Distributed network control for mobile multi-modal wireless sensor networks

A sensor network operates on an infrastructure of sensing, computation, and communication, through which it perceives the evolution of events it observes. We propose a fusion-driven distributed dynamic network controller, called MDSTC, for a multi-modal sensor network that incorporates distributed computation for in-situ assessment, prognosis, and optimal reorganization of constrained resources to achieve high quality multi-modal data fusion. For arbitrarily deployed sensors, a certain level of data quality cannot be guaranteed in sparse regions. MDSTC reallocates resources to sparse regions; reallocation of network resources in this manner is motivated by the fact that an increased density of sensor nodes in a region of interest leads to better quality data and enriches the network resilience. Simulation results in NS-2 show the effectiveness of the proposed MDSTC. ¹     

Effective target tracking mechanism in a self-organizing wireless sensor network

Target tracking is an important sensing application of wireless sensor networks. In these networks, energy, computing power, and communication bandwidth are scarce. We have considered a random heterogeneous wireless sensor network, which has several powerful nodes for data aggregation/relay and large number of energy-constrained sensor nodes that are deployed randomly to cover a given target area. In this paper, a cooperative approach to detect and monitor the path of a moving object using a minimum subset of nodes while maintaining coverage and network connectivity is proposed. It is tested extensively in a simulation environment and compared with other existing methods. The results of our experiments clearly indicate the benefits of our new approach in terms of energy consumption.     

基于无线传感器网络的战场目标跟踪

基于无线传感器网络,对目标定位跟踪应用进行了研究。在对目标定位跟踪时,如何既保证跟踪精度又能有效降低能量消耗,针对这个问题,提出了一种简便的加权坐标质心定位方法,通过对目标的定位,给出了一种基于测量信息的跟踪方法,方法实现简单。性能分析表明:提出的定位跟踪方法能有效地降低能量消耗,延长节点和网络寿命,基本可以满足战场目标跟踪需求。     

Local node selection for target tracking based on underwater wireless sensor networks

Traditional sonar-array-based target tracking algorithms may be unsuitable for on-demand tracking missions, since they assume that the sonar arrays should be towed or mounted by a submarine or a ship. Alternatively, underwater wireless sensor networks can offer a promising solution approach. First, each underwater node is battery-powered, so saving energy expenditure is a critical issue. Instead of keeping all sensor nodes active, this paper provides a local node selection (LNS) scheme which increases energy efficiency by waking up only a small part of nodes at each time. Second, considering node's limited computing ability and the real-time requirement for the tracking algorithm, instead of employing the centralised fusion structure, we utilise the distributed Kalman filtering fusion with feedback in this paper. Finally, instead of assuming one sensor node can uniquely determine target's location, a more practical range-only measurement model is proposed. Then the LNS scheme and distributed fusion with feedback are extended to our range-only measurement model. The simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of our scheme.     

应用压缩感知的无线传感器网络数据处理综述

研究了压缩感知在无线传感器网络数据处理方面的应用。介绍了压缩感知技术和无线传感器网络的发展及研究现状,并从数据融合、信号采集、信号路由传输以及信号重构4个方面,对近年来基于压缩感知的无线传感器网络数据处理研究进行了详尽的分析,提出数据安全的重要性。总结并展望了压缩感知技术未来的研究方向。     

基于灰色马尔可夫模型的无线传感器网络目标跟踪算法

基于预测的目标跟踪是无线传感器网络目标定位与跟踪中很重要的一种方法,但在实际环境中由于目标运动模式的动态变化等原因,传统预测算法对目标位置的预测往往不准确。为了克服以上不足,提出了一种基于灰色马尔可夫模型的目标跟踪（GMMTT）算法。将具有震荡特点的Markov模型引入到分段灰色预测中,使目标定位既能获得较好的精度,又能适应目标运动模式的变化。预测得到目标位置后,当前跟踪节点将跟踪信息传送到目标下一时刻将要到达的预测区域,提前唤醒该区域内的节点,用尽可能少的节点实现目标有效的跟踪。实验结果表明：GMMTY算法在跟踪概率和跟踪精度方面具有较好的性能。     

面向目标跟踪的传感器网络睡眠调度协议

移动目标跟踪是无线传感器网络中的一项重要应用,将睡眠调度机制引入到目标跟踪算法中可以大大降低能耗。针对目标跟踪的实际需求,提出一种面向目标跟踪的传感器网络睡眠调度协议。根据目标跟踪不同阶段,分别设计了目标跟踪前和跟踪过程中传感器节点的睡眠调度机制;另外给出了目标丢失时,如何唤醒节点继续跟踪目标的调度策略。结果表明:该算法能够在保证跟踪质量的同时,降低跟踪能耗。     

基于节点分布密度的传感器网络查询处理机制

为了使传感器网络在进行数据查询时降低能耗和提高网络生命期,引入了一种分布式查询处理机制。这种机制是先将查询分发到网络后再进行优化,这种方法更具有针对性,优化效果也更明显。分簇路由协议与分布式查询有着天然的结合点。每个簇头相当于传统数据库中的一个索引,负责查询的分析、优化和数据融合。簇头根据本区域的节点分布和数据特性可以自主地选择区域内结构而不受其他区域的影响,这样就可以把每个区域看成一个自治系统,而整个传感器网络就是多个自治系统的集合。结果表明：设计查询处理机制时考虑这些因素可以降低能耗和提高网络生命期。     

无线传感器网络中移动目标的定位与跟踪

对侵入无线传感器网络中的目标,提出了一种移动节点和静态节点相结合的定位与跟踪方式.静态节点可以发现侵入传感器网络中的目标,移动节点与静态节点配合进一步确定目标的具体位置.仿真实验验证表明:该方法可以减少大规模的频繁移动节点,不需要过多地对移动节点的选择和运动进行特别复杂的计算,具有较好的定位精度和鲁棒性,对多目标的定位与跟踪研究有一定的启发作用.     

无线传感器网络下分布式决策融合方法综述

分布式决策融合方法以其成本低廉、可靠性高、生存能力强、带宽要求低等优点而在多传感器检测系统特别是无线传感器网络中具有广阔的应用前景,但是传感器网络具有有限的能量、有限的计算能力、有限的通讯带宽,以及存在无线信道衰落、传输错误和干扰噪声对分布式决策融合理论带来挑战。介绍了分布式检测和决策融合的理论基础,对近年来无线传感器网络下的分布式决策融合理论方法及其研究进展进行了详细的综述,分析并展望了该领域存在的问题和前景,探讨了进一步的研究方向。     

基于无线传感器网络的同时定位与跟踪

研究无线传感器网络在位置信息不确定时,同时定位无线传感器网络节点并跟踪移动目标。利用RSSI测量节点对之间的距离,多维定标技术根据距离矩阵完成传感器网络的初始定位。估计与更新阶段提出了压缩EKF滤波确定传感器节点位置和目标位置。仿真结果显示:算法在较低的网络覆盖率下有较高的定位和跟踪准确度,在初始定位误差为5m时,节点和跟踪误差均小于3m,特别是在长距离的跟踪任务中有很好的精度和实时性。     

Distributed data source verification in wireless sensor networks

In-network data aggregation is favorable for wireless sensor networks (WSNs): It allows in-network data processing while reducing the network traffic and hence saving the sensors energy. However, due to the distributed and unattended nature of WSNs, several attacks aiming at compromising the authenticity of the collected data could be perpetrated. For example, an adversary could capture a node to create clones of the captured one. These clones disseminated through the network could provide malicious data to the aggregating node, thus poisoning/disrupting the aggregation process. In this paper we address the problem of detecting cloned nodes; a requirement to be fulfilled to provide authenticity of the data fusion process.First, we analyze the desirable properties a distributed clone detection protocol should meet. Specifically: It should avoid having a single point of failure; the load should be totally distributed across the nodes in the network; the position of the clones in the network should not influence the detection probability. We then show that current solutions do not meet the exposed requirements. Next, we propose the Information Fusion Based Clone Detection Protocol (ICD). ICD is a probabilistic, completely distributed protocol that efficiently detects clones. ICD combines two cryptographic mechanisms: The pseudo-random key pre-distribution, usually employed to secure node pairwise communications, with a sparing use of asymmetric crypto primitives. We show that ICD matches all the requirements above mentioned and compare its performance with current solutions in the literature; experimental results show that ICD has better performance than existing solutions for all the cost parameters considered: Number of messages sent, per sensor storage requirement, and signature verification. These savings allow to increase the network operating lifetime. Finally, note that ICD protocol could be used as an independent layer by any data aggregation mechanism.     

基于无线传感器网络的光电信号采集系统设计

针对目前一些大型构件吊装系统中光电信号采集系统存在的布线复杂,可扩展性差,信号采集和转换效率低,数据传输能力弱等问题.分析了传统光电采集系统的缺陷,利用无线传感器网络技术,提出了一种新的光电信号采集系统,该系统以STM32F103ZET6为主控器,nRF24L01为无线传输模块.给出了系统的软硬件实现方法,并将其应用于硅光电池(PC50-6)作为传感器部件的信号采集.实验结果表明:该新型系统在信号采集的速度和精度方面有了明显的提高,能够满足系统的要求,为无线传感网络在光电信号采集应用方面做了一定的探索.     

A distributed energy-efficient clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks

Minimizing energy dissipation and maximizing network lifetime are among the central concerns when designing applications and protocols for sensor networks. Clustering has been proven to be energy-efficient in sensor networks since data routing and relaying are only operated by cluster heads. Besides, cluster heads can process, filter and aggregate data sent by cluster members, thus reducing network load and alleviating the bandwidth. In this paper, we propose a novel distributed clustering algorithm where cluster heads are elected following a three-way message exchange between each sensor and its neighbors. Sensor’s eligibility to be elected cluster head is based on its residual energy and its degree. Our protocol has a message exchange complexity of O(1) and a worst-case convergence time complexity of O(N). Simulations show that our algorithm outperforms EESH, one of the most recently published distributed clustering algorithms, in terms of network lifetime and ratio of elected cluster heads.     

无线传感器网络中数据融合算法研究

在提供高效的数据融合的同时保障数据的安全是无线传感器网络的研究的一个具有挑战性的问题。本文为加法融合函数设计了一种具有隐私保护功能的数据融合算法——基于分簇的安全数据融合。该算法利用了分簇协议和多项式的代数性质。其优点为带来的通信开销较小。研究的主要目标是提高无线传感器网络中数据融合效率的同时,保证数据的安全性。     

基于最短路径的异类传感器网络分布式拓扑控制

针对异类传感器网络提出了一种基于最短路径的分布式拓扑控制（SPD/TC）算法。该算法利用网络中所有节点的局部信息保持网络的连通性,同时,利用最短路径算法计算链接权值的大小来进行拓扑结构的调整。将该算法与DRNG算法的节点度和平均链接长度进行仿真分析,仿真结果表明：该算法能更有效降低干扰,节省网络能量,提高了网络的性能。     

基于视频传感器网络的目标跟踪模型研究

提出了一种基于视频传感器网络的模型,其核心思想是通过视频节点和非视频节点相互协作建立模型,对目标进行探测、跟踪和定位。在探测和跟踪阶段,通过非视频节点对目标进行探测。目标在移动过程中,由非视频节点实时地跟踪目标大致的移动方向和位置;在定位阶段,由视频节点完成对目标准确定位。仿真结果表明,在节点随机部署的情况下,该模型可以有效地实现对目标区域的全覆盖,通过非视频节点和视频节点的相互协作,发挥了非视频节点对目标探测和跟踪的优势,以及视频节点对目标准确定位特性。     

Data fusion for target tracking in wireless sensor networks using quantized innovations and Kalman filtering

A novel networked data-fusion method is developed for the target tracking in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Specifically, this paper investigates data fusion scheme under the communication constraint between the fusion center and each sensor. Such a message constraint is motivated by the bandwidth limitation of the communication links, fusion center, and by the limited power budget of local sensors. In the proposed scheme, each sensor collects one noise-corrupted sample, performs a quantizing operation, and transmits quantized message to the fusion center. Then the fusion center combines the received quantized messages to produce a final estimate. The novel data-fusion method is based on the quantized measurement innovations and decentralized Kalman filtering (DKF) with feedback. For the proposed algorithm, the performance analysis of the estimation precision is provided. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

基于改进粒子滤波器的WSNs目标跟踪算法

提出了一种适用于无线传感器网络(WSNs)的目标跟踪算法,该算法基于改进型粒子滤波器(PF),根据当前的预测值优化PF的方向值,从而保证精确地预测到目标的移动方向;修改了目标突发变化引起的粒子滤波器预测误差,能够很好地跟踪目标移动过程中的异常、突发的移动变化.仿真结果表明:该目标跟踪算法采用新的粒子滤波器之后,可以获得...