基于进化算法的多目标优化方法

进化算法在解决多目标优化问题中有其特有的优势.首先对多目标优化问题进行了描述;然后结合研究现状讨论了目前几种主要的基于进化算法的多目标优化方法,以及它们的优缺点;最后给出了多目标进化优化算法的一些应用,以及进化多目标优化算法的未来发展方向.     

多目标演化算法的进展研究

回顾多目标演化算法的研究历史,给出问题相应的数学描述;其次,分析经典的第一代多目标进化算法,阐明这一代算法的优点与不足;对新一代多目标进化算法作详细的分析,其主要特点是构造外部种群实现精英保留机制;最后多目标进化算法的研究方向作展望.     

多目标优化的进化环境模型及实现

传统多目标进化算法主要是模仿生物自身的进化过程,没有考虑环境对进化的作用,缺乏能动的、指导性的搜索.提出一种基于进化环境的多目标进化模型,利用进化环境记录群体进化过程中产生的知识信息,并反过来指导群体搜索,实现环境与群体的共同进化.此外,给出基于进化环境的多目标进化模型的一种算法实现,利用环境域和单元域表示进化环境,设置了一组环境规则,从而实现进化环境对进化群体的约束、促进和导向作用.通过与5个代表性经典多目标进化算法,对12个具有不同特征和不同求解难度的测试函数,在Generational Distance、Hypervolume和Inverted Generational Distance三项性能指标上进行比较实验,验证了文中所提出的算法具有良好的收敛性和综合性能.     

多目标进化算法的研究与进展

多目标优化问题通常难以处理,在20世纪80年代中期人工智能的进化算法开始应用于该领域.近10年来涌现了很多种多目标进化算法,一些已成功应用到工程实践中,从而形成了最近的一个热门研究领域.本文阐述了多目标进化算法研究的有关工作进展,并提出今后需要研究的问题,旨在引起大家对此新兴研究领域的关注与兴趣,从而推动与此相关问题的研究.     

基于Pareto的多目标克隆进化算法

为了克服部分多目标进化算法中容易出现退化与早熟,造成收敛速度过慢的不足,结合精英保留策略、基于近部规则的环境选择以及免疫克隆算法中的比例克隆等思想,提出一种基于Pareto的多目标克隆进化算法NPCA(Non-dominated Pareto Clonal Algorithm)。通过部分多目标优化测试函数ZDT和DTLZ对算法进行了性能测试,验证了该算法能获得分布更加均匀的Parcto前沿,解的收敛性明显优于典型的多目标进化算法。     

基于多目标进化算法的MOEA/D权重向量产生方法

在进化多目标优化研究领域,多目标优化是指对含有2个及以上目标的多目标问题的同时优化,其在近些年来受到越来越多的关注。随着MOEA/D的提出,基于聚合的多目标进化算法得到越来越多的研究,对MOEA/D算法的改进已有较多成果,但是很少有成果研究MOEA/D中权重的产生方法。提出一种使用多目标进化算法产生任意多个均匀分布的权重向量的方法,将其应用到MOEA/D,MSOPS和NSGA-III中,对这3个经典的基于聚合的多目标进化算法进行系统的比较研究。通过该类算法在DTLZ测试集、多目标旅行商问题MOTSP上的优化结果来分别研究该类算法在连续性问题、组合优化问题上的优化能力,以及使用矩形测试问题使得多目标进化算法的优化结果在决策空间可视化。实验结果表明,没有一个算法能适用于所有特性的问题。然而,MOEA/D采用不同聚合函数的两个算法MOEA/D_Tchebycheff和MOEA/D_PBI在多数情况下的性能比MSOPS和NSGA-III更好。     

一个用于多目标优化的进化规划算法

进化计算的群体搜索机制为多目标优化问题的直接求解提供了途径.本文将多目标遗传算法中的一些技术用于进化规划,提出一个多目标进化规划算法,并给出计算实例.     

解决多目标优化问题的差分进化算法研究进展

差分进化(differential evolution,DE)是一种简单但功能强大的进化优化算法.由于其优秀的性能,其诞生之日起就吸引了各国研究人员的关注.作为一种基于群体的全局性启发式搜索算法,差分进化算法在科学和工程中有许多成功的应用.本文对解决多目标优化问题的差分进化算法研究进行了综述,对差分进化的基本概念进行了详细的描述,给出了几种解决多目标优化问题的差分进化算法变体,并且给出了差分进化算法解决多目标优化问题的理论分析,最后,给出了差分进化算法解决多目标优化问题的工程应用,并指出了未来具有挑战性的研究领域.     

带约束多目标最优化问题的一种新的进化算法

1 引言多目标最优化问题在科学技术、经济管理等领域大量存在,进化算法一次运算可望求出多目标最优化的许多有效解的特性,引起众多学者的研究兴趣。目前,仅在网址:www.la-nia.mx/～ccoello//emoo/emoobib.html上就可查到近千篇多目标进化算法方面的文献。最近几年出现的多目标进化算法,绝大多数都是研究无约束多目标最优化问题(例如见文[1,2]),而实际问题中遇到的多目标最优化往往都带有约束条件,因而处理约束就是解决现实问题的关键。正如Kalyan-moy Deb等学者在文[3]中指出:“研究者是该把注意力集中在解决约束多目标最优化问题的时候了”。     

一种基于云模型的多目标进化算法

在多目标进化算法的基础上,提出了一种基于云模型的多目标进化算法(CMOEA).算法设计了一种新的变异算子来自适应地调整变异概率,使得算法具有良好的局部搜索能力.算法采用小生境技术,其半径按X条件云发生器非线性动态地调整以便于保持解的多样性,同时动态计算个体的拥挤距离并采用云模型参数来估计个体的拥挤度,逐个删除种群中超出的非劣解以保持解的分布性.将该算法用于多目标0/1背包问题来测试CMOEA的性能,并与目前最流行且有效的多目标进化算法NSGA-II及SPEA2进行了比较.结果表明,CMOEA具有良好的搜索性能,并能很好地维持种群的多样性,快速收敛到Pareto前沿,所获得的Pareto最优解集具有更好的收敛性与分布性.     

Reservoir flood control operation using multi-objective evolutionary algorithm with decomposition and preferences

In this paper we propose a preference-based multi-objective optimization model for reservoir flood control operation (RFCO). This model takes the water preserving demand into consideration while optimizing two conflicting flood control objectives. A preference based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm with decomposition, named MOEA/D-PWA, is developed for solving the proposed RFCO model. For RFCO, it is challenging to define the preferred region formally, as the preference information is implicit and difficult to formulate. MOEA/D-PWA estimates the preferred region dynamically according to the final water level of solutions in the population, and then guides the search by propelling solutions towards the preferred region. Experimental results on four types of floods at the Ankang reservoir have illustrated that the suggested MOEA/D-PWA can successfully produce solutions in the preferred region of the Pareto front. The schedules obtained by MOEA/D-PWA can significantly reduce the flood peak and guarantee the dam safety as well. The proposed MOEA/D-PWA is also efficient in term of computational cost.     

多目标优化非支配集构造方法的研究进展

多目标优化非支配集的构造是多目标进化算法研究领域的一个重要步骤,旨在研究用多目标进化算法解决多目标优化问题的效率。对多目标优化问题进行了描述并且给出了求解算法的一般框架,结合研究现状讨论了目前该领域几种主要的基于Pareto非支配集的构造算法,以及它们的计算时间复杂度;总结并展望了该领域未来的发展趋势。     

Incorporating domain knowledge into the optimization of energy systems

Energy plays a key factor in the advancement of humanity. As energy demands are mostly met by fossil fuels, the world-wide consciousness grows about their negative impact on the environment. Therefore, it becomes necessary to design sustainable energy systems by introducing renewable energies. Because of the intermittent availability of different renewable resources, the designing of a sustainable energy system should find an optimal mix of different resources. However, the optimization of this combination has to deal with a number of possibly contradictory objectives.Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEA) are widely used to solve this kind of problems. As optimizing an energy system by using a MOEA is computationally costly, it is necessary to solve the problem efficiently. For this purpose, we propose the incorporation of domain knowledge related to energy systems into different phases (i.e., initialization and mutation) of a MOEA run. The proposed approaches are implemented for two widely used MOEAs and evaluated on the Danish Aalborg test problem. The experimental results show that each approach individually achieves significant improvements of the energy systems, which is expressed in better trade-off sets. Moreover, a state-of-the-art stopping criterion is adapted to detect the convergence in order to save computational resources. Finally, all proposed techniques are merged within two MOEAs with the result that our combined approaches yield significantly better results in less time than generic approaches.     

A decomposition based memetic algorithm for multi-objective vehicle routing problem with time windows

Multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) provides an excellent algorithmic framework for solving multi-objective optimization problems. It decomposes a target problem into a set of scalar sub-problems and optimizes them simultaneously. Due to its simplicity and outstanding performance, MOEA/D has been widely studied and applied. However, for solving the multi-objective vehicle routing problem with time windows (MO-VRPTW), MOEA/D faces a difficulty that many sub-problems have duplicated best solutions. It is well-known that MO-VRPTW is a challenging problem and has very few Pareto optimal solutions. To address this problem, a novel selection operator is designed in this work to enhance the original MOEA/D for dealing with MO-VRPTW. Moreover, three local search methods are introduced into the enhanced algorithm. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can obtain highly competitive results on Solomon׳s benchmark problems. Especially for instances with long time windows, the proposed algorithm can obtain more diverse set of non-dominated solutions than the other algorithms. The effectiveness of the proposed selection operator is also demonstrated by further analysis.     

Multi-objective K-connected Deployment and Power Assignment in WSNs using a problem-specific constrained evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition

The K-connected Deployment and Power Assignment Problem (DPAP) in WSNs aims at deciding both the sensor locations and transmit power levels, for maximizing the network coverage and lifetime objectives under K-connectivity constraints, in a single run. Recently, it is shown that the Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm based on Decomposition (MOEA/D) is a strong enough tool for dealing with unconstraint real life problems (such as DPAP), emphasizing the importance of incorporating problem-specific knowledge for increasing its efficiency. In a constrained Multi-objective Optimization Problem (such as K-connected DPAP), the search space is divided into feasible and infeasible regions. Therefore, problem-specific operators are designed for MOEA/D to direct the search into optimal, feasible regions of the space. Namely, a DPAP-specific population initialization that seeds the initial solutions into promising regions, problem-specific genetic operators (i.e. M-tournament selection, adaptive crossover and mutation) for generating good, feasible solutions and a DPAP-specific Repair Heuristic (RH) that transforms an infeasible solution into a feasible one and maintains the MOEA/D’s efficiency simultaneously. Simulation results have shown the importance of each proposed operator and their interrelation, as well as the superiority of the DPAP-specific MOEA/D against the popular constrained NSGA-II in several WSN instances.     

A novel multi-objective immune algorithm with a decomposition-based clonal selection

In recent years, a number of multi-objective immune algorithms (MOIAs) have been proposed as inspired by the information processing in biologic immune system. Since most MOIAs encourage to search around some boundary and less-crowded areas using the clonal selection principle, they have been validated to show the effectiveness on tackling various kinds of multi-objective optimization problems (MOPs). The crowding distance metric is often used in MOIAs as a diversity metric to reflect the status of population’s diversity, which is employed to clone less-crowded individuals for evolution. However, this kind of cloning may encounter some difficulties when tackling some complicated MOPs (e.g., the UF problems with variable linkages). To alleviate the above difficulties, a novel MOIA with a decomposition-based clonal selection strategy (MOIA-DCSS) is proposed in this paper. Each individual is associated to one subproblem using the decomposition approach and then the performance enhancement on each subproblem can be easily quantified. Then, a novel decomposition-based clonal selection strategy is designed to clone the solutions with the larger improvements for the subproblems, which encourages to search around these subproblems. Moreover, differential evolution is employed in MOIA-DCSS to strength the exploration ability and also to improve the population’s diversity. To evaluate the performance of MOIA-DCSS, twenty-eight test problems are used with the complicated Pareto-optimal sets and fronts. The experimental results validate the superiority of MOIA-DCSS over four state-of-the-art multi-objective algorithms (i.e., NSLS, MOEA/D-M2M, MOEA/D-DRA and MOEA/DD) and three competitive MOIAs (i.e., NNIA, HEIA, and AIMA).     

一个SPEA改进算法及其收敛性分析

SPEA是一种多目标优化算法。与其它多目标进化算法相比,SPEA算法具有设置参数少、解在空间分布均匀等优点。本文引入多点交叉和Cauchy变异对SPEA算法的收敛速度进行了改进,并对其收敛性进行了分析,文中给出的仿真算例证实了改进方法的有效性。     

Confronting tipping points: Can multi-objective evolutionary algorithms discover pollution control tradeoffs given environmental thresholds?

This study contributes a stochastic, multi-objective adaptation of the classic environmental economics Lake Problem as a computationally simple but mathematically challenging benchmarking problem. The Lake Problem considers a hypothetical town by a lake, which hopes to maximize its economic benefit without crossing a nonlinear, and potentially irreversible, pollution threshold. Optimization objectives are maximize economic benefit, minimize phosphorus in the lake, maximize the probability of avoiding the pollution threshold, and minimize the probability of drastic phosphorus loading reductions in a given year. Uncertainty is introduced through a stochastic natural phosphorus inflow. We performed comprehensive diagnostics using six algorithms: the Borg multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA), MOEA/D, epsilon-MOEA, the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGAII), epsilon-NSGAII, and Generalized Differential Evolution 3 (GDE3) to evaluate their controllability, reliability, efficiency, and effectiveness. Our results show only the self-adaptive search of the Borg MOEA was capable of performing well on this nontrivial benchmarking problem.     

基于差异化邻域策略的分解多目标进化算法*

子问题邻域对基于分解的多目标进化算法性能影响较大.当邻域过大时,种群繁殖产生的新解偏离Pareto解集,在更新子问题时,新解与邻域内旧解的比较次数增多,算法的计算复杂度增加;当邻域过小时,算法容易陷入局部最优.为了解决上述问题,文中提出基于差异化邻域策略的分解多目标进化算法(MOEA/D-DN),通过分析不同大小的邻域对算法性能的影响,选择合适的参数.并根据每个子问题的权重向量与中心向量的偏角,为各子问题设置不同大小的邻域,合理分配算法资源,提高算法搜索全局最优解的速率.在2维ZDT系列和3维、5维DTLZ系列测试函数上的实验表明,MOEA/D-DN 的收敛速度与收敛性能均有明显提高,算法的计算资源分配更合理,所获解集整体质量更优.