/81 desert locust plague upsurge in West Africa using environmental satellite data

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellite data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor were analysed to document the vegetation biomass dynamics associated with the regional desert-locust upsurge in West Africa during 1980/81, which affected an area of some 600 000 km² in Mali, Niger and Algeria. Comparisons were made among locust population survey reports, rainfall records from eighteen stations in the same area, and the satellite data in vegetation index format. The satellite-recorded temporal and spatial distributions of desert vegetation biomass were closely correlated with both the locust population surveys and the available rainfall data. An attempt was made to develop a quantitative relationship between a satellite-derived potential breeding activity factor (PBAF) and the observed desert locust populations. Analysis of the multitemporal satellite data set indicates that, had the NOAA/AVHRR vegetation index data been operationally available in June 1980, effective preventive control measures would have only been necessary for an area of 600 km².     

Satellite and ground-based pasture production assessment in Niger: 1986-1988

Abstract

The standing crop of herbaceous biomass produced during the 2-4?month summer rainy season by the annual grasses in the Sahel zone provides an indication of resource availability for livestock for the following 9-month dry season. Combined use of NOAA advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) local area coverage (LAC) satellite data and biomass data, obtained through vegetation sampling of 25-100 km₂ areas, allowed the development of a method for biomass assessment in Niger. Vegetation sampling involved both visual estimates and clipped plots (double sampling). The relationship between time-integrated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) statistics derived from NOAA AVHRR LAC data (dependent variable) and total herbaceous biomass (independent variable) was obtained through regression analysis. An inverse prediction was used to estimate biomass from the satellite data. Biomass maps and statistics of the grasslands were produced for the end of each rainy season: 1986, 1987 and 1988. This information is being used for planning purposes by the pastoral resource managers of the Government of Niger.