HLA中时间管理算法死锁问题的分析

RTI是HLA的核心,时间管理服务是RTI提供的六大类服务之一.GALT算法是时间管理服务能否实现的关键技术.不合理的GALT算法会导致死锁或破坏HLA时间管理的原则,从而导致整个仿真无法向前推进,或产生过去时刻的消息.分析了文献[7]中对死锁规律的描述,指出了其中存在的问题及身高测量法可能带来的问题.对原有的GALT算法做了改进,在保证不破坏HLA时间管理原则的前提下,解决了GALT算法的死锁问题,从而确保了时间管理服务的可靠实现.     

高层体系结构中时间管理算法研究及改进

不恰当的最大安全推进时间(GALT)计算方法会影响系统整体运行,严重情况下可能导致系统死锁,使整个系统仿真无法向前推进。为此,分析经典时间推进Frederick算法中可能出现死锁的情况,给出死锁出现的原因,并对死锁产生的原因进行论证,在此基础上,设计一种基于该算法的改进无死锁时间管理GALT计算算法。分析结果表明,改进算法可以有效解决GALT计算产生的死锁问题。     

RTI时间管理的一种新型动态尺度标注算法

时间管理算法是决定RTI时间管理服务性能的关键。为解决时间管理中常用的Frederick算法计算GALT(greatest available logical time)时可能出现死锁以及仿真系统消息延迟等问题,定义了联邦成员尺度的概念,并结合时间前瞻量的动态调整思想,提出了动态尺度标注算法,并对其进行了分析。分析表明该算法不但减少了消息的延迟时间,还解决了时间管理中的死锁问题。通过在制导弹药飞行视景仿真系统上测试,表明算法改善了仿真效果,提高了仿真系统性能。     

RTI中乐观推进机制的实现

正确理解乐观推进机制的基本原理,并按照高层体系结构HLA(high level architecture)规范实现RTI(runtime infrastructure)中的乐观推进服务一直是分布式仿真领域关注的难点问题.介绍了并行离散事件仿真PDES(parallel discrete event simulation)和HLA中的乐观推进机制,并指出了它们之间的重要差异,例如PDES中的虚拟时间(virtual time)可以回卷(roll back),回卷发生在进程中;而HLA中的逻辑时间不能够回卷,但乐观盟员在不影响保守盟员推进的情况下可以回卷自己调度事件的时间,回卷发生在盟员内而不是RTI内.另外,提出了在实现乐观推进服务时,不需要RTI作任何保存操作的"零保存"技术,并成功地将该技术应用到RTI软件StarLink中."零保存"技术通过在消息句柄类型RTI::MessageRetractionHandle定义中增加两个变量,一个表示TSO(time stamp order)消息的时标,另一个表示所有接收该消息的盟员(RTI::MessageRetractionHandle为IEEE1516.1定义的数据类型),RTI将具有此类型的消息句柄返回给发送TSO消息的盟员保存,当发送盟员再次使用消息句柄撤消(retract)消息时,RTI从消息句柄中就可以知道并通知接收盟员撤消消息.对于理解和开发RTI中的乐观推进服务具有重要的现实意义.     

层次式多联盟结构框架及其时间管理服务的研究

随着仿真技术的发展，人们对大规模分布式仿真的应用需求越来越迫切。为了解决单联盟集中式RTI仿真规模受限的问题，AnthonyCramp等人提出了层次式多联盟的联盟集合的思想，并对分布式盟员代理(Distributed Federate Proxy DFP)结构的时间管理进行了简要描述，其描述是基于美国国防部HLA 1．3版本的；该文主要介绍了层次式多联盟的基本结构及主要数据流程，并重点给出了符合IEEE1516标准的层次式多联盟的时间管理算法，对分布式盟员代理部件(Distributed Federate Proxy Components DFPC)和仿真节点SN的最大可用逻辑时间(Greatest Available Logical Time GALT)的计算及其逻辑时间的推进过程进行了较为详尽的分析。     

基于CORBA的HLA/RTI时间管理的实现

时间管理是HLA／RTI中重要的服务之一，时间管理服务的目的是保证RTI能在适当的时间以适当的方式和顺序将来自盟员的消息转发给相应的盟员，主要包括时间较准约束机制，逻辑时间推进和相关时间请求3部分，HLA时间管理由RTI和盟员共同完成，RTI提供相应的接口，以实现有效信息交换，该文提出了一个基于CORBA的时间管理实现方案。     

基于多播技术RTI时间管理服务设计的研究

高层体系结构HLA已经成为分布式仿真领域的热门技术，HLA规范的核心是基于“公布／定购”关系基础之上的盟员间的数据交换策略，多播技术能够有效地适应这一需求并在众多的RTI软件中得到了广泛的应用。具有高可靠性要求的时间管理服务是RTI软件设计的难点，然而多播技术本质上是一种不可靠的UDP数据传输方式，本文提出了一种使用多播技术来实现时间管理中最大可用逻辑时间GALT计算的机制。     

RTI中时间推进机制的研究

作为高层体系结构HLA 的软件实现, RTI 按照HLA 接口规范的定义, 提供了支持分布式交互仿真实现的服务。其中时间管理是一类很重要的服务, 是为了保证正确地实现成员间仿真时间的协调推进和数据交换。通过一个具体的例子, 对RTI 中的保守时间推进机制进行了深入分析, 并研究了时间管理中的LBTS 的计算、避免死锁的策略等问题。     

基于HLA/RTI的分布式交互仿真系统中的信息交换机制

基于HLA/RTI设计了一个顾客/服务员仿真系统，结合RTI 1.3提供的声明管理，对象管理和时间管理等服务，就对象类和交互类及其属性和参数等信息交换机制进行了分析，并讨论了基于HLA/RTI的分布式交互仿真系统中可能存在的一种死锁问题。     

基于HLA的实时仿真方法的研究与测试

实时性是某些仿真系统的重要性能指标.分析了运行支撑环境(RTI)消息基本流程及高层体系结构(HLA)时间管理服务对仿真实时性的影响,提出采用"多步推进+墙钟控制"的时间推进方式来实现实时仿真,并设计了一种测试RTI实时性的试验方案,以及用该试验测试了MAKRTI2.3.3在两种传输服务下的实时性,仿真结果表明,在高速局域网下,采用多步推进的时间推进方式能有效提高仿真实时性,基本上达到大多数半实物仿真系统的实时要求.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate