基于CCD传感器的砂轮轮廓测量系统设计

为实现激光修整砂轮过程中的砂轮轮廓测量,分析了激光三角法的测量原理,并选用基于三角法的CCD激光位移传感器、精密电控移动平台和数字信号处理器(DSP)等搭建了砂轮轮廓测量系统。系统采用DSP设计传感器控制和数据处理电路,以实现其在激光修整砂轮过程中的应用。传感器测量精度验证实验和激光修整砂轮实验结果表明:CCD位移传感器的测量精度达7μm,所设计的轮廓测量系统能准确测量出砂轮轮廓,并成功应用于激光修整砂轮系统,具有良好的实用价值和应用前景。     

激光三角法在物面倾斜时的测量误差研究

相比传统的触针式测量,激光位移传感器因其高精度和非接触式测量的优点,在机械工程中已广泛使用。鉴于激光三角法的设计原理,当工件产生倾斜角时,激光位移传感器会产生误差。通过激光位移传感器、精密电移台、精密旋转台构建了实验测量系统,对测量数据使用Matlab进行分析,所用电移台的重复精度小于5μm,测得了不同倾斜角度下激光传感器的误差,用最小二乘法拟合进行了误差补偿。实验证明：误差标定后,激光传感器在测量倾斜物面时仍能保证高精度。     

基于CMOS激光位移传感器的板厚测量系统

为了提高板材厚度参数的测量效率和精度,本系统利用CMOS激光位移传感器,通过激光三角法实现板材厚度的测量,并利用MPC08运动控制卡控制交流伺服系统实现激光位移传感器的测量定位,同时计算机对采集数据进行分析处理、显示和存储.实验表明该系统运行稳定可靠,测量效率大幅提高.     

基于CCD的激光三角位移法测液位的性能研究

针对国内石油化工等行业中液位测量方法存在测量精度差、结构复杂及抗干扰能力弱等不足,利用激光位移传感器测量速度快、精度高、抗干扰能力强等优点,设计了一种新型的直射式激光液位测量系统。试验结果验证了该系统在液位精确测量中应用的正确性和可行性,提高了测量的稳定性和抗干扰性,激光三角位移法必将成为精确液位测量的发展方向。     

基于FPGA与DSP的一体化激光三角位移传感器系统

从激光三角传感器的原理出发,设计了一种基于FPGA与DSP的一体化智能激光位移传感器系统,能够在保证位移测量精度的同时简化系统结构、减小系统体积;主要由FPGA控制CCD与激光器的驱动及实现与上位机的通讯,由DSP负责数据的处理从而得到优化的激光强度值及光斑定位信息;重点介绍了FPGA的设计及DSP的算法;最后对系统进行标定,并进行精度实验;实验结果表明,该一体化系统能够在100mm的工作范围内达到10μm的测量精度。     

基于线性补偿的测距传感器结构设计与参数优化

本文分析了传统的三角法结构和原理,传统的三角法测量虽然测量精度较高,但是测量范围小,为此引出了新的设计方案,推导出了测距方程表达式,并对其参数进行了优化,此结构与传统三角法结构相比,在不改变线阵CCD传感器尺寸的情况下,适当改变各参数的大小可大大提高测量范围。由于各参数之间的约束关系及三角法的结构造成在大量程测量时线性度与精度不断下降,因此提出了一种基于线性补偿的高精度测距方法,用最小二乘法思想对曲线拟合,经数值分析与线性补偿最后使物体位移与像点位移线性输出,降低了系统的误差。经理论分析,此方案是可行的,同时为实现高精度大位移的测量提供了参考的依据。     

分立式激光位移传感器设计

针对制式激光位移传感器不能满足复杂检测环境下几何尺寸检测需求的问题,提出了分立式激光位移传感器的设计方法.此方法可根据检测要求,将激光源与光电探测器分立布置,依据激光三角测距等原理确定系统分立设置的参数,并通过数据采集与标定建模等手段实现激光位移测量的功能.最后通过一设计实例,验证了该方法的可行性.     

基于线阵CCD的新型微位移传感器的研究

常用的激光三角法微位移传感器适用于直线位移测量,不适用于微小角位移的动态测量.因此研制了一种新型的基于线阵CCD的微小角位移传感器,采用平行光斜射式激光三角法,由准直透镜、聚焦透镜及光栏等光学器件、高速线阵CCD及由CPLD、信号发生电路和采样保持电路等构成的实时信号处理电路组成,具有结构简单,线性度好,灵敏度高,测量频率高,分辨率高和实时性好等特点;介绍了其结构和工作原理,实验测试其特性,并将其应用于高频电-机械转换器动态特性的测量.研究表明该传感器的最大量程为0.2rad,分辨率为0.0002rad,最高测量频率为10 kHz,可应用于高频电-机械转换器等元件的微小角位移的特性的动态检测.     

基于激光三角法的大内径测量系统

为了实现工业大尺寸内径参数的测量,这里设计了一套基于激光三角法的大尺寸内径精密检测系统;首先,通过TMS320F2812采集激光位移传感器的相对位移;然后,通过Zigbee无线模块实现DSP与PC机之间的数据与控制通讯,同时将极坐标下的位移量转化到直角坐标系下,最后通过最小平方中值法剔除粗大误差,然后用最小二乘法得到内径参数,使其平均误差是常规最小二乘法1/6,并且对激光位移传感器的倾斜误差以及测量臂的偏心误差提出了校正和补偿方案,提高了系统的精度.     

一种新型光谱共焦位移测量系统研究

设计并搭建了一种光谱共焦位移测量系统。利用高斯拟合算法拟合每组实验数据,获取光谱响应曲线峰值对应的光波长值,采用Levenberg-Marquardt算法优化求解高斯函数的参数向量;利用双频激光干涉仪对系统进行标定,获得光波长和反射镜位移之间的对应关系;对整个系统作精度分析。实验结果表明:高斯拟合算法适合作为该位移测量系统的数据处理方法;用双频激光干涉仪对系统标定的方法能够准确定位反射镜的位置。该设计系统的测量范围为20 mm,测量精度为10μm,能够满足一定精度的测量要求。     

基于PTZ相机的激光远程除冰视觉测距技术研究

介绍了一种基于PTZ (Pan/Tilt/Zoom)相机的测量范围可调的激光三角测距新方法,利用VS2015和OpenCV,设计实现了针对大型户外目标的激光远程除冰视觉测距系统,通过自行开发的软件进行相机云台PTZ运动控制及激光光斑识别定位,并借助PTZ相机水平360°全角度旋转、垂直90°翻转及23倍光学变倍能力,实现了40 m范围内不同位置目标的距离测量;测距实验结果表明,系统测量误差在Zoom=3倍时不大于54 mm,在Zoom=5倍时不大于27 mm,在Zoom=10倍时不大于19 mm,在Zoom=15倍时不大于15 mm,在Zoom-20倍时不大于11 mm,测量误差随测量距离的增大而增大、随镜头变倍值的增大而减小.     

Evaluate error sources and uncertainty in large scale measurement systems

Modern manufacturing technologies place increasingly higher demands on industrial measurement systems. Over the last decade there have been rapid developments in 3D measurement systems, with the primary requirement coming from industries such as automotives, aerospace, shipbuilding and power plant equipments for accuracy and efficiency. This paper focusses on the analysis of large scale scanning techniques using a laser scanner; investigating the errors which arise during the measurement process and the uncertainty calculations for the measurements. Both point measurement and surface measurement has been performed and the result shows that the consistency of distance measurements between two points was 65 μm and between two surfaces was 9 μm. The laser scanner requires scans from different positions which have to be aligned. The result shows that reference frame alignment is the best method when compared to the tooling ball best fit method, fitting to 17 μm when using the laser scanner.     

基于PSD激光三角测量的非线性校正电路

激光三角测量是目前非接触测量的主要方法之一,由于位移量与像面上光点位置的关系不是线性的,这在用位置敏感探测器(PSD)构成的探测系统中造成了非线性问题。提出一种新的模拟信号处理方法和电路补偿了这种非线性,实现了非线性校正。     

A high-sensitivity 3D shape measurement method using a microscope

Optical microscopes generally have magnifications ranging from several tens to several thousands and they are often used to observe micro-specimens. Three-dimensional (3D) shape measurements of specimen surfaces are used in a wide range of fields including medicine, pharmacy, life science, and materials science. Conventional methods invariably employ 3D measurement techniques that involve adjusting the focal length of a microscope, which requires a complex automatic adjustment mechanism. Furthermore, since the depth is determined by controlling the focal length, 3D measurements have a low sensitivity. To realize a 3D measurement system with a simple configuration and a high measurement accuracy, we propose a high-sensitivity 3D shape measurement method that employs a microscope and is based on a pattern projection technique. The measurement system consists simply of a conventional optical microscope, a line laser, and a computer. The 3D measurement method employs slit pattern projection. A slit pattern produced by the line laser beam is projected onto the target surface and a reflected image is obtained using a camera installed on the microscope. 3D shape information of the target is obtained using image processing based on the triangulation method. We obtain 3D shape information of the target surface by scanning the slit projection pattern across most of the target surfaces by translating the stage on which the specimen is mounted. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

用于空中加油的激光测距与双目视觉融合算法

依据空中加油自动对接阶段的高精密测量需求，设计了双目视觉与激光测距融合的测量系统。分别分析了双目视觉与激光测距的误差和系统实时性，采用二维摆镜结合激光测距机测距，解决多传感器融合的时滞问题。并提出数据融合算法，利用双目视觉粗测的三维信息，调整摆镜使激光测距机精测距离，依据光路进一步修正该距离值，再依据空间几何关系修正双目视觉光轴方向的测量值，从而获取高精度的三维信息。多次试验结果表明：设计的融合算法能够使测量精度提升到10 mm/20 m，极大提高了自动对接的可靠性，为空中加油自动对接提供了一种新的高精度测量方法。     

Laser triangulation sensor and six axes anthropomorphic robot manipulator modelling for the measurement of complex geometry products

A laser triangulation sensor and six-axis manipulator mathematical modeling for the measurement of complex geometry parts will be outlined in the article. The integrated system model is showed covering the laser triangulation sensor, the geometry of the manipulator and the relative positions of the components during the measurement process. The method to calibrate the sensor and relate the positions of the sensor and the robot is explained in this work. The measurement process is carried out with the parameters calculated with this method and the nominal parameters of the robot. Finally, plane surfaces with holes and termination of tubes placed in different orientations will be measured; the accuracy of the integrated system (sensor and robot) will be presented as well.     

Real-Time Range Measurement Device for Three-Dimensional Object Recognition

This correspondence describes a real-time range measurement device for detecting the range, shape, and position of a three-dimensional object by a light stripe projection method. The device consists of a light stripe projection unit, a light stripe scanning control unit, a TV camera, a signal processing unit, and a microcomputer. While a laser light stripe is projected and scanned on an object at a high speed, range measurements and their calculations are done with special hardware. Range data are obtained by triangulation. This device can detect the range and shape of the object placed in a 60 cm square area at a distance of 100 cm in 490 ms by 48 × 50 points. The measurement accuracy of the device is ±2.0 cm. A sorting system for machine parts using this device has also been developed. By use of a unique range gating method, the system can discriminate three types of machine parts on a conveyor belt in 4.0 s.     

激光三角法测距传感器的参数优化

为了使激光三角测距传感器适应漫反射较弱的光滑被测表面,提高测量精度,分析了工作角取值对漫反射光采集的影响,以及成像系统参考点处垂轴放大率与光学分辨率的关系,对传感器的结构参数进行了优化.实验结果表明:对于表面粗糙度Ra小于0.8μm的被测面,工作角取值不应大于40°以保证成像质量;在成像良好的情况下,参考点的垂轴放大率越大,系统测量精度越高,实验系统在60 mm工作距下测量误差小于5μm.     

基于激光三角法的同步扫描形貌测量传感器

为了克服传统的激光三角非同步物体形貌测量传感器,在深度方向的测量精度和横向测量视场相互制约的固有缺点,设计了一种新型的激光同步扫描物体形貌测量传感器.传感器以激光三角测量法为基本原理,通过所设计的光路系统,实现激光投射方向与相机成像方向的同步扫描.本文研制了基于高速旋转的十二面转镜和线阵CCD相机为主体的实验样机,实现了测量深度方向和横向视场的相互独立,并结合精密电控位移导轨和激光跟踪仪等搭建了实验系统平台.在传统非参数标定方法基础上,提出了一种适用于该传感器的映射标定方法,能够准确快速的标定该传感器.系统利用激光跟踪仪进行比对实验验证,结果表明:单点重复性小于0.07 mm,测量精度优于0.25 mm.测量传感器具有精度高、速率快、稳定性好等优点,对于物体表面形貌快速精密测量有着广泛的应用前景.