A Structured Way to Use Channels for Communication in X-Machine Systems

This paper presents a new model for passing messages in communicating stream X-machine systems (CSXMS). The components are stream X-machines with ε-transitions, acting simultaneously. The states are partitioned into processing and communicating states. Passing messages between the X-machines involves only communicating states. A communication matrix is used as a common memory. It is shown that a structured way of using channels, namely via select constructs with guarded alternatives and terminate clause, may be implemented. An automatic scheme for writing concurrent programs in an Ada-like style, starting from a CSXMS, is proposed. Received December 1999 / Accepted in revised form January 2001     

Testing Conformance to a Quasi-Non-Deterministic Stream X-Machine

Stream X-machines have been used in order to specify a range of systems. One of the strengths of this approach is that, under certain well-defined conditions, it is possible to produce a finite test that is guaranteed to determine the correctness of the implementation under test (IUT). Initially only deterministic stream X-machines were considered in the literature. This is largely because the standard test algorithm relies on the stream X-machine being deterministic. More recently the problem of testing to determine whether the IUT is equivalent to a non-deterministic stream X-machine specification has been tackled. Since non-determinism can be important for specifications, this is an extremely useful extension. In many cases, however, we wish to test for a weaker notion of correctness called conformance. This paper considers a particular form of non-determinism, within stream X-machines, that will be called quasi-non-determinism. It then investigates the generation of tests that are guaranteed to determine whether the IUT conforms to a quasi-non-deterministic stream X-machine specification. The test generation algorithm given is a generalisation of that used for testing from a deterministic stream X-machine. Received November 1999 / Accepted in revised form December 2000     

Generalised Stream X-Machines and Cooperating Distributed Grammar Systems

Stream X-machines are a general and powerful computational model. By coupling the control structure of a stream X-machine with a set of formal grammars a new machine called a generalised stream X-machine with underlying distributed grammars, acting as a translator, is obtained. By introducing this new mechanism a hierarchy of computational models is provided. If the grammars are of a particular class, say regular or context-free, then finite sets are translated into finite sets, when ?k, = k derivation strategies are used, and regular or context-free sets, respectively, are obtained for ?k, * and terminal derivation strategies. In both cases, regular or context-free grammars, the regular sets are translated into non-context-free languages. Moreover, any language accepted by a Turing machine may be written as a translation of a regular set performed by a generalised stream X-machine with underlying distributed grammars based on context-free rules, under = k derivation strategy. On the other hand the languages generated by some classes of cooperating distributed grammar systems may be obtained as images of regular sets through some X-machines with underlying distributed grammars. Other relations of the families of languages computed by generalised stream X-machines with the families of languages generated by cooperating distributed grammar systems are established. At the end, an example dealing with the specification of a scanner system illustrates the use of the introduced mechanism as a formal specification model. Received September 1999 / Accepted in revised form October 2000     

Generalised Stream X-Machines with Output Delimited Type

Some conditions relating to the automata involved in the W-testing method are discussed. It is also shown how to use the method for reduced automata instead of minimal automata. New design test conditions (weak output distinguishable, strong test-complete and output delimited type) are considered for the generalised stream X-machines (stream X-machines with basic functions replaced by relations and having as output strings of symbols rather than single symbols). It is proved that testing methods similar to those already developed for ordinary deterministic stream X-machines may be applied for generalised stream X-machines with output delimited types. A particular case of generalised stream X-machine with output delimited type is the X-machine with output delimiter, which produces outputs having a distinct right end character. Received October 2000 / Accepted in revised form January 2001     

Generating Test Sets from Non-Deterministic Stream X-Machines

X-machines were proposed by Holcombe as a possible specification language and since then a number of further investigations have demonstrated that the model is intuitive and easy to use as well as general enough to cater for a wide range of applications. In particular (generalised) stream X-machines have been found to be extremely useful as a specification method and most of the theory developed so far has concentrated on this particular class of X-machines. Furthermore, a method for testing systems specified by stream X-machines exists and is proved to detect all faults of the implementation provided that the system meets certain initial requirements. However, this method can only be used to generate test sequences from deterministic X-machine specifications. In this paper we present the theoretical basis for a method for generating test sets from non-deterministic generalised stream X-machines. Received November 1999 / Accepted in revised form September 2000     

XML数据流中的后兄弟查询算法

针对在XML文档树模型中进行后兄弟节点查询时内存消耗大、匹配效率低等缺陷,提出一种基于XML数据流与栈的后兄弟查询算法。采用SAX解析器与结构连接方法,对XML文档中所有已知节点与后兄弟节点进行精确匹配并输出。结果表明,该算法具有适用范围广、占用系统资源少、匹配效率高等优势。     

一种分布式数据流系统负载平衡算法

分布式数据流系统中,当输入数据流速发生较大波动时,会引起部分节点过载,从而影响整个系统的数据处理能力。针对这个问题,该文分析了分布式数据流系统的特点以及现有负载平衡算法的局限性,提出了一种利用多层重叠结构进行负载信息收集和负载分配的平衡算法。该算法利用虚拟树形结构进行负载信息的收集和负载分配,具有较好的扩展性能。以环形虚拟结构中保存的节点相对位置信息为依据进行负载移动,从而有效降低系统的响应时间。实验结果表明该算法具有良好的负载平衡能力和一定的应用价值。     

一种XML数据流小枝模式查询算法

针对传统XML文档小枝模式查询算法系统开销大的问题,提出一种XML数据流小枝模式查询算法。该算法结合SAX数据流解析技术,将层次关系队列结构应用于XML文档查询中,采用动态生成区间编码的方式,免除建立编码索引文件的步骤。实验结果表明,在对相关数据集进行查询时,该算法可减少I/O操作,缩短查询响应时间,提高查询效率。     

XML流上的关键字查询算法

针对当前XML流过滤研究中存在的问题,使用关键字查询方法作为解决方案。提出最右包含边界的概念,结合一个虚拟栈实现用于在XML数据流上进行关键字查询的XVirtual Stack算法。理论分析和实验结果证明,该算法具有高效性。