一种模板和图像特征相结合的数字水印算法

针对目前基于图像特征的数字水印对非等比例缩放攻击鲁棒性不足的现状,提出了一种模板和图像特征相结合的水印算法。该算法首先利用模板信息纠正非等比例缩放的攻击,再用Harris Laplacian检测算子从载体图像中提取出稳定的特征点,然后根据特征尺度自适应确定局部特征区域,并采用圆环量化的方法将水印信息嵌入到局部特征区域中。实验表明,新算法可以保证水印的不可见性,而且对常规信号处理和几何攻击尤其是非等比例缩放具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于图像特征点的强鲁棒数字水印嵌入方案

提出了一种抵抗一般性几何攻击的数字水印新算法. 该算法首先利用多尺度 Harris 检测算子从载体图像中提取出稳定的特征点; 然后根据特征尺度自适应确定局部特征区域, 并对其实施归一化处理; 最后结合预失真补偿理论, 采纳 DFT 中频幅值比较策略将水印信息重复嵌入到多个归一化局部特征区域内. 仿真实验表明, 本文算法不仅具有较好的透明性, 而且对常规信号处理和一般性几何攻击均具有较好的鲁棒性.     

一种新的自适应半脆弱水印算法

提出了一种基于图像内容的自适应半脆弱数字水印算法．该算法首先结合梯度分割阈值选取策略, 自适应抽取图像内容特征并作为水印信息；然后利用载体图像邻域特性自适应确定量化步长,并通过量化调制小波系数嵌入数字水印；最后通过比对提取出的水印信息与重新抽取出的图像内容特征,实现对待检测图像的完整性检验和篡改定位．仿真实验证明, 该自适应半脆弱图像水印算法不仅具有较好的篡改检测与定位能力,而且具有较强的抗攻击能力.     

基于尺度不变特征的脊波域量化水印算法

针对传统数字水印算法抵抗旋转、缩放等几何攻击能力较弱的问题,提出一种基于尺度不变特征的脊波域量化水印算法.利用尺度不变特征变换构造稳定的图像局部区域,对局部区域实施脊波变换,选择能量较大方向上的脊波细节系数,利用量化索引调制策略嵌入水印信息.仿真结果表明,该算法具有较好的检测性能,在抗压缩、叠加噪声、缩放、剪切等攻击方面具有较强的鲁棒性.     

基于SIFT抗几何攻击的数字水印算法

针对数字水印信息易遭几何攻击的问题以及水印算法的不可见性与鲁棒性的平衡性问题,提出一种基于尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)的图像局部特征点的数字水印算法。首先利用SIFT算法在原始图像中寻找局部特征点,再以局部特征点确定多个满足一定条件的圆形局部特征区域(LFA),经LFA正规化后将水印嵌入到LFA的离散余弦变换(DCT)域的中频系数中。其中,考虑到水印信息对图像质量的影响,嵌入强度根据Watson人类视觉模型进行动态调整。实验结果表明,该算法得出的峰值信噪比(PSNR)和水印相似度数值较高,说明该算法不仅保证了较好的水印不可见性,并且在一定的几何攻击下表现出较强的鲁棒性。     

一种基于自适应量化的半脆弱图像水印算法

提出了一种基于自适应量化的半脆弱图像水印嵌入方案，能够在不参考原始载体的情况下对数字图像同时进行版权保护和内容认证．该半脆弱水印嵌入方案具有以下特点：（1）抽取并利用了原数字水印的特征信息（作为辅助水印）；（2）采纳了基于人眼视觉特性的自适应量化策略；（3）数字水印信息的提取不需要原始载体图像；（4）采用整型提升小波变换，克服了小波域水印算法普遍存在的舍入误差问题；（5）能够同时进行版权保护与内容认证，并可确定篡改发生区域．仿真实验表明：该小波域水印嵌入方案不仅对JPEG压缩、叠加噪声、平滑滤波等常规图像处理具有较好鲁棒性。而且能够对替换等恶意图像篡改做出报警反应，同时其误检率与漏检率等关键技术指标均优于现有半脆弱水印嵌入算法．     

基于回归型支持向量机的数字图像水印新算法

以回归型支持向量机（Support Vector Regression,SVR）理论为基础,提出一种数字图像水印新算法.该算法能够结合图像局部相关性,选取稳定的特征向量并获得SVR训练模型,进而利用SVR训练模型嵌入和提取数字水印信息.该算法以保证不可感知性和鲁棒性的良好平衡为前提,实现了数字水印的盲检测.仿真实验表明,本文算法不仅具有较好的不可感知性,而且对叠加噪声、JPEG压缩、锐化、平滑滤波、对比度增强等常规处理及扭曲、剪切等几何攻击均具有较好的鲁棒性,其整体性能明显优于现有SVM图像水印方案.     

一种基于多尺度特征的彩色图像数字水印算法

结合彩色图像特点,以多尺度空间理论及图像归一化技术为基础,提出了一种可有效抵抗几何攻击(包括全局仿射变换、局部失真等)的强鲁棒第二代彩色图像水印算法.该算法首先利用多尺度Harris检测算子从原始彩色图像中提取出稳定的特征点;然后根据特征尺度自适应确定局部特征区域,并对其实施归一化处理;再结合不变质心理论提取出归一化局部特征区域的重要区域,同时对重要区域实施离散傅立叶变换(DFT);最后结合幅值谱信息自适应确定水印嵌入位置,并采纳量化调制策略将数字水印嵌入到重要区域的相位和幅值内.仿真实验表明,本文算法不仅具有较好的不可感知性,而且对常规信号处理(中值滤波、边缘锐化、叠加噪声和JPEG压缩等)和几何攻击(包括全局仿射变换、局部失真等)均具有较好的鲁棒性.     

基于内容的自适应小波域数字音频水印算法研究

以整型提升小波变换、静态图像压缩编码、人类听觉系统（HAS）为基础，提出了一种将灰度图像（即二维数字水印）嵌入到数字音频信号的新水印算法．该算法具有以下特点：（1）应用静态图像压缩编码技术，实现了以灰度图像作为水印信号的数字音频水印算法；（2）充分利用人类听觉系统（HAS），实现了二维数字水印的自适应嵌入，增强了算法的透明性和鲁棒性，（3）二维数字水印的提取不需要原始音频信号．仿真实验表明：该自适应数字音频水印算法不仅具有较好的透明性，而且对诸如叠加噪声、有损压缩、低通滤波、重新采样、重新量化等攻击均具有较好的鲁棒性．     

基于图像熵的抗剪切局部数字水印算法

针对基于特征的数字水印算法中常用的Harris检测器进行改进,提出一种根据图像熵自适应调节Harris算法极值检测窗口大小,并结合局部图像特点自适应嵌入的数字水印算法.实验结果表明该算法提取的特征点分布均匀稳定,可以有效抵抗剪切攻击.     

A Feature-based Robust Digital Image Watermarking Against Desynchronization Attacks

In this paper,a new content-based image watermarking scheme is proposed.The Harris-Laplace detector is adopted to extract feature points,which can survive a variety of attacks.The local characteristic regions (LCRs) are adaptively constructed based on scale-space theory.Then,the LCRs are mapped to geometrically invariant space by using image normalization technique.Finally, several copies of the digital watermark are embedded into the nonoverlapped LCRs by quantizing the magnitude vectors of discrete Fourier transform (DFT) coefficients.By binding a watermark with LCR,resilience against desynchronization attacks can be readily obtained.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is invisible and robust against various attacks which includes common signals processing and desynchronization attacks.     

A feature-based robust digital image watermarking against geometric attacks

Based on scale space theory and an image normalization technique, a new feature-based image watermarking scheme robust to general geometric attacks is proposed in this paper. First, the Harris–Laplace detector is utilized to extract steady feature points from the host image; then, the local feature regions (LFR) are ascertained adaptively according to the characteristic scale theory, and they are normalized by an image normalization technique; finally, according to the predistortion compensation theory, several copies of the digital watermark are embedded into the nonoverlapped normalized LFR by comparing the DFT mid-frequency magnitudes. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is not only invisible and robust against common signals processing methods such as median filtering, sharpening, noise adding, and JPEG compression etc., but also robust against the general geometric attacks such as rotation, translation, scaling, row or column removal, shearing, local geometric distortion and combination attacks etc.     

A New Digital Image Watermarking Algorithm Resilient to Desynchronization Attacks

Synchronization is crucial to design a robust image watermarking scheme. In this paper, a novel feature-based image watermarking scheme against desynchronization attacks is proposed. The robust feature points, which can survive various signal-processing and affine transformation, are extracted by using the Harris-Laplace detector. A local characteristic region (LCR) construction method based on the scale-space representation of an image is considered for watermarking. At each LCR, the digital watermark is repeatedly embedded by modulating the magnitudes of discrete Fourier transform coefficients. In watermark detection, the digital watermark can be recovered by maximum membership criterion. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is invisible and robust against common signal processing, such as median filtering, sharpening, noise adding, JPEG compression, etc., and desynchronization attacks, such as rotation, scaling, translation, row or column removal, cropping, and random bend attack, etc.     

新的特征点强鲁棒音频水印技术

以均值量化索引调制（MQIM）、特征点为理论基础,提出一种新颖的强鲁棒性数字音频水印技术。该算法选取数字音频的局部能量峰值点作为特征,提取稳定的特征点;以特征点为标记,对特征点后的区域进行分段,利用均值量化索引调制将水印嵌入到原始音频的小波域中。水印提取时无需原始图像。仿真实验表明,提出的算法对常规信号处理（MP3压缩、叠加噪声、重新采样、重新量化等）和去同步攻击（随机剪切、幅度缩放、变调、抖动等）均具有较好的鲁棒性。     

稳健局部特征非下采样小波域数字水印

目的 基于数字水印技术的音乐作品版权保护是学术界的研究热点之一,多数数字音频水印方案仅仅能够对抗简单的常规信号处理,无法有效抵抗破坏性较强的一般性去同步攻击。为此,提出了一种基于稳健局部特征的非下采样小波域数字水印算法。方法 利用非下采样小波域平滑梯度检测算子从载体音频中提取稳定的音频特征点,结合数字音频样本响应确定局部特征音频段,采用量化调制策略将数字水印信号重复嵌入局部特征音频段中。结果 选取4段典型的采样频率为44.1 kHz、量化精度为16 bit、长度为15 s的单声道数字音频信号作为原始载体进行测试,并与经典算法在不可感知性和鲁棒性两方面进行对比。结果表明,本文算法在含水印音频与原始载体音频间的信噪比平均提升了5.7 dB,同时常规攻击和去同步攻击下的平均检测率分别保持在0.925和0.913,高于大多数传统算法,表明了本文算法具有较好的不可感知性。在常规信号处理（MP3压缩、重新量化、重新采样等）和去同步攻击（幅度缩放、随机剪切、音调伸缩、DA/AD转换、抖动等）方面均具有较好的鲁棒性。结论 本文利用描述能力强且性能稳定的平滑梯度刻画局部数字音频性质,提出一种基于平滑梯度的非下采样小波域音频特征点提取方法,有效解决了音频特征点稳定性差且分布极不均匀的缺点,提高了数字音频水印对音调伸缩、随机剪切、抖动等攻击的抵抗能力。     

Invariant image watermarking using multi-scale Harris detector and wavelet moments

Desynchronization attack is known as one of the most difficult attacks to resist, which can desynchronize the location of the watermark and hence causes incorrect watermark detection. It is a challenging work to design a robust image watermarking scheme against desynchronization attacks. Based on multi-scale Harris detector and wavelet moment theory, we propose a new content based image watermarking algorithm with low computational complexity, good visual quality and reasonable resistance toward desynchronization attacks in this paper. Firstly, the steady image feature points are extracted from the origin host by using multi-scale Harris detector, and the local feature regions (LFRs) are constructed adaptively according to the feature scale theory. Then, the LFRs are image normalized, and significant regions are obtained from the normalized LFRs by utilizing the invariant centroid theory. Finally, the digital watermark is embedded into the LFRs by modifying wavelet moment invariants of the significant regions. By binding the watermark with the geometrically invariant image features, the watermark detection can be done without synchronization error. Experimental results show that the proposed image watermarking is not only invisible and robust against common image processing operations as sharpening, noise adding, and JPEG compression etc, but also robust against the desynchronization attacks such as rotation, translation, scaling, row or column removal, cropping, and local random bend etc.     

A robust content based image watermarking using local invariant histogram

Desynchronization attack is known as one of the most difficult attacks to resist, which can desynchronize the location of the watermark and hence causes incorrect watermark detection. Based on multi-scale SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) detector and local image histogram shape invariance, we propose a new content based image watermarking algorithm with good visual quality and reasonable resistance toward desynchronization attacks in this paper. Firstly, the stable image feature points are extracted from the original host by using multi-scale SIFT detector, and the local feature regions (LFRs) are constructed adaptively according to the feature scale theory. Then, the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is performed on the LFR, and the local image histogram is extracted from a selected DFT amplitude range. Finally, the bins of the histogram are divided into many groups, and the digital watermark is embedded into LFR by reassigning the number of DFT amplitudes in bin groups. By binding the watermark with the geometrically invariant image features, the watermark detection can be done without synchronization error. Experimental results show that the proposed image watermarking is not only invisible and robust against common image processing operations such as sharpening, noise adding, and JPEG compression, but also robust against the desynchronization attacks such as rotation, translation, scaling, row or column removal, and cropping.     

A robust color image watermarking using local invariant significant bitplane histogram

Desynchronization attacks that cause displacement between embedding and detection are usually difficult for watermark to survive. It is a challenging work to design a robust image watermarking scheme against desynchronization attacks, especially for color images. In this paper, we propose a robust color image watermarking approach based on local invariant significant bitplane histogram. The novelty of the proposed approach includes: 1) A fast and effective color image feature points detector is constructed, in which probability density and color invariance model are used; 2) The fully affine invariant local feature regions are built based on probability density Hessian matrix; and 3) The invariant significant bitplane histograms are introduced to embed digital watermark. The extensive experimental works are carried out on a color image set collected from Internet, and the preliminary results show that the proposed watermarking approach can survive numerous kinds of distortions, including common image processing operations and desynchronization attacks.