鲁棒性数字图像水印技术

数字水印技术作为版权保护的重要手段已经成为了研究的热点,但是实用的鲁棒性数字水印技术不多,特别是抗几何攻击的水印算法不多.文中利用Krawtchouk不变矩对平移、旋转和缩放的不变性以及Krawtchouk矩良好的局部特性和重构性能,根据水印的容量自适应地改变某些相对稳定的低阶矩来嵌入水印,并用Rijndael加密和Arnold置乱等技术以及构造的图像特征不变矩阵生成相关的二值逻辑表来进行版权认证.实验证明,该算法不仅对JPEG压缩、裁剪、噪声等常见攻击有较强的免疫力,而且对平移、旋转、缩放等几何攻击也具有较强的免疫力.     

基于四元数傅里叶梅林变换的RST不变彩色图像水印算法

提出一种基于四元数傅里叶梅林变换(QFMT)的RST(旋转、缩放和平移)不变彩色图像水印算法,利用图像的不变质心生成具有平移稳定性的圆形特征区域,对这个圆形区域进行QFMT。利用QFMT幅度谱具有旋转和缩放不变性,在QFMT幅度谱中嵌入水印信息。该算法不仅可以抗RST攻击,大大提升水印的鲁棒性,而且可以把水印嵌入所带来的误差扩散到载体图像的各个颜色分量之中,扩大水印嵌入的容量。实验结果表明,该方法具有较好的抗压缩性,对RST等攻击有良好的鲁棒性。     

一种新的空域抗几何攻击图像水印算法

提出了一种基于特征与量化的空域抗几何攻击图像水印算法---FAQ算法. 采取的主要方法有: 1)利用图像中的局部最稳定特征点生成具有几何不变性的圆形特征区域, 用于水印的同步; 2)将特征区域分解为具有旋转不变性的扇形区域, 并在空域利用奇偶量化嵌入水印; 3)设计了一种奇偶检测器盲提取水印. 实验结果表明FAQ算法能获得很高的图像质量, 且能有效地抵抗常规信号处理攻击、旋转/缩放/平移(Rotation/scaling/translation, RST)攻击及其组合攻击.     

抗几何攻击图像水印研究

研究图像数字水印安全问题.抵抗几何攻击一直是水印算法研究的难点和重点,在图像版权保护过程的研究,针对旋转、缩放和平移等几何攻击能够破坏水印检测的同步性,容易使常规水印算法检测不稳定的问题,利用图像伪Zernike矩的幅度具有旋转不变的性质,提出了一种可有效抵抗几何攻击的数字图像水印新方法.利用图像归一化技术将原始载体映射到几何不变空间内,以消除缩放、平移之影响,然后结合伪Zernike矩的旋转不变特性,计算出归一化图像的伪Zernike矩.最后选取部分低阶伪Zernike矩,并采纳量化调制策略将水印信息嵌入到伪Zernike矩幅值中.仿真结果表明,数字图像水印算法不仅具有良好的透明性,而且具有较强的抗攻击能力,为设计提供了可靠依据.     

基于小波矩的抗几何攻击数字图像水印算法研究

针对旋转、缩放和平移等几何攻击破坏水印检测同步,从而导致水印检测失败等问题,利用归一化图像的缩放、平移不变性及小波矩的旋转不变特性,结合奇偶量化技术,提出了一种有效抵抗几何攻击的数字图像水印新算法。首先利用图像归一化技术将原始载体映射到几何不变空间内;然后计算归一化图像的小波矩,并选取部分稳定的低阶小波矩用于水印嵌入;最后利用奇偶量化方法将水印信息嵌入到所选小波矩的不变量内。仿真实验结果表明,该图像水印方案不仅具有良好的透明性,而且具有较强的抵抗常规信号处理、几何攻击、联合攻击等能力。     

基于Fourier-Mellion变换抗仿射变换水印算法

现有的数字水印技术大多难以抵抗几何变换类攻击,如旋转、平移和尺度变换等,特别是仿射变换（旋转、平移和尺度变换混合的多种攻击）,其中一个最主要的原因是：几何变换虽然并未去除图像中的水印信息,但却使水印的检测与嵌入之间失去同步,从而导致水印检测的失效。针对以上原因提出了一种基于图像矩和傅里叶梅林变换抗仿射不变性水印算法。对于平移造成的几何攻击,在水印检测之前利用原始图像的几何矩估计水印图像所经过的几何变换,根据估计的参数对水印图像进行相应的校正和水印检测。对于旋转和尺度变换造成几何攻击,通过对数极坐标系能将笛卡尔坐标系中的旋转和缩放变换为平移的性质,结合Fourier变换来抵抗旋转和缩放攻击。实验结果证明,该方法可以获得良好的图像视觉效果,同时对于几何攻击具有很好的鲁棒性。     

基于四元数Zernike矩的RST不变彩色图像水印

提出一种基于四元数Zernike矩( QZM)的RST( Rotation, Scale, Translation)不变彩色图像水印方案,利用缩放平移归一化后的QZM模值具有旋转、缩放和平移不变性,采用抖动量化调制的方法在QZM模值中嵌入水印信息。该水印算法可以把水印嵌入所带来的误差扩散到红、绿、蓝3幅分量图像中,实验表明该算法在具有良好的不可感知性的同时对旋转、缩放和平移等几何攻击具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于尺度不变特征的脊波域量化水印算法

针对传统数字水印算法抵抗旋转、缩放等几何攻击能力较弱的问题,提出一种基于尺度不变特征的脊波域量化水印算法.利用尺度不变特征变换构造稳定的图像局部区域,对局部区域实施脊波变换,选择能量较大方向上的脊波细节系数,利用量化索引调制策略嵌入水印信息.仿真结果表明,该算法具有较好的检测性能,在抗压缩、叠加噪声、缩放、剪切等攻击方面具有较强的鲁棒性.     

