Multimedia MedNet: a medical collaboration and consultation system

MedNet and its predecessor, NeuroNet, have been in use since 1985. The current system provides real-time monitoring and multiparty consultation during 1,600 brain surgeries per year     

A probabilistic SVM based decision system for pain diagnosis

Low back pain (LBP) affects a large proportion of the population and is the main cause of work disabilities worldwide. The mechanism of LBP remains largely unknown and many existing clinical treatment of LBP may be not effective to individual patients. Thus the diagnosis and treatment evaluation is crucial for LBP patients. Probabilistic support vector machine (PSVM) decision system is proposed in this article to deal with the diagnosis and treatment evaluation of LBP. The decision system consists of qualitative knowledge model and quantitative model. Expert knowledge and clinical experience are integrated into the design. To deal with the uncertainties in patients samples, PSVM is employed to learn the decision rules from data. The proposed decision system is applied to LBP patients and achieves better performance than the original system.     

POMME: a computer-based consultation system for apple orchard management using Prolog

Abstract: Direct dissemination of expert knowledge to agricultural producers through computer programs will increase product quality as well as the profit margin. The construction of an expert system, called POMME, to help farmers manage apple orchards is reported here. The system provides advice regarding specific pest management, treatment of winter injuries, drought control and general pesticide selection. A sample interaction is provided, and the knowledge structures employed in the construction of the system are explained. A model of the apple scab disease cycle is incorporated into POMME to give the system a more fundamental reasoning capability than available from typical rule-based systems.     

A consultation system for insulin therapy

This paper describes a computer system to advice on insulin therapy for diabetic in-patients. A mathematical model was developed to describe the effect of insulin on blood glucose (BG) level. The system uses an adaptive approach to analyse the response to an applied insulin dosage. It learns the patient's individual parameters. All conventional injection and insulin pump regimens are supported. The individualised model is used to predict BG level of the proposed insulin dosage. The system uses a generate-reject strategy to output optimum insulin therapy in terms of optimum BG. The predictive capability of the system was tested and it is able to predict BG with a precision of 2.5 mmol/l after 3 days and 6 days of insulin pump treatment and conventional injection therapy, respectively.     

LUCVAR: a computer-based consultation system for selecting lucerne (alfalfa) varieties

Abstract: Computer operated knowledge bases provide a means of rapidly providing agricultural producers with concise up-to-date information, which can be used to assist their decision making process. This paper reports on one such system, LUCVAR, which provides advice on the best lucerne varieties for a farmer to grow. The development and organisation of the knowledge base are outlined and examples are used to show the rule structures. A sample consultation is provided to demonstrate the interactive nature of the knowledge base.     

Towards a system for automatic facial feature detection

A model-based methodology is proposed to detect facial features from a front-view ID-type picture. The system is composed of three modules: context (i.e. face location), eye, and mouth. The context module is a low resolution module which defines a face template in terms of intensity valley regions. The valley regions are detected using morphological filtering and 8-connected blob coloring. The objective is to generate a list of hypothesized face locations ranked by face likelihood. The detailed analysis is left for the high resolution eye and mouth modules. The aim for both is to confirm as well as refine the locations and shapes of their respective features of interest. The detection is done via a two-step modelling approach based on the Hough transform and the deformable template technique. The results show that facial features can be located very quickly with Adequate or better fit in over 80% of the images with the proposed system.     

A computer filing system for drug use in a pregnancy consultation service

A computerized database for documenting drug use in pregnancy was set up on a personal computer. Summaries of the information available from the literature on more than 700 drugs taken during pregnancy have already been entered and are currently in use. This reliable, cheap, handy, and personal system (the first available on the topic) may be a potentially useful instrument not only for drug consultation services, but for individual physicians, too.     

PsyDis: Towards a diagnosis support system for psychological disorders

Psychological diagnosis is not a simple task. In spite of the amount of information and decision support systems available, mental disorders are still difficult to diagnose due to their intrinsic lack of formal boundaries. This paper presents PsyDis, a tool aimed to support the decision-making process in mental disorder diagnosis. PsyDis combines ontologies and logical inference mechanisms to offer decision support in the field of psychological clinical diagnosis. The system has been evaluated by means of two different studies. Results show notable accuracy of the system in terms of precision, recall and f measures.     

Automatic covariate selection in logistic models for chest pain diagnosis: a new approach

A newly established method for optimizing logistic models via a minorization-majorization procedure is applied to the problem of diagnosing acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The method provides a principled approach to the selection of covariates which would otherwise require the use of a suboptimal method owing to the size of the covariate set. A strategy for building models is proposed and two models optimized for performance and for simplicity are derived via 10-fold cross-validation. These models confirm that a relatively small set of covariates including clinical and electrocardiographic features can be used successfully in this task. The performance of the models is comparable with previously published models using less principled selection methods. The models prove to be portable when tested on data gathered from three other sites. Whilst diagnostic accuracy and calibration diminishes slightly for these new settings, it remains satisfactory overall. The prospect of building predictive models that are as simple as possible for a required level of performance is valuable if data-driven decision aids are to gain wide acceptance in the clinical situation owing to the need to minimize the time taken to gather and enter data at the bedside.     

A diagnosis scheme for a large-scale system

This paper presents a method for diagnosis in a large-scale system environment. The method utilizes the theory of hierarchical systems and hybrid diagnostic reasoning from AI (artificial intelligence). In shallow reasoning, which is a part of hybrid reasoning, the concept of entropy is used to determine which component (that might be responsible for a symptom observed) is to be tested next. The procedure is illustrated using a simulated example of a CIM (computer-integrated manufacturing) system, and is implemented on IntelliCorp's knowledge engineering environment (KEE).     

一种人脸皮肤图像诊断方法

在皮肤病诊断、化妆品功效判定和皮肤评价中都需要精确地检测和提取色斑、皱纹和毛孔。在人脸皮肤图像中截取一块矩形区域,设计了一个滤波器组对该区域图像进行诊断。该滤波器组包括一个小波同态滤波器和一个ε-滤波器组。一方面,把区域图像用小波同态滤波器滤波,进而检测出色斑。另一方面,把区域图像用ε-滤波器组滤波,进而检测出皱纹和毛孔。结合它们各自的特点和一些形态学图像处理算法分别对它们进行了提取。根据实验结果进行了分析,验证了方法的准确性。     

Personalized broad learning system for facial expression

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Understanding human emotions through facial expressions is key enabling technology for interactive robots. Most approaches of facial expression recognition are...     

A robust real-time facial alignment system with facial landmarks detection and rectification for multimedia applications

Face detection often plays the first step in various visual applications. Large variants of facial deformations due to head movements and facial expression make it difficult to identify appropriate face region. In this paper, a robust real-time face alignment system, including facial landmarks detection and face rectification, is proposed. A facial landmarks detection model based on regression tree is utilized in the proposed system. In face rectification framework, 2-D geometrical analysis based on pitch, yaw and roll movements is designed to solve the misalignment problem in face detection. The experiments on the two datasets verify the performance significantly improved by the proposed method in the facial recognition task and outperform than those obtained by other alignment methods. Furthermore, the proposed method can achieve robust recognition results even if the amount of training images is not large.

     

基于SIP的会诊系统的设计和实现

远程医疗是医学和通信技术的结合。利用基于SIP和视频会议系统的远程医疗技术，可以为人民提供了更方便、更快捷的医疗服务。通过已存在的会诊模型为基础，结合远程医疗设计并实现了基于SIP的远程会诊系统。该系统各部分可分别设计。并具有良好的可扩展性。最后详细地分析了此系统的结构和工作原理。     

Machine assessment of neonatal facial expressions of acute pain

We propose that a machine assessment system of neonatal expressions of pain be developed to assist clinicians in diagnosing pain. The facial expressions of 26 neonates (age 18–72 h) were photographed experiencing the acute pain of a heel lance and three nonpain stressors. Four algorithms were evaluated on out-of-sample observations: PCA, LDA, SVMs and NNSOA. NNSOA provided the best classification rate of pain versus nonpain (90.20%), followed by SVM with linear kernel (82.35%). We believe these results indicate a high potential for developing a decision support system for diagnosing neonatal pain from images of neonatal facial displays.     

Automatic coding of facial expressions displayed during posed and genuine pain

We present initial results from the application of an automated facial expression recognition system to spontaneous facial expressions of pain. In this study, 26 participants were videotaped under three experimental conditions: baseline, posed pain, and real pain. The real pain condition consisted of cold pressor pain induced by submerging the arm in ice water. Our goal was to (1) assess whether the automated measurements were consistent with expression measurements obtained by human experts, and (2) develop a classifier to automatically differentiate real from faked pain in a subject-independent manner from the automated measurements. We employed a machine learning approach in a two-stage system. In the first stage, a set of 20 detectors for facial actions from the Facial Action Coding System operated on the continuous video stream. These data were then passed to a second machine learning stage, in which a classifier was trained to detect the difference between expressions of real pain and fake pain. Naïve human subjects tested on the same videos were at chance for differentiating faked from real pain, obtaining only 49% accuracy. The automated system was successfully able to differentiate faked from real pain. In an analysis of 26 subjects with faked pain before real pain, the system obtained 88% correct for subject independent discrimination of real versus fake pain on a 2-alternative forced choice. Moreover, the most discriminative facial actions in the automated system were consistent with findings using human expert FACS codes.     

Development of a 3-D measurement and evaluation system for facial forms with a liquid crystal range finder

A 3-D measurement and evaluation system for facial forms was developed with a liquid crystal range finder (LCRF). Its mechanical resolution was approximately/= 0.4 mm, and it was capable of measuring >30000 points from the entire facial surface in one second. An original program was developed to identify facial landmarks using not only linear distances, but also 3D-curvatures and discriminant analysis of the RGB data. With this program, the 3-D identification of anthropometrical points became possible with high accuracy. Due to the rapidity of the measuring apparatus and morphological evaluation system, it became possible to analyze the facial forms of infants such as cleft lip patients three dimensionally, without any sedation. Therefore, 97 normal infants (mean: 4.3 months of age) were measured and analyzed with this system. A cleft lip infant was measured and compared with the normal infants before and after cleft lip surgery, and the improved points and remaining problems were clearly recognized.     

An expert system for engine fault diagnosis: development and application

The mass production and wider use of automobiles and the incorporation of complex electronic technologies all indicate that the control of faults should be given an integral part of engine design and usage. Today, artificial intelligence (AI) technology is widely suggested for systematic diagnosis of faults where the amount of well-defined diagnosis knowledge is vast and the sequence of steps required to identify the fault is very long. This article describes on an expert system application for automotive engines. A new prototype named EXEDS (expert engine diagnosis system) has been developed using KnowledgePro, an expert system development tool, and run on a PC. The purpose of the prototype is to assist auto mechanics in fault diagnosis of engines by providing systematic and step-by-step analysis of failure symptoms and offering maintenance or service advice. The result of this development is expected to introduce a systematic and intelligent method in engine diagnosis and mai ntenance environments.     

现代汽车远程诊断系统的研究

随着无线通讯技术、基于模型的诊断技术、人机接口技术、电子技术和嵌入式系统技术的快速发展,汽车诊断与维护方式将产生巨大的变化.可以在汽车正常行驶的同时,远程地诊断和维护汽车.本文分析汽车远程诊断与维护的现状、特点和发展趋势.     

Production rules as a representation for a knowledge-based consultation program

The MYCIN system has begun to exhibit a high level of performance as a consultant on the difficult task of selecting antibiotic therapy for bacteremia. This report discusses issues of representation and design for the system. We describe the basic task and document the constraints involved in the use of a program as a consultant. The control structure and knowledge representation of the system are examined in this light, and special attention is given to the impact of production rules as a representation. The extent of the domain independence of the approach is also examined.