一个基于全景视觉的移动机器人导航系统的设计与实现

针对移动机器人路径规划与导航的实际应用,设计了一个基于全景视觉的移动机器人路径规划导航系统．首先,对导航系统的体系结构和功能进行描述．然后,分别就如何采用全景视觉传感器进行环境探索与地图创建,基于回归神经网络的广度优先搜索法和Voronoi骨架图法两种路径规划算法原理,以及如何实现按规划路径实施导航这三个方面进行了详细阐述．最后,结合实际机器人进行导航实验,评估导航系统的性能和路径规划算法的有效性．     

计算机视觉导航综述

导航技术是移动机器人核心技术,移动机器人又有多种导航方式,本文对各种导航方式进行了分析比较,提出由于计算机视觉理论及算法的发展,又由于和激光、雷达和超声在导航方面相比,视觉导航具有很多优点,因此视觉导航被大量地采用。根据移动机器人是在导航过程中对图像进行处理,实时性差始终是一个非常棘手的问题,提出解决该问题的关键在于设计一种快速图像处理方法。     

室外环境下移动机器人视觉SLAM算法改进

闭环探测效率不高、视觉节点冗余度大制约着移动机器人视觉导航系统的性能.为了解决这个问题,从两个方面对视觉SLAM算法的关键环节进行了改进:在机器人导航的闭环探测环节采用了一种新的场景相似性测量方法,有效地提高了闭环探测的效率;在视觉节点的生成环节,算法采用了场景之间共有信息量减少的减量式节点探测方法,有效地降低了地图节点的冗余度.仿真和移动机器人实验对方法的有效性和实时性进行了验证,实验结果表明,移动机器人在视觉导航过程中,闭环探测的有效性达到99％以上,平均计算时间为0.03s,地图节点冗余度为0,使得导航系统在闭环探测和构建的地图质量两个方面的性能得到了进一步的提升.     

单目视觉移动机器人导航算法研究现状及趋势

拥有自主导航能力的移动机器人在救灾、家政等人类生活中使用得愈加广泛。单目视觉导航算法作为机器人视觉导航中的一种,具有成本低、距离不受限的优势,但仍存在尺度不确定性和初始化问题。该综述根据对移动机器人的运动性质研究,主要从障碍检测、空间定位、路径规划三个方面对单目视觉导航技术进行了模块化分析,并以单目视觉导航算法的关键技术迭代与发展为脉络,对各模块的典型算法进行分析,从速度、准确性、鲁棒性等方面对不同算法进行综合性评比,并对算法存在的主要问题与难点进行剖析,结合人类对移动机器人能力的需求和移动机器人的技术状态对单目视觉导航技术的未来发展趋势进行预测。     

室内移动机器人新型视觉导航系统设计

视觉导航作为一种重要的机器人导航方式正日益受到人们的关注,为了解决目前采用视觉导航存在的算法设计复杂、导航性能差等问题,提出一种新的室内移动机器人视觉导航系统设计方案。首先阐述了该导航新方法的设计思想,然后介绍了采用该方法的导航系统的整体结构设计。利用放置在室内固定位置的摄像机采集室内环境的视频图像,设计了实时图像分析算法实现障碍物躲避、机器人位置跟踪等功能,为机器人的行走提供导航依据,同时通过无线通信的方式发送控制指令,实现对室内移动机器人的行走过程导航控制。     

基于增强转移网络（ATN）的室外移动机器人道路图像理解

道路图像理解是室外移动机器人视觉导航自主驾驶研究中的一个关键技术 ,由于基于视觉导航的室外移动机器人自主驾驶时 ,对实时性和鲁棒性要求很高 ,因此 ,为了满足室外移动机器人自主驾驶的实时性和鲁棒性要求 ,将人工智能研究句法分析中的一个形式体系——增强转移网络 (ATN )成功地应用于室外移动机器人的道路理解中 ,进而提出了基于 ATN的室外移动机器人道路图像理解算法 ,该算法在统一的 ATN构建思想指导下 ,针对不同的道路情况 ,不仅可以灵活地构建出不同的道理理解 ATN网络 ,还可达到本质上的统一及应用上的灵活。经实验检验 ,该算法在满足系统要求的鲁棒性条件下 ,具有非常高的实时性 ,即能充分地满足自主移动机器人高速自主导航的需要     

一种移动机器人路径规划方法的研究

该文主要是设计了一种可扩展式移动机器人,提出了基于Levenberg-Marquardt方法优化的EKF-SLAM算法、基于势场蚁群算法的移动机器人全局路径规划,并探索了一种新的最优路径搜索方法,即有机地将移动机器人局部路径规划融入全局路径规划中,并且通过机器人仿真实验完成室内移动机器人的自主导航,相比传统方法能够提高...     

基于FPGA+ARM的视觉导航轮式机器人

根据自动运输的需求,以FPGA+ARM为核心,设计一种基于视觉导航的自主式轮式机器人,使用FPGA控制图像的实时采集、存储和显示,用ARM实现路径识别、通信并控制执行机构和传感器。路径识别的基本思想是采样二值化并去噪,再检测出场景中的路径,由路径跟踪模块进行导航计算。实验结果表明,该机器人的控制准确可靠,能正确地跟踪预先设置的引导轨线。     

面向医院的移动机器人导航系统设计

本文设计了一种采用RFID和机器视觉相结合的自主移动机器人导航系统.该系统在搜索和识别走廊内RFID标签和门牌号的基础上实现自定位和导航.本文首先给出了移动机器人导航系统的整体设计,然后分别给出了基于RFID辅助定位方法和基于DSP的门牌号识别方法,最后在博创UpVoyager移动机器人平台上验证了本系统的有效性.     

基于嵌入式的移动机器人导航算法研究

针对移动机器人视觉导航中路径识别和路径跟踪问题,采用S3C2440嵌入式处理器处理摄像头传感器采集的路径环境信息,实现移动机器人在有引导路径的情况下自主导航。首先,用小波分析的方法进行图像增强和滤波,数学形态学反复开关滤波去除路面上的杂质,其次,针对单路径和交叉引导路径分别采用基于阈值化和形态学方法提取中心点,最后,加权最小二乘法计算导航参数。实验结果表明,该导航算法具有较好的实时性和准确的控制精度,能够满足机器人视觉导航的需要。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate