基于BiLSTM-CRF的中文分组单字错误识别方法研究

近十多年来，中文自动校对取得了许多重要进展，但是单字错别字识别精度和召回率低一直是该领域的一个重要问题。该文提出一种基于BiLSTM-CRF的神经网络模型和单字分组策略识别中文错别字的方法。首先，该文提出一种构建分组单字混淆集的方法，并根据采集的分组单字混淆集自动生成错别字识别训练语料，构造了一个含有13组的汉字单字错别字识别训练语料。其次，针对传统的错别字识别方法在单字错别字召回率较低的问题，该文对错别字识别训练语料中错别字采用多标签标记的策略。再次，针对训练样本存在的数据稀疏问题，该文对训练数据集中的人名、地名、时间和机构名称这四类词语进行抽象。最后，该文利用BiLSTM-CRF的模型在错别字识别训练语料上进行训练。实验结果表明，该文提出的单字错别字识别方法在13组单字上的平均识别精确率为87.30%,平均召回率为84.36%。     

一种汉字混淆网络算法

在普通话大词汇量连续语音识别中,使用最大后验概率决策规则解码得到的是具有最小句子错误率的识别结果,但是本文通常使用字错误率作为识别结果的评测标准.为了使识别结果具有最小字错误率,在充分考虑汉语语言特点的基础上,提出了一种汉字混淆网络算法.这种算法能够有效地将普通话大词汇量连续语音识别系统输出的词格转换成为汉字混淆网络.详细讨论了最小贝叶斯风险决策规则理论及使用汉字混淆网络进行的解码过程.基于2005 HTRDP(863)评测数据集进行的实验结果表明,这种使用汉语字混淆网络的方法有效地降低了普通话大词汇量连续语音识别结果的字错误率.     

基于本体分割的语义图概要方法

语义图概要的目的是提取语义图的关键信息,形成原数据集的概要模型以解决大规模语义图的理解、查询、应用难题。为提升现有语义图概要方法效率,提出一种基于本体分割的概要方法。通过本体分割算法对语义图进行分割生成扩展子图。采用形式概念分析对每个扩展子图生成元素的偏序格（又称特征集格）。在此基础上,由所有子图的特征集格形成了原语义图的概要。在关联开放数据集和Berlin SPARQL Benchmark数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法具有较好的可扩展性,有效提高了概要方法的效率。     

基于语义的手写汉字识别模型

目前,已经有很多文献阐述了不同的手写汉字识别算法,但是绝大多数算法都是针对单个汉字进行识别的,所以对于比较容易混淆的字,它们的识别效果都不好。该文针对这个问题,在单个汉字识别的基础上,结合汉语字典,加入了对前后汉字的语义考虑,大大地提高了这些容易混淆的汉字的识别率。     

基于标准编码的频繁子图挖掘算法

频繁子图挖掘是图挖掘的一个重要研究课题.gSpan算法作为一种高效的子图挖掘算法具有较好的执行效率,它通过最右扩展生成频繁子图,但不能保证每次扩展得到的均为标准编码.针对此问题本文提出了一种改进的算法CSGM,它采用ADI++存储结构,能处理更大规模的图集,同时保证每次最右扩展均生成标准编码,既避免了对非标准编码图的支持度计算,也避免了对输入编码是否为标准编码的计算.在实际数据集上运行的实验结果表明它比原算法提高了挖掘效率.     

基于距离度量的多样性图排序方法

有效结合查询相关性和多样性的扩展相关性是多样性图排序问题的一种优化目标.基于扩展相关性的多样性图排序可建模为一个子模函数优化问题,贪心子模优化算法可近似求解该问题.然而,扩展相关性不能直接度量节点间的不相似性.子模优化算法是串行算法不能充分利用诸如Spark等集群计算平台有效提高算法效率.针对这些问题,本文提出一种描述节点间不相似性的距离度量.基于此距离度量,将多样性图排序问题建模为一个在查询相关节点集上构造的带权完全图的最大和k-dispersion优化问题.提出了求解该问题的多项式时间2-近似算法.鉴于不同节点对的距离度量计算是相互独立的,进一步地提出了基于MapReduce编程模型的并行化多样性图排序算法.最后,在真实图数据集上验证了本文提出算法的高效性和有效性.     

基于介词向量的英语真词错误检查算法

在基于Winnow算法的基础上引入混淆词和介词搭配的方法.首先通过混淆集获得训练集,对训练集进行预处理后利用文本特征提取方法获得特征词集,然后对特征词集进行Winnow训练得到带有权重的特征词集并把出现在混淆词后的介词提取出来生成介词向量,最后从测试集提取特征并进行结合Winnow算法和混淆词与介词搭配方法的测试得到真词错误检查的结果.混淆词与介词搭配方法的加入使得某些混淆词的正确率、召回率以及F1测度提高了10%~20%,有的甚至提高到了100%.     

基于节点相似度的社团发现算法

对现有的社会网络社团发现算法进行研究,发现存在算法时间复杂度高、准确率低和没有充分利用节点属性信息等问题,提出了一种基于节点相似度的社团发现算法以解决这些问题。综合考虑图的拓扑结构和节点属性信息,结合构造属性扩展图的思想和基于结构情境相似度的思想得到节点的相似度,利用改进的K-means算法对所有节点进行聚类得到社团结构。编程实验结果表明,使用该算法得到的社团准确率较高,算法的时间复杂度为线性的,在带属性的数据集上和不带属性的数据集上的测试结果均验证了算法的有效性。     

混淆网络在音频文档检索系统中的应用研究

给出了一个基于音节混淆网络的语音文档内容检索系统,提出了一种基于两阶段解码的查询自动扩展方法,首先通过Viterbi解码算法在混淆音节网格上计算混淆音节的似然得分,然后利用A*解码算法从音节格上产生易混淆的扩展项,扩展项由其置信得分与阈值的比较自动产生。实验结果显示该方法能够有效提高系统的检出率。     

自然语言是正则语言

自然语言由字母集、单词集、句子集、段落集和文章集5部分组成,而且,字母集包含于单词集,单词集包含于句子集,句子集包含于段落集,段落集包含于文章集。在此观点下,自然语言是正则语言。引入了字母空图和字母空图语言等10个概念。作为特例,英语由英语字母集、英语单词集、英语句子集、英语段落集和英语文章集5部分构成。在此观点下,英语是正则语言。引入了英语字母空图和英语字母空图语言等10个概念。汉语由汉字集、汉语词汇集、汉语句子集、汉语段落集和汉语文章集5部分构成。在此观点下,汉语是正则语言。引入了汉字空图和汉字空图语言等10个概念。这为计算机自然语言处理打开了一扇新的大门,开辟了语言学新的研究领域。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate