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1.
A conceptual framework for the integration of data type and process modeling techniques, called integration paradigm, has been presented by the authors in previous papers already. The aim of this paper is to give a short review of this conceptual framework and to present a formal model for the integration paradigm. The formal model for the four layers, called data type, data states and transformations, processes and system architecture layers respectively, is based on an integration of abstract data types and structured transition systems. This formal model can be instantiated by all kinds of basic and integrated modeling techniques. Algebraic high-level nets, attributed graph transformation, an integration of Z with statecharts, and some diagram techniques of UML are discussed on the conceptual level. As instantiation of the formal model, a well-known CCS sender specification, place/transition nets, algebraic high-level nets and attributed graph transformation are presented in this paper, while instantiations of other modeling techniques will be discussed elsewhere.  相似文献   

2.
This paper presents an approach to query decomposition in a multidatabase environment. The unique aspect of this approach is that it is based on performing transformations over an object algebra that can be used as the basis for a global query language. In the paper, we first present our multidatabase environment and semantic framework, where a global conceptual schema based on the Object Data Management Group standard encompasses the information from heterogeneous data sources that include relational databases as well as object-oriented databases and flat file sources. The meta-data about the global schema is enhanced with information about virtual classes as well as virtual relationships and inheritance hierarchies that exist between multiple sources. The AQUA object algebra is used as the formal foundation for manipulation of the query expression over the multidatabase. AQUA is enhanced with distribution operators for dealing with data distribution issues. During query decomposition we perform an extensive analysis of traversals for path expressions that involve virtual relationships and hierarchies for access to several heterogeneous sources. The distribution operators defined in algebraic terms enhance the global algebra expression with semantic information about the structure, distribution, and localization of the data sources relevant to the solution of the query. By using an object algebra as the basis for query processing, we are able to define algebraic transformations and exploit rewriting techniques during the decomposition phase. Our use of an object algebra also provides a formal and uniform representation for dealing with an object-oriented approach to multidatabase query processing. As part of our query processing discussion, we include an overview of a global object identification approach for relating semantically equivalent objects from diverse data sources, illustrating how knowledge about global object identity is used in the decomposition and assembly processes.  相似文献   

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Within the database field, schema refinements have been proved useful for documentation and maintenance purposes; moreover, schemata describing the reality of interest at different levels of abstraction are extensively used in Computer Aided Software Engineering tools and visual query languages. So, much effort has been spent in analyzing schema transformations and schema refinements. Till now, however, while the syntaxof schema transformations has been deeply investigated, the semantics has been very often neglected. In this paper we present a full formal framework, supporting both the syntax and the semantics of schema refinements. Such a formal framework is used to support a methodology able to merge a set of schemata and the top-down chains of refinement planes produced during their design. The result of this kind of integration, that we call multilevel integration, is an integrated schema plus an associated top-down chain of schemata. The integrated schema and the chain are related to the input schemata by interesting properties, giving rise to a two-dimensional structure useful for exploring the data content of complex information systems.  相似文献   

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The aim of this paper is to present a generic component framework for system modeling that satisfies main requirements for component-based development in software engineering. In this sense, we have defined a framework that can be used, by providing an adequate instantiation, in connection with a large class of semi-formal and formal modeling techniques. Moreover, the framework is also flexible with respect to the connection of components, providing a compositional semantics of components. This means more precisely that the semantics of a system can be inferred from the semantics of its components. In contrast to other component concepts for data type specification techniques, our component framework is based on a generic notion of transformations. In particular, refinements and transformations are used to express intradependencies, between the export interface and the body of a component, and interdependencies, between the import and the export interfaces of different components. The generic component framework generalizes module concepts for different kinds of Petri nets and graph transformation systems proposed in the literature, and seems to be also suitable for visual modeling techniques, including parts of the UML, if these techniques provide a suitable refinement or transformation concept. In this paper the generic approach is instantiated in two steps. First to high-level replacement systems generalizing the transformation concept of graph transformations. In a second step it is further instantiated to low-level and high-level Petri nets. To show applicability we present sample components from a case study in the domain of production automation as proposed in a priority program of the German Research Council (DFG).  相似文献   

6.
XML已经成为Web上表示结构化和半结构化数据的标准格式,为了描述XML数据的结构和内容,业界已经提出了多个XML模式语言。虽然XML模式对ValidatingXML文档非常有用,但它不适用于要求表示数据有关语义知识的任务,对这样的任务最好使用概念模式。针对XML模式的概念建模,介绍了一种扩展实体关系模型及将用XML模式语言定义的模式转换成扩展实体模式的过程。  相似文献   

7.
Integration of geographic information has increased in importance because of new possibilities arising from the interconnected world and the increasing availability of geographic information. Ontologies support the creation of conceptual models and help with information integration. In this paper, we propose a way to link the formal representation of semantics (i.e., ontologies) to conceptual schemas describing information stored in databases. The main result is a formal framework that explains a mapping between a spatial ontology and a geographic conceptual schema. The mapping of ontologies to conceptual schemas is made using three different levels of abstraction: formal, domain, and application levels. At the formal level, highly abstract concepts are used to express the schema and the ontologies. At the domain level, the schema is regarded as an instance of a generic data model. At the application level, we focus on the particular case of geographic applications. We also discuss the influence of ontologies in both the traditional and geographic systems development methodologies, with an emphasis on the conceptual design phase.  相似文献   

8.
A new generation of scientific and engineering applications are being developed to support multiple coupled physics, adaptive meshes, and scaling in massively parallel environments. The capabilities required to support multiphysics, adaptivity, and massively parallel execution are individually complex and are especially challenging to integrate within a single application. Sandia National Laboratories has managed this challenge by consolidating these complex physics-independent capabilities into the Sierra Framework which is shared among a diverse set of application codes. The success of the Sierra Framework has been predicated on managing the integration of complex capabilities through a conceptual model based upon formal mathematical abstractions. Set theory is used to express and analyze the data structures, operations, and interactions of these complex capabilities. This mathematically based, conceptual modeling approach to managing complexity is not specific to the Sierra Framework—it is generally applicable to any scientific and engineering application framework.  相似文献   

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A Methodology for Data Schema Integration in the Entity Relationship Model   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The conceptual design of databases is usually seen as divided into two steps: view modeling, during which user requirements are formally expressed by means of several user oriented conceptual schemata, and schema integration, whose goal is to merge such schemata into a unique global conceptual schema. This paper is devoted to describe a methodology for schema integration. An enriched entity relationship model is chosen as the data model. The integration process consists of three steps: first, several types of conflicts between the different user schemata are checked and solved; second, schemata are merged into a draft integrated schema, that is, third, enriched and restructured according to specific goals.  相似文献   

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