分块双向二维主成分分析与模糊分类的掌纹识别

掌纹识别是一门新兴的生物特征识别技术。提出基于分块双向二维主成分分析(M(2D)2PCA)和模糊分类的掌纹识别方法。该算法利用M(2D)2PCA提取掌纹的局部特征,并利用模糊分类策略。这种方法可以有效提取掌纹的局部特征,并且直接对子图像矩阵进行特征抽取,能够精确计算协方差矩阵的特征向量;分类阶段引入模糊理论,应用于掌纹识别问题。最后使用北京交通大学掌纹数据库进行识别实验,结果表明,该方法可得到更高的识别率和更少的识别时间。     

鲁棒主元分析在掌纹识别中的应用

为了对存在异常值的图像构建低维线性子空间的描述,提出用鲁棒主元分析(RPCA)的新方法进行掌纹识别。运用图像下抽样方法降低掌纹空间的维数,在低维图像上应用RPCA提取低维的投影向量,然后将训练图像和待识别图像向投影向量上投影得到鲁棒主元特征,计算特征向量间的余弦距离进行掌纹匹配。运用PolyU掌纹图像库进行测试,结果表明,与主元分析(PCA)、独立元分析(ICA)和核主元分析(KPCA)相比,RPCA算法的识别率最高为99%,特征提取和匹配总时间0.032 s,满足了实时系统的要求。     

分辨率LBP的掌纹特征提取

为了研究NSCT变换(nonsubsampled contourlet transform,NSCT)和局部二值模式(local binary pattern,LBP)在掌纹识别应用方面的可行性和性能,提出了一种基于NSCT变换与局部二值模式相结合的掌纹特征提取算法.该方法能够较好地提取皱褶、乳突纹等掌纹的细节特征,并且能够有效减少掌纹识别中由于图像的平移、旋转和光照对识别结果造成的影响.使用NSCT变换可以稀疏地表示二维奇异曲线并且变换本身具有平移不变性;而LBP算子是一种有效的纹理描述算子并且该算子具有很好的灰度和旋转不变性.首先对掌纹图像进行NSCT变换,然后对变换后的掌纹子图提取局部多分辨率和多尺度的LBP特征.实验结果表明,该算法能够更好地表达掌纹纹线的细节和结构特征,对掌纹图像有更高的鉴别性.     

融合水平梯度与局部信息强度的掌纹识别算法

掌纹纹线特征是掌纹最有效的特征.由于在采集掌纹时不可避免地会产生尺度不一致、细微的旋转或平移等问题,使得准确地提取以及描述纹线特征成为掌纹识别的一大难点.针对这一问题,提出了一种融合水平梯度与局部信息强度的掌纹识别算法(Horizontal Gradient-Local Information Intensity,HG-LII).首先,使用不同的均值滤波模板消除细小、不规则、不稳定的掌纹纹线特征,对处理后的图像使用水平梯度算子得到水平方向的梯度图像,并进行二值化;其次使用分块思想计算掌纹纹线的信息强度,并将其作为特征向量;最后采用卡方距离进行匹配,判断掌纹所属类别.在PolyU掌纹库上的实验结果表明,该算法识别率达到99.89％,与传统的提取纹线算法相比,识别率有明显的提高,表明了该算法的有效性.     

稀疏表示的手掌图像识别研究

针对手掌位置、光照、采集设备等外界因素会影响掌纹图像的识别率以及传统稀疏重构的分类方法计算复杂度高的问题.提出融合双向二维主成分分析((2D)2PCA)与压缩感知的掌纹识别方法,将L1范数最小化重构算法替换成分类正交匹配追踪(COMP)算法,以降低复杂度.首先利用双向二维主成分分析对掌纹图像行列两个方向进行降维,提取特征矩阵,做为压缩感知算法的过完备字典.然后通过分类正交匹配追踪算法(COMP)求解图像在过完备字典上的稀疏表示,以得到一组最优稀疏系数重构每个图像.最后求得测试图像与各类重构图像的最小残差得出分类结果.基于北京交通大学掌纹库的实验结果表明,主成分分析与压缩感知方法可有效降低计算复杂度,对于光照不均匀和有位置变化的掌纹具有一定的鲁棒性,具有良好的掌纹识别性能,可以得到较高的掌纹识别率.     

融合全局和局部方向特征的掌纹识别方法

摘 要：掌纹识别是受到较多关注的生物特征识别技术之一。在各类掌纹识别的方法中, 基于方向特征的方法取得了很好的效果。为了进一步提升识别精度,提出一种融合全局和局部 方向特征的掌纹识别算法,主要融合了基于方向编码的方法、基于方向特征局部描述子的方法 和结合方向特征和相关滤波器的方法。其中前 2 种方法属于空间域方法,可很好地提取掌纹的 局部方向特征;而第 3 种方法属于频域方法,能有效地提取全局方向特征。在匹配值层对该 3 种方法的识别结果进行融合。本文算法在 2 个掌纹数据库上进行了验证,实验结果表明,本文 方法的识别性能明显优于其他几种掌纹识别方法。     

基于曲面曲率和RLDA的3D掌纹识别方法

提出一种新的3D掌纹识别方法,利用掌纹曲面的3D曲率信息提高当前2D掌纹识别算法的精确度和鲁棒性。首先因曲率是3维物体的重要表征,能够与视点无关地表现曲面的局部形状,不管手掌发生旋转或者平移,曲率信息都是稳定的,因此提取3D掌纹的均值曲面曲率特征来刻画3D掌纹的曲面特征;继而获得3D掌纹映射到2D空间上的灰度图像——均值曲率图像(MCI);然后在获得的MCI上采用正则化的LDA(RLDA)方法来进行二次特征抽取,以消除传统线性判别分析(LDA)应用于识别时存在的小样本问题和优化准则函数并不直接与识别率相关等问题。实验结果表明,所提出的方法相比与传统的LDA、PCA、ICA、LPP等方法有更高的精度和速度。     

改进Contourlet变换的3D掌纹图像识别

提出一种基于改进Contourlet变换的3D掌纹图像识别方法;该方法通过形状指数将3D掌纹图像映射成灰度图像,以克服常用的均值或高斯曲率映射难于精确描述3D掌纹特征的缺点;基于此,将7/5滤波器引入Contourlet变换,并在变换域提取形状指数映射图各方向子带的均值与方差作为掌纹图像的特征信息,从而有效利用了Contourlet变换优越的方向特征表达能力,又可有效消除传统Contourlet变换各子图像存在的相关性;最后采用欧氏距离最近邻分类法,实现了测试图像的分类识别。实验结果表明,针对香港理工大学所提供的三维掌纹数据库,该方法总体识别率较PCA方法提高了2.9%,具有明显的优势。     

对扭转鲁棒的SIFT图像匹配在商标识别中的应用

为识别任意角度扭转的货品商标图像,提出了对扭转鲁棒的SIFT图像局部匹配算法。通过模拟商标图像的垂直和水平多角度扭转,对数据库中所有商标图像提取多组SIFT特征。提取查询图像的SIFT特征,并与库中特征进行匹配从而识别商标。提出了一种仅采样少量角度来近似模拟任意角度图像扭转的方法。实验结果表明,该方法在1000幅商品图像集上正确匹配率高于传统的SIFT算法,可从各种角度的图像中有效地检测到商标图像。     

掌纹图像的获取及其预处理*

提出了一种无限制的获取掌纹图像的方法,并使用该方法构建了掌纹库.该掌纹库可以成为掌纹识别算法训练集和测试集的来源,也可以成为进一步推进掌纹识别研究与发展的基础.在该掌纹库的基础上,对掌纹库中的掌纹图像进行了预处理,将原始图像二值化后利用定位点自动检测技术检测出掌纹图像中两个关键的定位点,并以此为基础对掌纹图像进行旋转校正,最后切取一定区域的掌纹子图,为进一步提取掌纹特征打下了较好的基础.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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