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1.
基于2006年9月10日空间分辨率为30 m的TM影像与DEM数据,通过雪盖指数法自动提取积雪范围与目视解译结果进行对比,以粗糙度为度量,定性、定量分析影响其不确定性的地表覆被和地形因素。结果表明:①当NDSI阈值取0.57~0.72和0.4~0.8时,结果有明显差异,取0.57~0.72时漏分像元比0.4~0.8稍多,但是误分像元大幅减少;②同处于阴影区裸地的光谱曲线与积雪的光谱曲线相似,造成阴影区的积雪与裸地不能正确区分,此外处于阴影区域的植被由于反射率较低,使其NDSI刚好在阈值范围内,被误分为积雪;③半阴坡雪盖指数法提取积雪的不确定性最小,而阳坡、半阳坡雪盖指数法提取积雪的不确定性最大;④雪盖指数法提取积雪的不确定性随着坡度的增加呈下降趋势,即坡度越大不确定性越小。  相似文献   

2.
MODIS积雪产品及研究应用概述   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
MODIS是新一代图谱合一的光谱成像仪,适合进行雪情监测。概要介绍了MODIS积雪产品及NDSI算法在积雪制图方面的应用,也介绍了MODIS积雪产品在国内外研究应用的现状和今后的发展趋势。并且给出了应用MODIS数据制作内蒙古雪盖图的实例。  相似文献   

3.
积雪反照率在全球气候系统中的作用显著。由于目前遥感手段的限制,积雪反照率遥感产品存在显著的数据缺失和误差不确定性。研究对遥感积雪反照率反演模型进行精度评估,开展以渐进辐射传输理论(ART)为代表的积雪反照率遥感反演算法验证工作,分别比较MODIS、TM/ETM+数据在反演积雪反照率时的差异和准确性。结果表明:利用ART模型对积雪反射率进行各向异性校正后反演得到的积雪反照率精度优于MOD10A1积雪反照率;高分辨率遥感影像在反演积雪反照率时精度明显高于低分辨率遥感影像;针对地形复杂的高寒山区,尺度效应对积雪反照率的反演会产生极大影响。  相似文献   

4.
卫星雪盖信息的准确提取受到很多因素的影响,本文选用11幅玛纳斯河流域Landsat ETM+影像,应用归一化差值积雪指数NDSI区分积雪与其他地物,分析传感器增益、大气因素、地形效应对雪盖信息提取造成影响的原因,并定量计算各因素影响程度的大小。研究结果表明,成像过程传感器高低增益对卫星雪盖信息提取的影响非常大,大气因素的影响相对较小,NDSI对地形不具有适应性,尤其在阴影区进行积雪判读不适用。  相似文献   

5.
MODIS影像因其共享性和时间序列的完整性而成为大区域积雪监测研究广泛使用的数据源,进行MODIS影像波段间融合,能够为积雪研究提供较高分辨率的影像数据源。为了充分利用MODIS影像250 m分辨率波段的空间和光谱信息,提取亚像元级的积雪面积,使用两种具有高光谱保真度的影像融合方法:基于SFIM变换和基于小波变换的融合方法,采取不同的波段组合策略,对MODIS影像bands 1~2和bands 3~7进行融合,并以Landsat TM影像的积雪分类图作为“真值”,对融合后影像进行混合像元分解得到的积雪丰度图的精度进行评价。结果表明:利用基于SFIM变换和小波变换方法融合后影像提取的积雪分类图精度较高,数量精度为75%,比未融合影像积雪分类图的精度提高了6%,表明MODIS影像波段融合是一种提取高精度积雪信息的有效方法。  相似文献   

6.
基于MODIS数据的玛纳斯河山区雪盖时空分布分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
基于2000~2010年的MODIS/Terra积雪8 d合成数据(MOD10A2)与DEM数据,通过计算和分析积雪频率与积雪覆盖率,研究了新疆玛纳斯河山区雪盖的时空分布特征。结果表明:① 研究区一月份积雪覆盖丰富,积雪频率高值区主要分布在北部中低山地区、南部中海拔地区以及清水河与塔西河的河源地区;四月与十月的雪盖分布规律相似,总体上积雪频率随高程上升而上升;七月份只有少部分高山区域被积雪覆盖;② 积雪频率始终保持较高水平的区域是玛纳斯河、金沟河、清水河以及塔西河的河源高山地区,而玛纳斯河流域中上游的河谷地区则始终保持较低水平;③ 一月份,1 400 m以下地区的积雪覆盖率超过95%,随着高程上升,迅速下降至2 600 m的最低值约41%,此后逐渐上升至5 000 m以上80%左右;④ 一月、四月和十月份积雪覆盖率在大部分高程带上均表现为北坡、东北坡和西北坡最高,东坡和西坡次之,南坡、东南坡和西南坡最低的规律;七月份各高程带的雪盖分布没有明显的坡向差异。  相似文献   

7.
由于云与积雪在可见光和远红外波段都具有相似的光谱特征,使得光学遥感监测积雪受到天气的严重干扰,如何消除亚像元尺度上MODIS积雪覆盖率(Snow Cover Fraction,SCF)产品中云的干扰成为了一个亟待解决的难题。通过分析亚像元尺度上SCF分布的空间变异性,提出了一种基于克里金空间插值的MODIS SCF产品去云方法,分别利用普通克里金(Ordinary Kriging,OK)和以海拔为协变量的普通协克里金(Ordinary Co\|Kriging,OCK)进行去云实验。11个不同日期的实验结果表明:OK和OCK方法在MODIS SCF产品去云中均能达到较高的精度,特别是在云覆盖率低于20%的情况下,此时OCK的精度要好于OK;而当云覆盖率大于20%时,OK的精度略高于OCK,但两者的精度都明显低于云覆盖率低于20%的情况,而且平滑效应都比较明显。  相似文献   

8.
森林覆盖区积雪的提取精度很低,由于植被冠层的遮挡,冠层下的积雪很难被提取出来。基于Landsat 8OLI数据,针对玛纳斯河流域下游有大面积森林覆盖的特点,通过传统的积雪指数法,结合NDVI数据的积雪指数法和面向对象图像特征法分别提取积雪面积。结果表明:1传统的NDSI和S3积雪指数法无法较好地提取出森林覆盖下的积雪,提取精度分别为85.23%和87.54%。这两种方法适用于空间尺度较大、植被覆盖面积较大的区域,并不适合所选研究区;2结合NDVI数据后的NDSI、S3积雪指数模型能大大提高森林覆盖下的积雪面积,提取精度分别达到91.47%和90.60%。在影像空间分辨率较高,流域尺度较小,林区覆盖较多的情况下可采用此方法提取积雪;3随着海拔的升高,地形阴影影响逐渐增大,NDVI辅助积雪指数方法提取林区覆盖下积雪面积逐渐减小。因此采用光谱、纹理和空间信息结合的面向对象图像特征方法提取积雪,能够较好地识别出受地形影响下的雪像元,精度达到89.75%,可以满足实际应用的需求。  相似文献   

9.
渐进辐射传输模型(Asymptotic Radiative Transfer,ART)广泛应用于雪粒径反演,但是ART模型忽略了像元混合的影响。在本文中,ART模型被应用于混合像元分解之中,考虑积雪粒径变化的影响,提出了两种混合像元分解算法,用以同时获取雪粒径和积雪面积。第一种算法是采用均方根误差指标获取每个像元的最优雪粒径,使用全约束线性分解算法(FCLS)反演积雪面积。另一种算法使用通用梯度下降算法(GRG)获取每个像元的最优粒径,仍然采用全约束线性分解算法获取积雪面积。为了提高模型的运行效率,单波段ART算法用来获取影像的雪粒径,将之作为两种算法的先验知识。同时,MODSCAG模型反演的结果也被用于进行交叉对比,实验结果表明,两种算法比MODSCAG模型的反演结果更为精确。  相似文献   

10.
多尺度卫星雪盖面积获取的对比研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
系统地开展尺度和尺度效应的研究,综合利用日益增多的不同分辨率的遥感影像数据,是地球空间信息科学发展的趋势之一。作为多尺度转换大命题中的前期工作,旨在通过试验的手段检验不同尺度产品的真实性,发现多尺度转换中潜在的各种问题,以及探索可行性的尺度转换方法,为进一步的多尺度转换研究工作提供良好的背景知识。多尺度雪盖面积的获取,包括两样区1 m分辨率野外人工子像元雪盖、两样区30 m分辨率子像元重采样雪盖、30 m Hyperion和TM卫星反演雪盖、以及MODIS 500 m分辨率的MOD10A1雪盖日产品。通过对上述不同尺度获取的雪盖面积的相互对比研究,我们发现:①1 m样区的雪盖>30 m重采样雪盖>30 m Hyperion和TM的雪盖 ;②若把1 m样区看做500 m像元的单点试验,该单点不能完全正确地表征同位置像元上的地物特征 ;③MOD10A1产品有云覆盖地区,宜采用前后雪盖合成的方法来辅助判断并恢复当日云层下的地表类型。同时,通过对各像元级尺度的雪盖面积的真实性检验,我们也发现尺度转换需关注的潜在关键问题:①精确的像元匹配 ;②重采样方式 ;③数据获取时间以及产品时间序列 ;④多传感器图像处理 ;⑤产品算法的影响 ;⑥混合像元的影响 ;⑦试验样方的大小设计 ;⑧地面同步物理参数的测量 ;⑨空间异质性的定量表达。  相似文献   

11.
Accurate areal measurements of snow cover extent are important for hydrological and climate modeling. The traditional method of mapping snow cover is binary where a pixel is considered either snow-covered or snow-free. Fractional snow cover (FSC) mapping can achieve a more precise estimate of areal snow cover extent by estimating the fraction of a pixel that is snow-covered. The most common snow fraction methods applied to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images have been spectral unmixing and an empirical Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI). Machine learning is an alternative for estimating FSC as artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been successfully used for estimating the subpixel abundances of other surfaces. The advantages of ANNs are that they can easily incorporate auxiliary information such as land cover type and are capable of learning nonlinear relationships between surface reflectance and snow fraction. ANNs are especially applicable to mapping snow cover extent in forested areas where spatial mixing of surface components is nonlinear. This study developed a multilayer feed-forward ANN trained through backpropagation to estimate FSC using MODIS surface reflectance, NDSI, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and land cover as inputs. The ANN was trained and validated with higher spatial-resolution FSC maps derived from Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) binary snow cover maps. Testing of the network was accomplished over training and independent test areas. The developed network performed adequately with RMSE of 12% over training areas and slightly less accurately over the independent test scenes with RMSE of 14%. The developed ANN also compared favorably to the standard MODIS FSC product. The study also presents a comprehensive validation of the standard MODIS snow fraction product whose performance was found to be similar to that of the ANN.  相似文献   

12.
Snow-cover information is important for a wide variety of scientific studies, water supply and management applications. The NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) provides improved capabilities to observe snow cover from space and has been successfully using a normalized difference snow index (NDSI), along with threshold tests, to provide global, automated binary maps of snow cover. The NDSI is a spectral band ratio that takes advantage of the spectral differences of snow in short-wave infrared and visible MODIS spectral bands to identify snow versus other features in a scene. This study has evaluated whether there is a “signal” in the NDSI that could be used to estimate the fraction of snow within a 500 m MODIS pixel and thereby enhance the use of the NDSI approach in monitoring snow cover. Using Landsat 30-m observations as “ground truth,” the percentage of snow cover was calculated for 500-m cells. Then a regression relationship between 500-m NDSI observations and fractional snow cover was developed over three different snow-covered regions and tested over other areas. The overall results indicate that the relationship between fractional snow cover and NDSI is reasonably robust when applied locally and over large areas like North America. The relationship offers advantages relative to other published fractional snow cover algorithms developed for global-scale use with MODIS. This study indicates that the fraction of snow cover within a MODIS pixel using this approach can be provided with a mean absolute error less than 0.1 over the range from 0.0 to 1.0 in fractional snow cover.  相似文献   

13.
Google Earth Engine(GEE) is a cloud\|based geospatial processing platform that can analyze geospatial data to achieve parallel processing of massive remote sensing data on a global scale,providing support for remote sensing big data and large\|area research.MODIS snow cover mapping is a global snow cover product established using MODIS data and has been widely used in regional and global climate and environmental monitoring.In the GEE,millions of remote sensing images are stored,including MODIS daily snow products MOD10A1 V5 data and Landsat data.Taking the three research areas in southwestern Xinjiang as examples,the Landsat stored by the GEE were selected,and the NDSI was used to extract the snow cover as the true value of the land cover to evaluate the MOD10A1 accuracy.The results show that the average overall accuracy of MOD10A1 in the snow cover season in southwestern Xinjiang during the period from 2000 to 2016 is 82%,the average misjudgment rate is 2.9%,and the average missed rate is 58.8%.The overall accuracy of MOD10A1 can reach 98% under the clear sky conditions.The accuracy of MOD10A1 is effected by the terrain conditions and cloud cover in different regions.Therefore,the GEE can quickly and effectively filter high quality cloudless Landsat images,and evaluate the accuracy of the MOD10A1 in the snow area around the global regions,displaying intuitively the misjudgment and missed areas in the form of online maps.Meanwhile,GEE provides the Landsat simple cloud score function to calculate the regional cloud cover,which makes the influence of cloud cover on the MOD10A1 accuracy assessment more regionally representative.  相似文献   

14.
卫星遥感雪盖制图方法对比与分析   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10  
利用LandsatTM、NOAA/AVHRR和中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)三个平台传感器的遥感数据,分别使用训练样本监督分类、阈值数字信号统计、雪盖指数方法制作雪盖图和提取积雪面积。结果表明:不同传感器遥感图像因时相和时空分辨率的差异,提取积雪信息的有效方法有所不同。但基于反射特性的雪盖指数计算法具有普遍的实际操作性意义,即雪盖制图精度高,分类合理,是提取积雪信息的最佳技术手段;当使用监督积雪分类时,只有取得精确的信号文件,分类结果才是可信的;而阈值数字信号统计的雪的阈值确定具有很大的经验性和随机性,但对数据不完整或只有单波段时也不失为有效和简便的途径;山影补偿处理法基本可以消除地形阴影的影响;而去云后其覆盖下的积雪恢复技术值得进一步讨论。  相似文献   

15.
This study describes a comprehensive method to produce routinely regional maps of seasonal snow cover in the Southern Alps of New Zealand (upper Waitaki basin) on a subpixel basis, and with the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The method uses an image fusion algorithm to produce snow maps at an improved 250 m spatial resolution in addition to the 500 m resolution snow maps. An iterative approach is used to correct imagery for both atmospheric and topographic effects using daily observations of atmospheric parameters. The computation of ground spectral reflectance enabled the use of image-independent end-members in a constrained linear unmixing technique to achieve a robust estimation of subpixel snow fractions. The accuracy of the snow maps and performance of the algorithm were assessed carefully using eight pairs of synchronic MODIS/ASTER images. ‘Pixel-based’ metrics showed that subpixel snow fractions were retrieved with a Mean Absolute Error of 6.8% at 250 m spatial resolution and 5.1% after aggregation at 500 m spatial resolution. In addition, a ‘feature-based’ metric showed that 90% of the snowlines were depicted generally within 300 m and 200 m of their correct position for the 500-m and 250-m spatial resolution snow maps, respectively. A dataset of 679 maps of subpixel snow fraction was produced for the period from February 2000 to May 2007. These repeated observations of the seasonal snow cover will benefit the ongoing effort to model snowmelt runoff in the region and to improve the estimation and management of water resources.  相似文献   

16.
青藏高原MODIS积雪面积比例产品的精度验证与去云研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
MODIS积雪产品的精度验证和去云处理是积雪监测研究的基础。首先利用青藏高原典型地区的ETM+数据作为“真值”影像,对MODIS积雪面积比例(FSC)产品在无云条件下的精度进行验证,发展了一个基于三次样条函数插值的去云算法,并采用基于“云假设”的检验和地面站积雪覆盖日数(SCD)检验两种方法对去云算法的精度进行了分析评价。结果表明:MODIS FSC产品在青藏高原地区具有较高的精度,与FSC“真值”相比,其平均绝对误差、均方根误差以及相关系数分别为0.098、0.156和0.916;去云算法能够有效地获取云遮蔽像元的FSC信息,平均绝对误差为0.092,用新生成的无云MODIS FSC产品计算得到的SCD与地面观测值具有较高的一致性(87.03%),平均绝对误差为3.82 d。  相似文献   

