稀疏相似性度量的模糊鉴别分析方法

稀疏表示的数学本质就是稀疏正则化约束下的信号分解.提出一种稀疏相似性的模糊鉴别分析方法.首先,各高维图像样本划分成若干相同大小的局部块并以脊波序列表示,其次通过一种新型稀疏学习算法获得系数分解和对应的稀疏相似性度量,由此构造出稀疏相似度嵌入的模糊鉴别分析准则.该方法利用新型稀疏监督学习作为特征提取工具,克服了传统鉴别分析方法缺乏样本间结构知识的缺点,可有效解决高维非线性小样本问题.在ORL和FERET人脸数据库上的实验结果验证了算法的有效性.     

分块最大相似性嵌入稀疏编码的人脸识别

图像相似性先验嵌入的方法能有效提升基于稀疏编码表示的人脸识别在低维特征空间的识别性能.针对非受控人脸图像存在表情变化、部分遮挡和伪装的问题,提出基于图像分块的最大相似性嵌入稀疏编码表示的人脸识别方法.该方法首先将训练图像和测试图像进行同样的非重叠分块;然后计算测试图像与各训练图像对应分块间的相似性,并以其最大值度量图像间的相似性;最后将提取的最大块相似性信息嵌入到稀疏编码表示的人脸识别中.在AR标准人脸库上的测试表明,与全局相似性嵌入的加权稀疏编码表示分类方法相比,文中方法在训练样本和测试样本同时存在表情变化、遮挡和伪装的人脸识别中具有较大的性能提升.     

基于稀疏表示和结构自相似性的单幅图像盲解卷积算法

图像盲解卷积研究当模糊核未知时,如何从模糊图像复原出原始清晰图像.由于盲解卷积是一个欠定问题,现有的盲解卷积算法都直接或间接地利用各种先验知识.本文提出了一种结合稀疏表示与结构自相似性的单幅图像盲解卷积算法,该算法将图像的稀疏性先验和结构自相似性先验作为正则化约束加入到图像盲解卷积的目标函数中,并利用图像不同尺度间的结构自相似性,将观测模糊图像的降采样图像作为稀疏表示字典的训练样本,保证清晰图像在该字典下的稀疏性.最后利用交替求解的方式估计模糊核和清晰图像.模拟和真实数据上的实验表明本文算法能够准确估计模糊核,复原清晰的图像边缘,并具有很好的鲁棒性.     

基于三元空间融合的模糊人脸图像特征相似度识别

提出一种基于三元空间融合的模糊人脸图像特征相似度识别方法.通过建立模糊人脸图像特征相似度投影矩阵,将模糊人脸图像映射到同一个特征表示空间,得到维数一致的特征向量;针对10种LIH特征相似度进行分析,确定模糊人脸图像特征相似度信息能量百分比;使用三元空间融合技术中编码的方式描述模糊人脸图像中的特征描述子,基于三元空间融合提取局部特征描述子;通过设计对称表示相似性度量方法,取得最完整的特征相似度识别结果.实验结果表明,该方法可以实现模糊人脸图像特征相似度精准识别,其特征相似度识别分辨率明显高于传统方法.     

基于项目属性和云填充的协同过滤推荐算法

传统协同过滤推荐算法中经常因用户评分矩阵极端稀疏而导致相似性度量方法不准,推荐质量不高,针对这一问题,提出一种基于项目属性和云填充的协同过滤推荐算法。利用云模型对用户评分矩阵进行填充,在填充矩阵基础上,利用传统的相似性计算方法得到项目之间的评分相似性,同时结合项目属性,计算项目的属性相似性,通过加权因子得到项目的最终相似性,从而形成一种新的相似性度量方法。实验结果表明, 提出的算法可有效解决传统方法中由于数据稀疏所导致的相似性度量不准确的问题, 并显著地提高了算法的推荐精度。     

基于云填充和混合相似性的协同过滤推荐算法的研究

针对传统推荐算法的相似性度量准确性不高及数据极端稀疏性等问题,提出一种基于云填充和混合相似性的协同过滤推荐算法。首先通过云模型填充用户-项目评分矩阵,然后对相似性度量方法进行改进,将基于时间序列的用户间影响力融合到基于Jaccard系数的相似性度量方法中。在MovieLens数据集上的验证结果表明,改进后的算法提高了推荐精度同时在一定程度上克服了数据稀疏性的影响。     

基于核方法的光谱角制图模型及其在高光谱图像分割中的应用

在分析传统光谱角制图方法的几何属性和相似性度量特点的基础上，提出一种新的光谱相似性度量方法。该方法首先利用非线性变换将原始光谱向量变换到一个新的特征空间。其次，在特征空间中，利用协方差矩阵的非零特征向量构造了一组正交基，并将变换后的光谱向量投影到特征空间中的正交基上。高光谱图像分割实验结果表明该方法在光谱相似性度量上优于传统的光谱角制图方法。     

基于扩张矩阵的模糊特征选择算法

在模糊分类器系统中,通常要将模式的原始特征投影到模糊空间,在模糊空间上进行特征选择,并在此基础上构建模糊决策规则.本文在对原始特征模糊化的基础上提出了一种构造模糊扩张矩阵的方法,它结合了常规扩张矩阵的优点和模糊集的特性,然后设计了一种基于模糊扩张矩阵的求解当特征取值为隶属度时的最优模糊特征子集的启发式算法,并从理论上证明了其正确性,也通过现实世界的数据集验证了它的较高效率.同时,该算法对基于集理论的模糊集相似性度量公式具有一定的鲁棒性.     

PEV：一种新的用于Item—Based协同过滤算法的相似性度量方法

在Item-Based协同过滤算法中,项目之间相似性的度量是整个算法的关键.通过分析传统的相似性度量方法在系统评分数据稀疏的情况下所存在的弊端,提出一种新的用于Item-Based协同过滤算法的相似性度量方法,该方法从邻近度、影响力、有用性三个方面综合考虑了用户评分对项目相似性的影响.实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地避免传统相似性度量方法所存在的问题,使得数据稀疏性对最终推荐结果的负面影响变小,在一定程度上提高系统的推荐精度.     

一种改进的颜色共生矩阵纹理描述符

利用模糊连续三角模运算定义的相似性度量描述彩色图像中像素点之间的差异程度,提出一种改进的颜色纹理特征描述符。该描述符首先将彩色图像多通道颜色信息按照间隔距离和方向进行有效融合并转换为伪灰度图像,然后再用灰度共生矩阵法提取图像的纹理特征矢量。在基于内容的图像检索测试平台上完成的实验表明,改进的纹理描述符所需特征矢量的维数与灰度共生矩阵描述符相同,而描述能力却能与各类颜色共生矩阵描述符相当,有效地实现了图像中纹理和颜色特征融合提取,提高了图像检索性能。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate