基于J1939协议的车辆故障诊断与ECU报文解析

在对汽车的故障诊断过程中,基于SAE J1939协议的CAN通信的ECU提供的发动机性能检测参数和整车网络通信数据,实现整车网络中多个ECU数据的共享;J1939协议同时也支持故障的诊断,通过数据转换模块将接收的数据转换成串行数据(包含CAN的ID地址),诊断工具(手持终端)可以读取当前故障码DM1或清除当前故障码DM11.本文提出了一种车辆故障诊断的研究策略,同时提出了一种基于JAVA语言的报文的解析方法,能够有效实时地实现对汽车发动机的故障检测.     

Digital twin-driven optimization of gas exchange system of 2-stroke heavy fuel aircraft engine

Multiple parts in gas exchange system of 2-stroke heavy fuel aircraft engine with poppet valves lead to complicated manufacturing and inefficient assembly. Besides, real experimental optimization wastes lots of time and cost due to the increased valve parameters. To address the above issues, the paper proposes a digital twin (DT)-driven optimization method with several DT modules for the system to virtually simulate and optimize the parameters, performance and manufacturing with data interaction and recorded. The DT modules receive real-time feedback data from manufacturing measurements and performance tests to conduct the correction throughout the optimization process. The results demonstrate that the virtual engine model with feedback and correction is quite precise and credible compared with test results, and iterative calculation for optimal parameters is performed efficiently. With the guidance of virtual manufacturing, real manufacturing and assembly are arranged more reasonably and efficiency has been promoted. Real-world test found both power and gas exchange performance improved about 4% under various engine speeds and loads, which verified the effectiveness of DT-driven optimization. The study achieves the integration between virtual and real worlds of the system performance and manufacturing, which facilitates the development of aircraft engine smart manufacturing.     

发动机ECU标定系统的实时数据处理设计与应用

发动机ECU标定系统需要标定人员根据实时工况数据来即时调整ECU的控制策略。即时显示发动机运行状态,同时存储实时数据对于标定工作意义重大。提出一种发动机ECU标定系统结构实现方法,实现工况数据的实时采集与标定数据的在线标定。设计一种改进的行程编码算法对数据进行无损压缩,便于数据的传输、存储、查询;利用数据缓存队列、优化线程调度策略,将任务分配到不同处理器上运行,保证系统的实时响应与数据处理效率。在发动机ECU标定系统的应用中表明该方法满足了标定系统对实时性、准确性、高效性的要求。     

A new joint strategy of radio channel allocation and power control for wireless mesh networks

For wireless mesh networks, it is critical to allocate the limited number of radio channels efficiently while mitigating the co-channel inference to improve network performance. For this reason, after extensively reviewing the related work, we present a new joint radio channel allocation (RCA) and power control (PC) strategy for wireless mesh networks. First, we formulate the RCA problem as a multiple objective optimization problem, with the constraints of transmission power and traffic data rates, while effective channel utilization (ECU) is chosen as the target metric for optimization. Second, we incorporate the channel status into the model of MAC protocols, including as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and transmission power. Consequently, the PC is incorporated into the ECU for channel allocation. Third, we propose to directly maximize the ECU to find both optimal radio channel and transmission power. The resulting strategy is a fully distributed RCA/PC algorithm without relying on a coordination mechanism among mesh routers. Our extensive simulation results have demonstrated that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the existing RCA strategies and the standard MAC protocols in performance such as throughput, packet dropping, delay and delay jitter.     

支持向量回归参数的混合选择

为提高支持向量回归算法的学习能力和泛化性能，提出了一种优化支持向量回归参数的混合选择算法。根据训练样本的规模和噪声水平等信息，确定支持向量回归参数的取值范围，用实数编码的免疫遗传算法搜索最佳参数值。混合选择算法具有较高的精度和效率，在选择支持向量回归参数时，不必考虑模型的复杂度和变量维数。仿真实验结果表明，该算法是选择支持向量回归参数的有效方法，应用到函数逼近问题时具有优良的性能。     

一种分布式智能推荐系统的设计

为提高支持向量回归算法的学习能力和泛化性能,提出了一种优化支持向量回归参数的混合选择算法.根据训练样本的规模和噪声水平等信息,确定支持向量回归参数的取值范围,用实数编码的免疫遗传算法搜索最佳参数值.混合选择算法具有较高的精度和效率,在选择支持向量回归参数时,不必考虑模型的复杂度和变量维数.仿真实验结果表明,该算法是选择支持向量回归参数的有效方法,应用到函数逼近问题时具有优良的性能.     

Engine control unit PID controller calibration by means of local model networks

In this work a new approach for a fully automated calibration of nonlinear PID controllers and feedforward maps is introduced. Controller design poses a particularly challenging task in the application to internal combustion engines due to the nonlinear controller structure, which is usually prescribed by the manufacturer of the engine control unit (ECU). A dynamic local model network is used to represent the actual physical process as its architecture can beneficially be adopted for scheduling of the nonlinear controller parameters. The presented calibration technique uses a genetic algorithm to calibrate the nonlinear PID controller and a static model inversion to determine the feedforward map. Closed-loop stability is taken into account by incorporating a Lyapunov function. Finally, an example demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

二冲程煤油发动机电控单元的设计与试验研究

汽油发动机改烧煤油后,需要对电控单元进行重新研制.针对原型机燃油喷射系统的改进,给出了电控单元的总体设计,基于MC9S12DP512微控制器完成了电控单元的硬件和软件设计.煤油发动机台架试验结果表明了电控单元及控制策略的有效性.     

基于特征选择和改进K-均值聚类的异常用电行为检测算法

窃电等异常用电行为严重影响着电网系统的安全、可靠和稳定运行，传统异常用电检测方法存在模型复杂、准确率低等问题。提出了一种基于特征选择和改进K-均值聚类的异常用电检测算法，首先从用电量变化、线路损耗和电力参数三个维度提取15维特征构成特征向量，然后利用相关向量机(Relevance Vector Machine, RVM)进行特征选择，自动确定最优特征集合，最后提出一种基于信息增益的改进K-均值聚类算法对最优特征集合进行聚类分析，从而实现异常用电检测。基于爱尔兰智能电表公开数据集开展实验，结果表明，所提方法在精准率、召回率和ROC曲线AUC值三项指标方面均能获得良好的表现性能，明显优于传统方法。     

基于模糊神经网络的涡喷发动机控制系统设计

针对微型涡喷发动机ECU控制系统具有时变性和非线性的特点,为改善微型涡喷发动机控制系统的控制性能,将模糊神经网络PID控制方法应用于ECU的转速与推力控制系统中;首先,利用某微型涡喷发动机的试车数据通过系统辨识方法得到其数学模型,其次针对模糊PID无法在线调参的弊端,引入模糊神经网络控制方法对微型涡喷发动机ECU系统进行控制;为模拟发动机在工作过程中遇到的干扰问题,在仿真过程中加入了干扰信号,通过与传统PID、模糊PID的仿真结果对比验证得出,模糊神经网络PID在涡喷发动机转速控制系统中响应速度更快约为1 s,超调量更小约为0,在有干扰的情况下恢复稳定状态的时间更短,约为0.5 s。     

基于虚拟仪器的电子节气门数据测试系统开发

发动机电子控制节气门系统包括电控单元、直流电机、减速齿轮、驱动电路等。与传统的节气门控制方法不同,电子节气门系统中节气门在任何工况下都直接由电机驱动。电控单元可根据车辆信息和发动机工况的变化而随时配制一个理想的混合气。这种理想的混合气,可同时满足发动机的动力性、经济性要求,并减少有害物物的排放,具有良好的怠速、加速、减速等工况的过渡性能。开发一套基于虚拟仪器的电子节气门数据测试系统,对国外先进发动机的电子节气门控制系统控制策略进行研究,对科研和教学都有重要的意义。     

电控发动机ECU 标定系统

为了对汽车发动机电子控制单元的自主研发提供检验支持,开发了一款基于CAN总线通讯的发动机电子控制单元标定系统。标定系统包括标定系统软件、通信模块、待标定发动机电子控制单元和被测发动机4个部分,采用多主结构CAN-bus数据通信方式。实现了上位机的标定表格设计,表格数据的整理,标准协议与自定义协议的转换接口的设计,基于协议的数据传输、在线烧录、采集、控制与诊断等功能。在汽车发动机电喷系统产品上的实际应用表明：该标定系统通用性好,数据处理效率高,适用于不同协议的发动机电子控制单元产品。     

A framework for simulation-based engine-control unit inspection in manufacturing phase

This paper proposes a framework for electronic engine-control unit (ECU) inspection in manufacturing phase. Although various methodologies have been developed for the ECU verification at the development phase, the ECU verification in the manufacturing phase has rarely been brought into focus. ECUs in the manufacturing phase need the verification process in the unified way of the ECU software and hardware components by three major causes: 1) ECU software revision, 2) incomplete installation of software, and 3) quality variation of hardware. For the effective ECU verification in the manufacturing phase, we propose a simulation-based ECU testing methodology. The proposed framework configures virtual vehicle environment to simulate an ECU using a “virtual engine system (VES) model” that specifies the operations of every ECU function during a simulation. The proposed framework employs a reverse engineering approach to identify the operation state transition of an ECU function by reference vehicle states from vehicle experimental data. The main objective of this paper is to design a VES model-based inspection system that simulates an ECU without software modification in brief time for set-up and execution. The proposed framework has been implemented and successfully applied to a Korean automotive company.     

基于XCP协议的通用型ECU标定软件的开发

为了使得汽车电子控制单元(ECU)的开发过程能够达到事半功倍的效果,开发出一套性能优越、功能强大,通用性强的标定软件十分重要,本文采用XCP协议、A2L描述文件和USB/CAN转换器开发出来了一套与通用型电控发动机的ECU相匹配的标定软件。通过在长丰集团搭载基于MPC5554的ECU的柴油发动机上实际应用,达到了实时,准确标定的目的。实际结果表明本软件可以作为通用标定平台,用于采用XCP标准协议的各类ECU开发中。     

多点电喷气体发动机空燃比闭环控制系统设计

空燃比控制是发动机性能实现中最重要的控制之一。基于玉柴某大型六缸单点气体发动机改多点电喷的基础上进行研究,在开放式ECU基础上针对燃气发动机瞬态变化过程中的反馈时间延迟,构建了一种基于前馈PID算法的空燃比闭环控制策略,用来预判和补偿空燃比超调和反馈时间延迟;解决了发动机瞬变工况下空气与燃气的精确匹配问题。通过对台架模型和发动机试验的数据分析,结果表明基于前馈PID控制算法的空燃比闭环控制策略能够进一步提高燃气发动机的排放效率和动力性。     

A method for objective edge detection evaluation and detector parameter selection

Subjective evaluation by human observers is usually used to analyze and select an edge detector parametric setup when real-world images are considered. We propose a statistical objective performance analysis and detector parameter selection, using detection results produced by different detector parameters. Using the correspondence between the different detection results, an estimated best edge map, utilized as an estimated ground truth (EGT), is obtained. This is done using both a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis and a Chi-square test, and considers the trade off between information and noisiness in the detection results. The best edge detector parameter set (PS) is then selected by the same statistical approach, using the EGT. Results are demonstrated for several edge detection techniques, and compared to published subjective evaluation results. The method developed here suggests a general tool to assist in practical implementations of parametric edge detectors where an automatic process is required.     

Approximate model reference adaptive mechanism for nominal gaindesign of fuzzy control system

The difficult design of fuzzy logic control (FLC) can be processed in two separate stages: nominal design and optimal adjustment. The nominal design intends to figure out the nominal model of FLC including rule base, membership functions (MF's), and scaling gains. Different parameters require different design methods. A quantitative approach is presented in this paper to design the nominal scaling gain by using the idea of classical adaptive control. This adaptive mechanism requires only an approximate reference model of the plant, but it tolerates much more system uncertainties due to the inherent nonlinear feature of FLC. In reality, a first-order linear model is usually sufficient for achieving a reasonable performance. This approximate model reference based adaptive fuzzy control system is more robust than its classical counterpart in complex environment without deteriorating the original system stability. Therefore, it is an effective method to determine proper scaling gains for FLC.     

基于XCP协议的汽车标定系统通信研究与设计

现代汽车中的电控功能越来越多,不同ECU之间传递的信息量也就越来越大.XCP协议的高速性和稳定性非常适用于汽车中的实时测量及ECU内部数据标定.设计了一个基于XCP-on-CAN协议的标定通信软件,以DAQ模式编写了主机和从机上的XCP驱动程序,成功的实现了主从通信,试验证明ECU和标定软件之间的通信高效稳定且有良好的...     

基于纳什均衡的AUTOSAR任务到多核ECU的映射方法

随着汽车电子应用程序对处理器性能需求的不断提高,现代汽车电子系统中的电子控制单元(ECU)已升级为多核结构。多核ECU中的AUTOSAR应用程序的设计、实现和集成将面临新的挑战。其中一个重要的挑战是在映射任务到多核ECU的同时确保系统的实时性能。且在AUTOSAR静态配置过程中,实时系统的资源限制和调度分析使问题变得更加复杂。因此,文中提出了一种基于纳什均衡的AUTOSAR任务到多核ECU的映射方法。该方法将任务优先级应用于博弈过程中,对提高任务映射过程的效率具有非常重要的实用价值。最后,将所提方法应用于AUTOSAR标准的实例中。实验结果表明,所提方法在减少各个任务中可运行实体的最坏响应时间方面具有良好的表现。     

Particle swarm optimization for bitmap join indexes selection problem in data warehouses

Data warehouses are very large databases usually designed using the star schema. Queries defined on data warehouses are generally complex due to join operations involved. The performance of star schema queries in data warehouses is highly critical and its optimization is hard in general. Several query performance optimization methods exist, such as indexes and table partitioning. In this paper, we propose a new approach based on binary particle swarm optimization for solving the bitmap join index selection problem in data warehouses. This approach selects the optimal set of bitmap join indexes based on a mathematical cost model. Several experiments are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on the bitmap join index selection problem. Further testing of the method is performed using a database environment specific cost function. The binary particle swarm optimization is found to be more effective than both the genetic algorithm and data mining based approaches.