17.
利用多源遥感数据,结合光学遥感数据高空间分辨率及被动微波数据不受云干扰的优势,利用MODIS逐日积雪标准产品和AMSR-E雪水当量产品,生成了欧亚大陆中高纬度区500m分辨率的逐日无云积雪产品,并利用更高分辨率的Landsat-TM数据生成的积雪产品作为"真值"影像,对研发的逐日无云积雪覆盖产品的精度进行了验证。结果表明:MOD10A1和MYD10A1受云影响均较为严重,无法直接用于地表积雪面积的监测。而本研究合成的逐日无云产品具有较好的精度,与TM积雪图具有较高的一致性。但不同的土地覆盖类型对积雪分类精度有一定的影响。其中,裸地和草原覆盖区精度最好,Kappa系数分别为0.655和0.644,均为高度一致性;其次精度较好的是灌丛和耕地覆盖区,Kappa系数分别为0.584和0.572,均为中等的一致性;而森林覆盖区由于受到高大植被的影响,Kappa系数仅为0.389,合成产品相对TM积雪产品明显高估了森林区积雪面积。整体Kappa均值达到0.569,接近高度一致,研究结果对实时监测欧亚大陆积雪面积具有一定的应用价值。  相似文献   

18.
针对积雪观测站点稀少的问题,提出一种考虑海拔影响,能够融合MODIS积雪面积产品和站点观测的雪深空间插值方法,该方法利用去云后MODIS积雪面积产品构建的无积雪“虚拟站点”弥补站点分布不均匀和稀少的不足,利用泛协克里金插值方法考虑海拔对雪深的影响。利用北疆地区50个气象站点的逐日雪深观测资料、逐日MODIS积雪面积产品和AMSR-E被动微波雪水当量和雪深产品,对普通克里金、泛克里金、普通协克里金和泛协克里金插值结果进行了比较研究。研究结果表明:积雪覆盖范围较大时,站点雪深与海拔之间相关系数较大,利用泛协克里金插值结果精度高且稳定;否则利用普通克里金插值精度较高且稳定。通过增加“虚拟站点”,能够提高雪深插值精度,并在一定程度上修正了克里金插值中存在的平滑效应。
  相似文献   

19.
Three methods, supervised classification (SC), digital number (DN) statistics and Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI), are used to map snow cover and then calculate snow cover area. Data sets from Landsat TM, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and NOAA/AVHRR are selected because these sensors of different spatial resolution provide the most up to date remote sensing data for China. The results show that the best method for obtaining the snow index is different for each of these sensor products because of their different spatial and temporal resolutions and objectives of application. Reflectivity threshold statistics (RTs) should be used if the data series is incomplete; whereas SC needs a relatively accurate signature file for classification. A valid and rational method has been certified which selects NDSI for extracting snow pixels. Meanwhile, we introduce the brightness compensation method for decreasing the impact of topographic shading on distinguishing of snow pixels.  相似文献   

20.
石瑞香 《遥感信息》2005,(4):35-37,40
以青藏高原上的两个区域、选择不同时相的MODIS影像,运用NDSI、NDVI等指标,结合MODIS云腌膜数据,计算得到MODIS的雪产品;并将其与美国NSIDC的雪产品进行比较。结果表明,计算得到的MODIS雪产品中雪的覆盖区域与NSIDC雪产品中的雪覆盖区域基本一致,但计算得到的雪覆盖面积比对应的NSIDC雪产品中的雪覆盖面积略大3%。计算得到的雪产品与NSIDC雪产品在同样经纬度范围内图像位置有偏差。范围越小,位置偏差越明显。对图像进行经度偏移后,取共同区域进行像素差值比较,结果,计算得到的雪产品与NSIDC雪产品判断一致的像素约83.12%。  相似文献   

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