基于高分辨率遥感影像的土地覆盖信息提取

高空间分辨率遥感影像使得土地覆盖和土地利用信息的提取成为可能。以高分辨率遥感影像数据IKONOS为主要数据源,以多尺度分割与基于模糊逻辑分类的面向对象影像分析方法为主要技术,自动提取株洲市城乡结合部的土地覆盖和土地利用信息。达到了提取郊区丘陵地带林地信息和城市建筑、道路等土地覆盖信息的目的,而且精度高,速度快。结果表明利用该方法对复杂的城乡结合部信息获取是可行的。     

基于遥感和陆表信息集成的广东省土地覆盖分类方法研究

土地覆盖信息是估算地-气间的生物物理过程和能量交换的关键参数,也是区域和全球尺度气候和生态系统过程模型所需要的重要参量。如何高效地利用遥感数据提取土地覆盖信息是当前研究迫切需要解决的问题。面向对象的分类方法不但充分利用了遥感数据的光谱信息,同时也利用了影像的纹理结构信息和更多的地物分布信息关系,在遥感分类中具有较大的潜力。研究基于2010年多时相的环境卫星数据、TM数据以及DEM数据,并结合地表采集的4000多个样点数据,采用面向对象的分类方法对广东省土地覆盖进行分类。经采样验证,广东省土地覆盖平均精度为85%,分类结果精度远高于常规的分类算法,说明结合陆表信息的面向对象分类方法比常规的分类算法更具有优势,可以实现高精度的土地覆盖分类。     

基于Lansat7 ETM+影像的城市道路信息提取研究

道路信息是遥感卫星影像中一种重要的地理专题信息，道路信息的提取在卫星数字图像自动解译方面具有理论与方法意义，如果能自动地从遥感卫星影像中提取出道路网，将会简化城市地物目标的分类和测量过程。研究结合了计算机和人在自动检测和识别上的优势，以ETM＋为数据源，提出了遥感卫星影像中道路特征半自动提取的一种方法。研究首先对ETM＋的多光谱影像和15m分辨率的全色影像进行融合，然后通过设计一个高通滤波器和统计滤波器，完成道路信息的检测与识别（其中高通滤波突出地物的线性特征、统计滤波则是消除高通滤波后的一些噪音），最后进行矢量化跟踪完成道路信息的提取。实践结果表明，该方法能够从中等分辨率遥感卫星影像中提取道路信息，取得了较好的精度效果。     

基于MODIS NDVI的LandsatTM影像地形阴影区光谱信息恢复方法研究

遥感为获取山区生态环境与资源信息提供了重要的观测手段。然而受地形遮蔽影响,山区光学影像大量的地形阴影给山区土地覆被解译以及生态参量的遥感反演带来了巨大困难。针对地形阴影光谱信息的恢复,提出了一种基于MODIS NDVI的Landsat TM影像地形阴影区光谱信息恢复方法。该方法首先利用MODIS上午、下午星(Terra和Aqua)不同时间过境能够对地形阴影区信息实现互补的特点,采用最大值合成法合成MODIS上、下午星16dNDVI产品(MOD13Q1和MYD13Q1),获得低空间分辨率影像上的阴影区光谱信息;在此基础上,考虑MODIS与Landsat的观测角度、光谱差异,设置滑动窗口及筛选规则提取MODIS与TM影像相匹配的同质纯像元;基于中、低空间分辨率影像中均匀同质像元存在一定统计关系的假设,进一步建立同质区域中TM影像光照区域与对应MODIS NDVI的回归树模型,利用该统计关系和阴影区MODIS的NDVI信息推导得出地形阴影区的光谱信息。将阴影光谱信息恢复后的影像与SCS+C校正后的影像进行比较和分析,结果表明该方法恢复得到的地形阴影的光谱信息能够更好地反映阴影区信息,同时光谱保真程度较好。随着越来越多的中高空间分辨率卫星影像的发展,采用多源卫星数据进行山地地形阴影区信息恢复将成为一个新的发展趋势,该方法以期为同类影像处理提供参考。     

无人机影像与地形指数结合的梯田信息提取

目前,通过卫星遥感、低空遥感影像自动,半自动化解译梯田信息有一定的研究进展,但是受数据获取成本、精度、解译方法单一等限制,只限于大面积提取梯田区域。低成本地进行梯田的田面精准提取以及面积统计仍需进一步研究。本文基于面向对象方法分别对0.5m分辨率的无人机正射影像和地形指数,及两种数据的结合进行梯田区域分割、提取及面积统计。结果表明,将正射影像数据与地形指数结合的梯田的田面提取结果优于基于单一数据源。     

土地复垦工程的遥感评价

现阶段,我国土地复垦及其评价工作越来越受到重视。结合课题研究工作介绍了土地开发整理遥感评价方法。通过实验区域的选取、实验区相关实地数据的收集、遥感影像选择、试验区遥感影像的处理和解译、影像信息分类等研究工作,提取了土地复垦开发整理项目的工程量指标,建立了土地复垦项目的工程量评价体系,分析提取的成果与实地数据一致,证明遥感评价方法有效可行。     

一种卫星遥感影像村庄区域提取算法

卫星遥感影像提取村庄区域在地理和气象领域均有十分重要的意义.针对卫星遥感影像的特点,提出了一种村庄区域提取方法.利用改进的去雾算法对卫星遥感影像进行预处理,通过遥感卫星影像的颜色特征实现分割,结合村庄区域分布特点进行去噪处理,实现卫星遥感影像村庄区域的提取.实验结果表明:该算法能够对卫星遥感图像中不同类型村庄区域进行提取,且提取准确率高,可以应用于地理以及气象等领域.     

改进SeMask主干网络的高分辨率遥感影像变化检测模型

随着城市化进程的加速和人口不断增加, 土地资源的利用和管理变得愈发重要. 高分辨率遥感影像技术的发展为土地覆盖类别变化检测提供了新的途径. 目前, 多数遥感影像变化检测任务主要针对显著建筑物的变化检测, 缺少对土地覆盖类别变化检测任务的研究, 本研究基于公开数据集, 对更多土地覆盖类别变化情况进行标注. 在原语义分割主干网络的基础上结合孪生网络结构, 提出适用于土地覆盖类别变化检测任务的检测模型, 该模型在网络的特征提取阶段加入变化引导模块, 以辅助网络关注两时相影像中的变化信息, 并在网络不同阶段加入通道信息交互模块, 以增强不同特征图的信息融合. 同时, 在特征提取阶段最后一层加入特征对齐模块, 以缓解下采样过程导致的特征偏移. 在土地覆盖类别变化检测数据集上的实验结果表明, 本文提出的方法可以有效提取影像中的变化信息, 并提高分割精度.     

基于改进支持向量机方法的影像分类和目标识别研究

利用卫星遥感影像进行土地利用变化监测的关键技术是影像分类与目标识别。本文提出了支持向量机的改进算法,基于小波核函数构建了小波模糊支持向量机。通过项目"集成卫星遥感与地形地籍数据进行土地利用变化检测"的研究和实验,力求在创新处理算法上取得突破,提高重点目标识别的准确性、可靠性。     

遥感提取叶面积指数的地形影响分析

结合1：50000DEM对贵州省黎平县内研究区的ETM 遥感影像进行地形纠正，分别使用地形纠正前后的图像建立植被指数与实测杉木林、阔叶林、竹林的叶面积指数相关关系，从而对研究区森林叶面积指数进行计算。研究表明，利用遥感影像计算山地丘陵林区叶面积指数时地形是一个重要的影响因素，它致使遥感影像提取的叶面积指数出现一定的偏差。因此．本文从电磁波辐射传输理论着手，采用一种地形影响去除方法，即先把遥感图像归一化为没有地形影响下的亮度图像，再通过该亮度图像提取森林叶面积指数，并通过实地观测数据验证了该地形纠正方法的有效性。同时，也提出了利用地形因子和遥感影像亮度值的关系计算大气程辐射的方法。     

Changes in snow and glacier cover in an arid watershed of the western Kunlun Mountains using multisource remote-sensing data

Snow and glaciers in the mountain watersheds of the Tarim River basin in western China provide the primary water resources to cover the needs of downstream oases. Remote sensing provides a practical approach to monitoring the change in snow and glacier cover in those mountain watersheds. This study investigated the change in snow and glacier cover in one such mountain watershed using multisource remote-sensing data, including the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Landsat (Multispectral Scanner (MSS), Thematic Mapper (TM), and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)), Corona, and Google Earth^TM imagery. With 10 years’ daily MODIS snow-cover data from 2002 to 2012, we used two de-cloud methods before calculating daily snow-cover percentage (SCP), annual snow-cover frequency (SCF), and annual minimum snow-cover percentage (AMSCP) for the watershed. Mann–Kendall analysis showed no significant trend in any of those snow-cover characterizations. With a total of 22 Landsat images from 1967 to 2011, we used band ratio and supervised classification methods for snow classification for Landsat TM/ETM+ images and MSS images, respectively. The Landsat snow-cover data were divided into two periods (1976–2002 and 2004–2011). Statistical tests indicated no significant difference in either the variance or mean of SCPs between the two periods. Three glaciers were identified from Landsat images of 1998 and 2011, and their total area increased by 12.6%. In addition, three rock glaciers were also identified on both the Corona image of 1968 and the Google high-resolution image of 2007, and their area increased by 2.5%. Overall, based on multisource remote-sensing data sets, our study found no evidence of significant changes in snow and glacier cover in the watershed.     

基于神经网络和数据融合的红树林群落分类研究

及时准确地掌握红树林群落现状信息可为保护和修复红树林生态系统提供重要的决策依据。对红树林群落进行遥感分类在实际应用中具有较大的意义。但红树林各群落间的光谱差异很微弱,有必要采用多源遥感数据融合的方法来提高分类的精度。本文以珠海淇澳岛红树林区为例,使用SAR图像与TM图像,探讨了监督分类、非监督分类以及神经网络分类3种分类方法和IHS融合、小波融合以及主成分融合3种融合方法对红树林群落进行分类的效果。结果表明,对SAR与TM主成分融合图像应用神经网络分类方法能够取得最好的分类效果。     

1:250000 Land-use map of Catalonia (32000 km2) using multi-temporal Landsat-TM data.

Multi-temporal TM data, collected in 1987, has been processed in order to map twenty land-use categories over an area of 32 000 km². Geometrical correction is accomplished by applying digital correlation techniques between TM images and a Ground Control Points (GCPs) data base. The data base, consisting of over 1000 GCPs, is composed of 15 by 15 pixels sub areas centred at UTM coordinates of all the control points used in previous studies. Principal components derived from multi-temporal data were subjected to unsupervised classification, and the spectral classes obtained were labelled using a semiautomatic process. The overall classification accuracy obtained is 85.6 per cent.     

A comparison of contextual classification methods using Landsat TM

The performance of contextual classification methods is evaluated using Landsat TM data. Classes of pixels adjacent to the pixel to be classified are assumed to be conditionally independent given the class of the pixel to be classified. An assumption of autocorrelated spectral reflectance is made in three of the methods. Methods that utilize information from one image and images from two different occasions are compared.Our results indicate that an autocorrelation method utilizing images from two different occasions performs optimally.     

基于面向对象方法的遥感土壤盐渍化信息监测——以渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为例

遥感技术由于具有观测范围广、实时强等特点适合用来研究土壤盐渍化现象。利用遥感手段提取盐渍土信息已经取得了一定的成效。利用面向对象方法,以TM卫星图像数据和野外实地数据为数据源进行提取盐渍地信息。首先,对遥感影像进行预处理,预处理包括几何校正和辐射校正,然后对图像进行图像分割,图像分割使用了分割方法的多尺度分割法、特征选择、面向对象分类和分类图像进行精度评价。对面向对象方法和传统的基于像元分类（最大似然法和最小距离法）结果进行对比分析。结果表明：利用面向对象方法对TM遥感图像进行分类,能有效抑制“椒盐现象”的发生,分类精度比传统的分类方法更高,为盐渍地信息的自动提取提供了广阔的前景。     

A non-parametric,supervised classification of vegetation types on the Kaibab National Forest using decision trees