基于QR分解的Contourlet域抗几何攻击水印算法

为了提高数字水印产品的抗几何攻击能力,提出一种基于QR分解的Contourlet域抗几何攻击水印算法。该算法首先对宿主图像Contourlet变换后的低频子带进行分块QR分解,通过轻微修改各子块Q矩阵第一列第二行元素和第三行元素的大小关系嵌入Arnold置乱后的水印信息,并且利用R矩阵对各子块进行相应的视觉失真补偿操作。在水印提取前,利用尺度不变特征变换SIFT特征点具有的旋转、缩放和平移不变性对几何失真含水印图像进行几何校正,恢复水印的同步性,使算法具备抵抗几何攻击的能力。实验结果表明,该算法的不可见性良好,而且对于常规攻击和多种几何攻击都具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于DWT的抗RST攻击鲁棒性数字水印

针对现有数字图像水印方法对几何变换攻击鲁棒性不足的问题,提出一种基于离散小波域的抗几何攻击数字水印方法,对图像进行离散小波变换,在其低频逼近子图嵌入水印,通过检测其不变矩实现数字水印检测。由于所选不变矩具有旋转、平移、尺度变换不变特征,因此该方法对几何变换攻击具有鲁棒性。仿真实验结果表明,该方法对普通加噪、滤波、JPEG压缩攻击以及旋转、缩放、平移等几何攻击均具有较好的鲁棒性。     

Robust localized image watermarking based on invariant regions

The robustness of the localized watermarking methods mainly depends on the robustness of the feature locating the watermark. Based on the mean luminance of the disk, a rotation and scale invariant feature extraction algorithm is proposed. A theoretical verification of the rotation and scale invariance of extracted feature points in the continuous image is further performed. The extracted feature points are used to construct rotation and scale invariant circular regions, where the watermark is embedded after affine normalization. Experimental results show that the constructed regions fit the watermarking applications much better than those in previous feature-based watermarking schemes from the aspect of robustness against common attacks including filtering, JPEG compression, cropping, rotation and scaling, and the proposed localized image watermarking scheme has better robustness than previous feature-based watermarking schemes against common signal process and geometrical attacks while maintaining imperceptibility.     

Rotation invariant watermark embedding based on scale-adapted characteristic regions

Rotation invariance is one of the most challenging issues in robust image watermarking. This paper presents two rotation invariant watermark embedding schemes in the non-subsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) domain based on the scale-adapted local regions. Watermark synchronization is achieved using the scale-space feature point based local characteristic regions. The first method embeds a binary watermark sequence by partitioning the local regions in a rotation invariant pattern. The second method embeds a binary watermark image in a content based manner, and the watermark signal is adaptive to the orientation of the image. Both methods achieve rotation invariant embedding by only using the rotation normalizing angle, thus no interpolation operation is performed. Extensive simulation results and comparisons show that the proposed schemes can efficiently resist both signal processing attacks and geometric attacks.     

基于奇异值分解和小波变换的抗几何失真数字水印新方法

目前,大多数鲁棒图像水印所面临的最大问题就是几何攻击,而现有水印技术大都难以抵抗几何变换类攻击,如旋转、尺度变换等,由于几何攻击破坏了水印分量的同步,即使微小幅度的图像旋转或尺度变换都可能导致水印检测过程失败.提出了一种基于奇异值分解和小波变换的方法来盲提取受到几何攻击后的图像中的水印,即利用了奇异值对几何失真的稳健性,又利用了小波变换对一般攻击的稳健性.实验证明,提出的方法对几何攻击具有很好的鲁棒性.     

Invariant image watermarking using multi-scale Harris detector and wavelet moments

Desynchronization attack is known as one of the most difficult attacks to resist, which can desynchronize the location of the watermark and hence causes incorrect watermark detection. It is a challenging work to design a robust image watermarking scheme against desynchronization attacks. Based on multi-scale Harris detector and wavelet moment theory, we propose a new content based image watermarking algorithm with low computational complexity, good visual quality and reasonable resistance toward desynchronization attacks in this paper. Firstly, the steady image feature points are extracted from the origin host by using multi-scale Harris detector, and the local feature regions (LFRs) are constructed adaptively according to the feature scale theory. Then, the LFRs are image normalized, and significant regions are obtained from the normalized LFRs by utilizing the invariant centroid theory. Finally, the digital watermark is embedded into the LFRs by modifying wavelet moment invariants of the significant regions. By binding the watermark with the geometrically invariant image features, the watermark detection can be done without synchronization error. Experimental results show that the proposed image watermarking is not only invisible and robust against common image processing operations as sharpening, noise adding, and JPEG compression etc, but also robust against the desynchronization attacks such as rotation, translation, scaling, row or column removal, cropping, and local random bend etc.     

一种新的基于伪Zernike矩的图像盲水印算法

抵抗几何攻击的鲁棒性是目前数字水印技术中的热点也是难点。提出一种新的基于伪Zernike矩的图像盲水印算法,首先计算图像归一化后的伪Zernike矩,然后选取部分合适的矩通过量化调制嵌入水印信息。水印提取时,利用伪Zernike矩的相位信息估计旋转角度进行几何校正,以提高矩的几何不变性。实验结果表明,本算法对于抗几何攻击尤其是旋转攻击具有很好的鲁棒性,同时也能抵抗常规的信号处理攻击。     

A robust color image watermarking using local invariant significant bitplane histogram

Desynchronization attacks that cause displacement between embedding and detection are usually difficult for watermark to survive. It is a challenging work to design a robust image watermarking scheme against desynchronization attacks, especially for color images. In this paper, we propose a robust color image watermarking approach based on local invariant significant bitplane histogram. The novelty of the proposed approach includes: 1) A fast and effective color image feature points detector is constructed, in which probability density and color invariance model are used; 2) The fully affine invariant local feature regions are built based on probability density Hessian matrix; and 3) The invariant significant bitplane histograms are introduced to embed digital watermark. The extensive experimental works are carried out on a color image set collected from Internet, and the preliminary results show that the proposed watermarking approach can survive numerous kinds of distortions, including common image processing operations and desynchronization attacks.     

几何变换攻击下数字水印新的同步方法

目前,大多数鲁棒图像水印所面临的最大问题就是几何攻击,而现有水印技术大都难以抵抗几何变换类攻击,如旋转、尺度变换等,由于几何攻击破坏了水印分量的同步,即使微小幅度的图像旋转或尺度变换都可能导致水印检测过程失败.提出了一种新颖的基于傅立叶变换的方法来估计图像经历的几何变换.实验证明,提出的方案对几何变换攻击的水印同步具有很高的精确度.     

A self-adaptive image normalization and quaternion PCA based color image watermarking algorithm

This paper proposes a novel robust digital color image watermarking algorithm which combines color image feature point extraction, shape image normalization and QPCA (quaternion principal component algorithm) based watermarking embedding (QWEMS) and extraction (QWEXS) schemes. The feature point extraction method called Mexican Hat wavelet scale interaction is used to select the points which can survive various attacks and also be used as reference points for both watermarking embedding and extraction. The normalization shape image of the local quadrangle image of which the four corners are feature points of the original image is invariant to translation, rotation, scaling and skew, by which we can obtain the relationship between the feature images of the original image and the watermarked image which has suffered with geometrical attacks. The proposed QWEMS and QWEXS schemes which denote the color pixel as a pure quaternion and the feature image as a quaternion matrix can improve the robustness and the imperceptibility of the embedding watermarking. To simplify the eigen-decomposition procedure of the quaternion matrix, we develop a calculation approach with which the eigen-values and the corresponding eigen-vectors of the quaternion matrix can be computed. A binary watermark image is embedded in the principal component coefficients of the feature image. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can survive a variety of geometry attacks, i.e. translation, rotation, scaling and skew, and can also resist the attacks of many signal processing procedures, for example, moderate JPEG compression, salt and pepper noise, Gaussian filtering, median filtering, and so on.     

基于Tchebichef矩的几何攻击不变性第二代水印算法

提出了一种基于原始图像的Tchebichef矩实现的几何攻击不变性第二代盲水印算法,利用原始图像的Tchebichef矩估计图像可能经历的几何攻击的参数来还原图像,其中,原始图像的Tchebichef矩可作为水印检测器的密钥.水印嵌入过程结合人类视觉系统的特性,且可在任何图像变换域中实现,给出了小波域的一种实现方法.水印检测过程采用独立分量分析技术不仅可以检测到水印而且可以提取水印,实现了真正意义上的盲检测.实验结果表明,该水印算法对于通用水印测试软件Stirmark提供的各种攻击具有很好的鲁棒性.     

基于Harris-Laplace特征区域的遥感图像水印算法

针对现有遥感影像数字水印算法多为全局水印算法,抵抗旋转、行列剪切、水平镜像以及联合几何攻击能力较差,提出一种基于Harris-Laplace特征区域的局部化遥感影像水印算法。算法依据密钥生成一个随机序列,对其实施二值化,并选取一段作为待嵌入的数字水印;在宿主遥感影像中提取Harris-Laplace特征点,并依据其确定水印嵌入特征区域;最后,根据待嵌入的水印信息,将所选特征区域进行圆环划分,利用奇偶量化方法将水印嵌入其中。实验证明该算法对JEPG压缩、噪声及滤波等常规信号处理具有较好鲁棒性的同时,能够更好地抵抗旋转、缩放、平移及其联合等几何攻击。