基于MapReduce的增量数据挖掘研究

频繁项集挖掘是数据挖掘过程中的重要部分,传统数据挖掘算法中常用Apriori算法和FP增长算法来挖掘频繁项集。在实际应用中,传统算法往往不能用于频繁更新的数据库,采用IMBT数据结构能从不断更新的数据库中挖掘频繁项集,但是这将导致存储空间不足和运行效率低下的问题。基于MapReduce的增量数据挖掘能够有效解决这些问题,通过对比基于MapReduce的增量数据挖掘和传统增量数据挖掘的运行时间可以证明,基于Mapeduce的增量数据挖掘更高效。     

基于项编码的分布式频繁项集挖掘算法

Apriori算法是解决频繁项集挖掘最常用的算法之一,但多轮迭代扫描完整数据集的计算方式,严重影响算法效率且难以并行化处理。随着数据规模的持续增大,这一问题日益严重。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于项编码和Spark计算框架的Apriori并行化处理方法——IEBDA算法,利用项编码完整保存项集信息,在不重复扫描完整数据集的情况下完成频繁项集挖掘,同时利用Spark的广播变量实现并行化处理。与其他分布式Apriori算法在不同规模的数据集上进行性能比较,发现IEBDA算法从第一轮迭代后加速效果明显。结果表明,该算法可以提高大数据环境下的多轮迭代的频繁项集挖掘效率。     

在单向FP—tree上挖掘最大频繁项集

针对稠密数据集．提出一种基于单向FP—tree的最大频繁项集挖掘算法Unid_FP-Max2。该算法在挖掘过程中只生成被约束子树,而它是一种虚拟的树结构,在原有的单向FP—tree基础上用三个很小的数组来表示．因而避免了以往算法需递归构造条件FP—tree来计算最大频繁项集的弊端,极大的降低了内存空间和时间开销,提高了挖掘效率。实验表明,与FP—Max算法相比。算法的效率提高了1倍以上。     

在单向FP-tree上挖掘最大频繁项集

针对稠密数据集．提出一种基于单向FP—tree的最大频繁项集挖掘算法Unid_FP-Max2。该算法在挖掘过程中只生成被约束子树,而它是一种虚拟的树结构,在原有的单向FP—tree基础上用三个很小的数组来表示．因而避免了以往算法需递归构造条件FP—tree来计算最大频繁项集的弊端,极大的降低了内存空间和时间开销,提高了挖掘效率。实验表明,与FP—Max算法相比。算法的效率提高了1倍以上。     

基于索引数组的频繁项集挖掘算法*

基于现有的关联规则挖掘算法,提出了一种通过循环迭代增加项为项集后缀的方式产生所有项集的新方法,构造了一种新的数据结构—索引数组,存储所发现的频繁1-项集及其相关信息,以便快速发现项集与事务之间的关系;并提出了一种基于索引数组的频繁项集挖掘新算法。该算法只需扫描数据库两次就能发现所有频繁项集。实验结果表明,该算法可以有效提高频繁项集的挖掘效率。     

基于FP树的多最小支持度广义关联规则挖掘算法

采用MIS-tree结构保存频繁模式的信息提出了基于频繁模式增长挖掘原型的CFP-tax算法,该算法可避免候选集的生成和高代价的数据库扫描并能高效地找出数据库中所有频繁项集.基于虚拟数据集对算法的性能进行了评估,结果表明CFP-tax算法比经典的MMS-Cumulate算法性能有显著的提高.     

一种基于FP-Growth的频繁项目集并行挖掘算法

FP-Growth算法是基于FP树挖掘频繁项目集的经典算法,为提高FP-Growth算法挖掘大规模数据频繁项目集的效率,提出了一种基于FP-Growth的频繁项目集并行挖掘算法FPPM。该算法基于Map/Reduce并行模型,在每个计算节点上首先构造局部频繁模式树,并对之进行挖掘得到局部频繁项目集,然后合并局部频繁项目集以得到全局频繁项集,由于此时得到的结果并不完备,所以对合并后未达到最小支持度阈值的项目集,重新计算其支持数。介绍了FPPM算法的设计思想,测试了其性能。实验结果表明FPPM算法具有较好的可扩展性。     

挖掘数据流中的频繁模式

发现数据流中的频繁项是数据流挖掘中最基本的问题之一．数据流的无限性和流动性使得传统的频繁模式挖掘算法难以适用．针对数据流的特点,在借鉴FP-growth算法的基础上．提出了一种数据流频繁模式挖掘的新方法：FP—DS算法．算法采用数据分段的思想,逐段挖掘频繁项集,用户可以连续在线获得当前的频繁项集,可以有效地挖掘所有的频繁项集,算法尤其适合长频繁项集的挖掘．通过引入误差ε,裁减了大量的非频繁项集,减少了数据的存储量,也能保证整个数据集中项目集支持度误差不超过ε.分析和实验表明算法有较好的性能．     

矩阵与前缀树方法挖掘频繁项集

传统频繁项集挖掘算法的执行效率较低。提出了一种基于矩阵与前缀树的频繁项集挖掘算法MPFI,能快速地挖掘事务数据库中的频繁项集。MPFI算法只需扫描事务数据库一次,构建垂直方向的二进制矩阵,应用二进制位向量表达频繁项集信息,利用前缀树压缩存储频繁项集的相关信息,不产生候选项集。理论分析与实验结果表明,MPFI算法能有效地提高频繁项集挖掘效率。     

有效的不确定数据概率频繁项集挖掘算法

针对已有概率频繁项集挖掘算法采用模式增长的方式构建树时产生大量树节点,导致内存空间占用较大以及发现概率频繁项集效率低等问题,提出了改进的不确定数据频繁模式增长(PUFP-Growth)算法。该算法通过逐条读取不确定事务数据库中数据,构造类似频繁模式树(FP-Tree)的紧凑树结构,同时更新项头表中保存所有尾节点相同项集的期望值的动态数组。当所有事务数据插入到改进的不确定数据频繁模式树(PUFP-Tree)中以后,通过遍历数组得到所有的概率频繁项集。最后通过实验结果和理论分析表明:PUFP-Growth算法可以有效地发现概率频繁项集;与不确定数据频繁模式增长(UF-Growth)算法和压缩的不确定频繁模式挖掘(CUFP-Mine)算法相比,提出的PUFP-Growth算法能够提高不确定数据概率频繁项集挖掘的效率,并且减少了内存空间的使用。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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