基于纳米金／石墨烯－壳聚糖－离子液体／L－半胱氨酸包覆CdTe量子点的双酚A传感器

在石墨烯、壳聚糖和1-乙基－3－甲基眯唑四氟硼酸盐（[BMIM]）复合材料（Graphene—Chits-[BMIM]）表面电沉积金,并自组装L－半胱氨酸包覆CdTe量子点,制备了修饰玻碳电极新型双酚A传感器。采用循环伏安法和电化学交流阻抗等方法研究了修饰电极的电化学特性。由于Graphene-Chits－[BMIM]复合材料中,石墨烯和[BMIMI都具有良好的导电性,该修饰电极对于双酚A有较好的电流响应。在最佳条件下,该传感器对双酚A的检测浓度范围：5．0×10^-8～7．05×10^-6mol／L,检测限为2．0×10^-8mol／L（3倍信噪比）,相关系数为0．999。     

基于Nafion-石墨烯复合物固定甲胎蛋白电化学免疫传感器的研究

该文利用Nation-石墨烯复合物和纳米金固定甲胎蛋白抗体(anti-AFP),构建了高灵敏的电化学免疫传感器.首先将石墨烯分散在Nation溶液中制得Nation-石墨烯的复合膜,并将其固定在玻碳电极(GCE)表面,通过静电吸附和共价键合作用将硫堇(Thi)和纳米金颗粒(nano-Au)依次固定到Nation-石墨烯复合膜修饰的玻碳电极表面.再通过纳米金单层吸附anti-AFP,最后用牛血清蛋白(BSA)封闭电极上的非特异性吸附位点,从而制得了甲胎蛋白免疫传感器.实验结果表明,该修饰电极对不同浓度的甲胎蛋白(AFP)有很好的响应,其线性范围为0.8～100 ng/mL,检出限为0.36 ng/mL.     

Pt石墨烯-碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极对甲醛的电催化氧化

该文首先制备了石墨烯-碳纳米管复合材料,然后通过水热法将Pt纳米粒子修饰于该复合材料表面,制成了Pt／石墨烯（Graphene,Gr）-碳纳米管（Carbonnanotubes,CNTs）／玻碳电极（Glassycarbonelectrode,GCE）传感器。在磷酸盐缓冲溶液（pH=2．3）中利用循环伏安法研究了甲醛在Pt／Gr—CNTs／GCE上的电化学行为。实验结果表明,Pt／Gr-CNTs对甲醛具有良好的电催化氧化作用。     

Au—Ni／酪氨酸酶修饰生物传感器检定BPA

将镍金材料结合壳聚糖修饰于玻碳电极表面形成复合膜,酪氨酸酶（Tyr）借助NHS～EDC联酶法修饰于复合膜上,制备了一种新型的酪氨酸酶修饰电极。以循环伏安法和电化学阻抗谱实验研究了修饰电极的电化学性能。由于复合材料良好的生物相容性和高电导特性,联酶法保持了酶活性和稳定性,该传感器对双酚A（BPA）具有良好的电化学响应。在最佳实验条件下,该传感器对双酚A的检测范围为：4．0×10^-8～5．0×10^-6mol／L,检测限为1.0×10^-8mol／L（信噪比=3）。该传感器具有良好的性能,重现性,稳定性。     

碳纳米管组装电化学免疫传感器测定IgG抗体的研究

应用吸附法将IgG抗原固定于多壁碳纳米管修饰的玻碳电极表面,制备用于IgG抗体检测的电化学免疫传感器。以辣根过氧化物酶为标记物,对苯二酚为底物,利用辣根过氧化物酶标记IgG抗体与待测IgG抗体竞争电极表面固定的IgG抗原,建立了免疫竞争法检测IgG抗体的高灵敏度电化学分析方法。碳纳米管的大比表面积和电化学催化作用,提高了分子识别物质的固定量和电化学检测的灵敏度。工作电位为 0.030 V(vs.SCE)时,响应电流与IgG抗体浓度在0.30~10μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.11μg/mL。     

基于囊状银钯铂合金的无标记型癌胚抗原免疫传感器的研制

该文将所合成的中空囊状银钯铂合金和壳聚糖（CHIT）修饰于玻碳电极（GCE）表面,利用中空囊状银钯铂合金比表面积大、反应活性位点多、导电能力良好、催化性能优异和吸附能力强等优点将癌胚抗原的抗体（anti-CEA）固定到电极表面,从而制得高灵敏的无标记型癌胚抗原（CEA）免疫传感器。当抗体与抗原发生免疫反应形成复合物时,会降低银钯铂合金的电催化活性并增加传质阻力。采用示差脉冲伏安法（DPV）检测电化学探针铁氰化钾的响应电流信号的减小程度,实现对CEA的检测。实验考察了电极表面的电化学行为,并对免疫传感器的性能进行了研究。在最优的实验条件下检测癌胚抗原的线性范围为0.5-80.0 ng/mL,线性相关系数为0.989 0,检测下限为0.17 ng/mL。     

基于甲胎蛋白抗体和巯基丁二酰胺铜(II)共固定修饰电极的人血清中甲胎蛋白免疫传感器

研制基于甲胎蛋白抗体(Ab-AFP)和巯基丁二酰胺铜(Ⅱ)(CuL)共固定修饰玻碳电极(GCE|Ab-AFP/TiO2/CuL)的免疫传感器,用于测定人血清中AFP抗原水平。该免疫传感器是利用溶胶-凝胶气相沉积技术,将AFP抗体分子固定在CuL修饰玻碳电极表面制备而成。电极表面的CuL具有电活性,对H2O2有良好的电化学还原催化。当该免疫传感器在含AFP样品的溶液中于25℃温育30min后,AFP抗原与Ab-AFP抗体分子的免疫结合物导致CuL的电子传递被部分阻碍,使CuL对H2O2电催化还原的效率降低,电流值的下降量和AFP浓度成正比,可用于AFP定量测定。在pH=6的PBS中,25℃温育30min的优化条件下,该传感器对AFP的检测线性范围为0.5～3.9和3.9～100ng/mL,检出下限为0.081ng/mL(3σ)。该免疫传感器制备过程比基于酶标抗体修饰传感器简单,尤其是对H2O2催化响应迅速,稳定性好,可以在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中稳定存放15d。对于构建无试剂的免疫传感器和临床免疫分析提供了一种新颖的方法。     

基于Pt/PEDOT/PSS-Graphene复合材料的H2O2生物传感器

本文以聚苯乙烯磺酸钠（PSS）功能化的石墨烯为载体原位聚合PEDOT制备PEDOT/PSS-Graphene复合材料,然后将该复合材料修饰于玻碳电极（GCE）表面制得PEDOT/PSS-Graphene/GCE电极,并在此基础上电沉积负载Pt纳米颗粒构建了一种新的无酶H2O2生物传感器。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对制得的修饰电极进行表征,同时通过循环伏安法和计时电流法研究了该传感器对H2O2的响应性能。结果表明,所制备的传感器对H2O2检测有极快的响应速度（1.5 s）,在11.57 μmol/L～3.60 mmol/L H2O2浓度范围内成线性相关,检出限为9.27 μmol/L,且具有良好的重现性、稳定性和选择性。     

基于PVN-GO复合膜的亚硝酸盐电化学传感器

通过简单可控的滴涂成膜和在线电聚合方法,将氧化石墨烯（GO）和聚香兰素（PVN）修饰到玻碳电极（GCE）表面,制备了PVN-GO复合膜修饰GCE,即亚硝酸盐（NO2-）电化学传感器.伏安研究表明：PVN-GO复合膜对NO2-的电化学氧化具有良好的催化作用.借助于扫描电镜技术和电化学交流阻抗谱（EIS）技术,对PVN-GO复合膜的表面形貌和电导性进行了表征.最优的检测条件下,NO2-的检测线性范围为2.0 ×10^-8～1.1 ×10^-2mol/L,检出限低至5.0 ×10^-9 mol/L（S/N =3）.对传感器的性能进行了考核,结果表明：该NO2-传感器具有良好的稳定性和重现性,灵敏度高,选择性好.将传感器应用于南湖水样中亚硝酸盐含量的测定,结果令人满意.     

巯基苯胺聚合膜结合亲和素生物素放大的阻抗免疫传感器

将巯基苯胺(p-aminobenzenthiol,p-ABT)组装于金电极表面,进而电聚合形成稳定、致密、有序的p-ABT纳米复合膜界面,固定功能化的碳纳米管后,再通过引入亲和素-生物素放大系统,将生物素化羊抗人IgG同定于电极表面.用以检测hIgG,建立了一种高灵敏的电化学免疫阻抗传感器,获得传感器的线性范围为0.01～100 ng/mL,检测下限为0.075 ng/mL(R/N=3).     

Highly sensitive label-free immunosensor for ochratoxin A based on functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and EIS/SPR detection

A label-free immunosensor for the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) based on use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was developed. A gold electrode was modified using bovine serum albumin conjugate with a glutaraldehyde-thiolamine linker, creating a layer that prevents non-specific binding of OTA on gold. The OTA antibodies were attached to MNPs using the carbodiimide chemistry and afterwards were immobilized on the modified gold electrode using a strong magnetic field. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) were used to characterize each step in immunosensor development. The impedance variation due to the specific antibody-OTA interaction was correlated with the OTA concentration in the samples. The increase in electron-transfer resistance values was proportional to the concentration of OTA on a linear range between 0.01 and 5 ng/mL, with a detection limit of 0.01 ng/mL. SPR measurements showed a larger response range (1-50 ng/mL) with a detection limit of 0.94 ng/mL. Analytical results were in accordance with standard ELISA test kit.     

可再生使用的磁性纳米修饰C反应蛋白电流型免疫传感器

利用Fe3O4(核)/Au(壳)(简称GMPs)标记C反应蛋白酶标抗体(HRP-anti CRP),构建了一类新型的磁性纳米探针(HRP-anti CRP/GMPs),将其修饰在丝网印刷电极(SPCE)表面构建了可再生使用的CRP安培型酶联免疫传感器.首先将多壁碳纳米管(MCNTs) -硫堇(Thi) -Nafion复...     

基于Nafion-碳纳米管-球形二茂铁甲酸纳米复合物构建的电流型人绒毛膜促性腺激素免疫传感器的研究

该文采用超声溶剂置换方法合成球形二茂铁甲酸纳米粒子,以Nafion分散的多壁碳纳米管与球形二茂铁甲酸形成纳米复合物,并将该复合物固定在玻碳电极（GCE）表面,用EDC/NHS将二茂铁甲酸与L-半胱氨酸（L-Cys）交联,形成带有巯基官能团的复合膜,再键合沉积的纳米金（nano-Au）,并通过纳米金吸附人绒毛膜促性腺激素抗体（anti-HCG）,最后用牛血清蛋白（BSA）封闭电极上的非特异性吸附位点,从而制得人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）免疫传感器。实验结果表明,该免疫传感器的响应电流与HCG的浓度有良好的线性关系,其线性范围为0.05 mIU/mL-200 mIU/mL,检出限为0.015 mIU/mL。     

Alpha-1-fetoprotein antibody functionalized Au nanoparticles: Catalytic labels for the electrochemical detection of α-1-fetoprotein based on TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized with ionic liquid

A novel strategy for the preparation of amperometric immunosensor for rapid determination of α-1-fetoprotein (AFP) in human serum has been developed. TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by solvothermal reaction using TiCl₄ as raw materials and the mixture of ionic liquids and doubly distilled water as solvent. α-1-fetoprotein antibody (AFP Ab) was mixed with TiO₂ NPs/chitsotan (CHIT) solution and immobilized onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode. AFP (Ab) functionalized Au NPs were used as catalytic labels for the amperometric detection of AFP by means of the electrocatalyzed reduction of Au NPs to H₂O₂. The electrochemical behavior of the immunosensor was studied. Other experimental conditions such as pH, immunoreactions temperature and time were also studied. The prepared immunosensor offers an excellent amperometric response for AFP ranging from 1.0 to 160.0 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL. The result shows that the immunosensor displays rapid response, high sensitivity, good reproducibility and favorable stability.     

Electrochemical immunosensor for salbutamol detection based on CS-Fe3O4-PAMAM-GNPs nanocomposites and HRP-MWCNTs-Ab bioconjugates for signal amplification

An ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor based on chitosan-iron oxide-poly(amino-amine) dendrimers-gold nanoparticles (CS-Fe₃O₄-PAMAM-GNPs) nanocomposites and horseradish peroxidase-multiwall carbon nanotubes-antibody (HRP-MWCNTs-Ab) bioconjugates was developed for the detection of salbutamol (SAL). CS-Fe₃O₄-PAMAM-GNPs nanocomposites as immobilization matrix were used to enhance the electroactivity and stability of the electrode. HRP-MWCNTs-Ab bioconjugates as label were used to improve catalytic activity for hydrogen reduction of the electrode. Under the optimized conditions, a calibration plot for SAL was obtained with a linear range between 0.11 ng/mL and 1061 ng/mL (r = 0.9984). The detection limit was 0.06 ng/mL. The immunosensor was examined in real samples for the analysis of SAL.     

New amperometric immunosensor with response enhanced by PAMAM-dendrimers linked via self assembled monolayers for determination of alpha-fetoprotein in human serum

A new amperometric immunosensor for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), based on nanobiocomposite substrate and with response enhanced by polyamidoaminic (PAMAM) dendrimers was developed and characterized. The nanostructurated substrate obtained by electrochemical deposition of 100 nm-sized gold nanoparticles on glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) was functionalized by deposition of a SAM of 2-aminoethanethiol (AET), used as linker for the subsequent immobilization of polyamidoaminic dendrimers (PAMAM G.1.5). Two different modes were investigated for the reading of the assay: cyclic voltammetry (CV) or Double Step ChronoAmperometry (DSCA). Satisfying results in terms of response range and precision were reached with both methods. Immunosensors were tested and validated for AFP determination in human serum, showing a limit of detection of 3 ng/mL and a limit of quantitation of 15 ng/mL. The enhanced immunosensor has proved an attractive diagnostic tool able to match the needs of clinical monitoring purposes for AFP quantification in human serum at levels useful both for prognosis of pregnancy progression, and for the identification of the occurrence of neoplastic diseases.     

Sensitive electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of cancer biomarker using quantum dot functionalized graphene sheets as labels

Quantum dot (QD) functionalized graphene sheets (GS) were prepared and used as labels for the preparation of sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensors for the detection of a cancer biomarker (i.e., prostate specific antigen (PSA)). The primary anti-PSA antibody was also immobilized onto the GS. The immunosensor displayed a wide range of linear response (0.005-10 ng/mL), low detection limit (3 pg/mL), and good reproducibility, selectivity and stability. The immunosensor was used to detect PSA in patient serum samples with satisfactory results. Thus, this unique immunosensor may provide many applications in clinical diagnosis.     

基于琼脂糖和纳米金的电流型免疫传感器快速检测副溶血性弧菌

将HRP-anti-VP掺杂于琼脂糖和纳米金中并修饰于丝网印刷电极表面,从而制备副溶血性弧菌免疫电极.采用循环伏安法表征免疫电极和监测酶促反应,根据还原电流的变化来定量测定副溶血性弧菌.在优化的实验条件下,免疫电极线性检测范围为105～109 cfu/mL,检出限为7.4×104 cfu/mL(S/N=3).该免疫电极具备较好的特异性、重现性(RSD＜6%)、稳定性(一周后电流响应为初始值的91%)和准确性(与ELISA符合率为97.5%),可初步用于副溶血性弧菌的快速筛检.