Traditional land classification techniques for large areas that use Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery are typically limited to the fixed spatial resolution of the sensors (30 m). However, the study of some ecological processes requires land cover classifications at finer spatial resolutions. We model forest vegetation types on the Kaibab National Forest (KNF) in northern Arizona to a 10-m spatial resolution with field data, using topographical information and Landsat TM imagery as auxiliary variables. Vegetation types were identified by clustering the field variables total basal area and proportion of basal area by species, and then using a decision tree based on auxiliary variables to predict vegetation types. Vegetation types modelled included pinyon-juniper, ponderosa pine, mixed conifer, spruce- and deciduous-dominated mixes, and openings. To independently assess the accuracy of the final vegetation maps using reference data from different sources, we used a post-stratified, multivariate composite estimator. Overall accuracy was 74.5% (Kappa statistic = 49.9%). Sources of error included differentiating between mixed conifer and spruce-dominated types and between openings in the forest and deciduous-dominated mixes. Overall, our non-parametric classification method successfully identified dominant vegetation types on the study area at a finer spatial resolution than can typically be achieved using traditional classification techniques.     

Rock unit discrimination on Landsat TM,SIR-C and Radarsat images using spectral and textural information

The paper presents results for spectral and textural analysis of the rock units in Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images, dual-band (L and C) and dual-polarization (HH and HV) Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR)-C images, and C-band HH polarization Standard Beam 4 and Extended High Incidence Beam 3 Radarsat images from a study area between California and Arizona, USA. Fractal dimension, lacunarity and grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) textural feature images were created from the SIR-C and Radarsat images. Fractal dimensions were calculated using a differential box counting method and lacunarity measures were obtained using a new grey-scale lacunarity estimation method for 36 sample images extracted from the SIR-C and Radarsat images. The fractal dimension and lacunarity curves and class signature separability analysis show that, for rock unit discrimination using image textural features in the study area, the SIR-C L-HH image is more suitable than other SIR-C images and Radarsat images, and that co-polarization (HH) generally provides more textural information than cross-polarization (HV) in the study area. The study also shows that lacunarity measures can reveal the scaling properties of radar image textures for rock units. The combination of spectral information from Landsat TM images and textural information from radar images improves the image classification accuracy of rock units in the study area.     

基于Munsell HSV变换的TM影像 水体提取方法研究

目前基于TM影像的水体信息提取方法有很多种,但是都很难快速、准确、客观地消除山体或建筑物阴影的影响。对常用的几种提取方法进行了验证论述,并基于孟塞尔（Munsell）HSV色彩变换,构建了新的水体提取模型（WEM：TM2-TM5>0且Sat-Va>0）。结果表明,基于该模型可以很好地消除阴影的影响,准确地提取水体信息。
     

Discrimination of sedimentary lithologies using Hyperion and Landsat Thematic Mapper data: a case study at Melville Island,Canadian High Arctic

The use of remote-sensing techniques in the discrimination of rock and soil classes in northern regions can support a diverse range of activities, such as environmental characterization, mineral exploration and the study of Quaternary paleoenvironments. Although images with low spectral resolution can commonly be used in the mapping of classes possessing distinct spectral properties, hyperspectral images offer greater potential for discrimination of materials characterized by more subtle reflectance properties. In an effort to better constrain the utility of broadband and hyperspectral datasets in high-latitude research, this study investigated the effectiveness of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and EO-1 Hyperion data for discrimination of lithological classes at eastern Melville Island, Nunavut, Canada. TM data were classified using a standard neural-network algorithm, and both TM and Hyperion data were linearly unmixed using ground-truth spectra. TM classification results successfully discriminate between classes over much of the study area, although with incomplete separation between clastic and carbonate materials. TM unmixing results are poor, with useful class separation restricted to vegetation and red-weathered sandstone classes. Hyperion results effectively depict the fractional cover of end members, although the abundance images of several classes contain background abundance values that overestimate surface exposure in some areas. For the study area and surface classes involved, noisy hyperspectral data were found to be of greater utility than higher-fidelity broadband multispectral data in the generation of fractional abundance images for an inclusive set of surface-cover classes.