软件互操作及其在Web数据库中的实现

文章介绍了软件互操作的基本原理,讨论了当今的软件互操作方法,提出了设计Ｗｅｂ数据库中软件互操作的方法。     

支持互操作的构件库管理系统

本文针对构件库互操作问题提出了基于软件适配器的构件库互操作模型,并应用此模型设计和实现了相应的构件库管理系统。文章介绍了构件库管理系统的组成及功能,重点阐述了互操作模型的设计思想,并通过实例对模型如何支持互操作的实现方法进行了说明。     

基于软件能力模型的匹配机制

国际标准ISO16100制定了软件能力描述的规范，提出了加强软件互操作和数据交换能力的方法学。基于该国际标准，本文研究了软件互操作和数据互交换的实现机制；分析了在不同情况下软件匹配的规则，尤其针对遗留系统的互操作，分析了各种进行语义匹配的方法，并提出了相应的系列算法；原型系统的实现，验证了算法的可行性、合理性；通过对算法的时间复杂度的分析，说明了算法的实用性。     

元数据互操作技术探讨

首先分析了元数据互操作的三个层次和当前互操作技术的发展趋势；然后以元数据互操作技术OAI为实例分析，简单介绍了OAI的技术框架和OAI协议的主要特点，并给出了元数据采集系统一般的设计方法和需要考虑的问题；最后对元数据互操作的几种技术进行了效益分析和比较，并介绍了设计一个复杂的系统时通常采用的策略。     

一种可扩展层次式RTI的设计与实现

由于HLA／RTI在联邦重用上的局限性，在对比分析现有RTI软件体系结构模型和RTI间互操作方法的基础上．设计实现了一种支持多联邦执行的可扩展层次式RTI软件，并对其软件功能和可扩展规模进行了测试，试验证明了此设计的可行性，为支持联邦级可重用和互操作给出了一个新的方法．     

几种支持互操作的GIS软件设计模式

GIS互操作是当前空间信息科学与技术发展的要求和趋势。为了支持互操作GIS软件的实现，该文提出了数据适配器、外观和桥接3种设计模式，为空间数据互操作和GIS功能互操作的软件开发提供了一种可复用的实现方案。旨在软件实现层面增强GIS的互操作性，提高软件质量和开发效率。     

一种基于移动Agent的数字图书馆互操作框架

互操作是实现数字图书馆（DLs)的集成（或联邦）需要解决的关键问题，其目的是将Web上广泛分布的，自治的，异构的DLs联合起来，利用统一的查询界面实现对多个DLs的透明访问，首先介绍了DLs互操作的实现方法，并指出了各自的优缺点：在此基础上，提出一种基于移动Agent的DLs互操作框架，并给出了基于该框架实现的一个原型系统。     

异构云环境中遥感数据资源的可信互操作模型研究

目前各个数据中心将遥感数据存储在不同云平台上，开放与互操作性是云计算的基础，为了构建协作共享、安全可信的互操作服务平台，本文构建了异构云环境互操作的可信系统架构，一方面解决不同环境之间的互操作服务问题，另一方面解决系统中存在的可信问题。据此，在介绍面向遥感数据资源存储和互操作的异构云环境的总体架构的基础上，探讨该平台下互操作的组成、服务流程等，并介绍遥感数据可信模型及资源的访问控制模型，以及其实现方法。最后，在示范验证平台中的应用实例表明该途径是切实可行的。     

服务发现协议互操作性的研究

针对目前存在的多个服务发现中间件而导致的互操作问题，提出了服务层上的基于服务代理的互操作解决方案。首先简单总结了互操作问题研究现状，提出了基于服务代理的互操作体系结构，并对其中各模块的功能以及运行过程给以详细介绍。然后，通过和现有的互操作解决方案进行比较，对本文提出的系统给以评估。最后，对将来需要解决的问题进行了探讨和展望。     

基于本体影射规则的软件集成重构研究

软件重构与系统互操作是计算机科学的普遍问题,从结构化设计、面向对象方法、代理技术以及标准化与开放系统,都把软件重用或重构作为基本目标,但实现异构系统协同还需要解决语义互操作问题,大量异构的遗留软件系统（legacy系统）在语义层上的冲突阻碍着它们间的重构与互操作,该言语分析了软件代理与基本体间的关系,给出了legacy软件重构框架;引入转换规则,采用精确或近似两种方法灵活地处理多本体间的语义转换,提出了基于本体转换的异构系统语义互操作算法。     

Full mobile agent interoperability in an IEEE-FIPA context

The existence of heterogeneous mobile agent systems hinders the interoperability of mobile agents. Several solutions exist, but they are limited in some aspects. This article proposes a full interoperability solution, in the context of the IEEE-FIPA agent standards, composed of three parts. The first part is a simple language-independent agent interface that enables agents to visit locations with different types of middlewares. The second part is a set of design models for the middlewares to support agents developed for different programming languages and architectures. And the third part is a method based on agents with multiple codes and a common agent data encoding mechanism to enable interoperability between middlewares that do not support the same programming languages. Furthermore two agent interoperability implementations, and its corresponding performance comparison, carried out over the JADE and AgentScape agent middlewares are presented.     

互操作性和部件标准化接口CORBA/DCOM

本文讨论了在网络计算环境下异构分布应用的复杂性，基于部件系统的优点及部件互操作性的重要性。介绍了解决互操作性的接口技术方案的基本概念及当前两种主流标准化接口ＣＯＲＢＡ与ＤＣＯＭ的原理及结构。最后评点了国内研究中应注意的问题。     

基于统一代理和面向服务的PDM与三维CAD双向集成技术

大型企业各部门可能采用了不同种类的软件产品,需要跨部门集成。然而,产品多样性、网络异构性给PDM与三维CAD的互操作及紧密集成造成了困难。本文提出一种面向服务和跨产品平台的双向集成策略,将PDM与主流三维CAD采用各自的统一服务代理封装成Web服务,采用各自的统一集成代理请求对方服务,以达到双向数据、业务和界面的集成。本文所提出的CAD统一接口模型可构建CAD统一服务代理,屏蔽了不同CAD二次开发接口的差异性;提出了一种GUI和网页元素的统一用户界面模型,能方便CAD交互式图形操作和Web页面操作的互动集成。应用表明,统一代理与Web服务技术相结合可以以较小代价、一致的方法较好地解决PDM与三维CAD的异构集成问题。     

Toward a business model reference for interoperability services

The importance of interoperability for businesses is undoubted. After an evolution from electronic data interchange to interoperability in electronic business and enterprise interoperability both the scientific and the practitioners’ community are today discussing the notion of interoperability service utilities. Furthermore, researchers are studying decentralized and distributed interoperability approaches such as peer-to-peer networks, for example. However, a comprehensive investigation of business models for such decentralized approaches to interoperability is still missing. Drawing from recent literature on business modeling on the one hand and interoperability research on the other hand this paper designs a business model reference for interoperability services. The business model reference assumes interoperability information as an economic good and is applied in two case studies and evaluated from multiple perspectives. The paper contributes to the scientific body of knowledge as it proposes a novel design artifact which lays the foundation for a number of future research opportunities.     

A semantic interoperability framework for software as a service systems in cloud computing environments

In cloud computing environments in software as a service (SaaS) level, interoperability refers to the ability of SaaS systems on one cloud provider to communicate with SaaS systems on another cloud provider. One of the most important barriers to the adoption of SaaS systems in cloud computing environments is interoperability. A common tactic for enabling interoperability is the use of an interoperability framework or model. During the past few years, in cloud SaaS level, various interoperability frameworks and models have been developed to provide interoperability between systems. The syntactic interoperability of SaaS systems have already been intensively researched. However, not enough consideration has been given to semantic interoperability issues. Achieving semantic interoperability is a challenge within the world of SaaS in cloud computing environments. Therefore, a semantic interoperability framework for SaaS systems in cloud computing environments is needed. We develop a semantic interoperability framework for cloud SaaS systems. The capabilities and value of service oriented architecture for semantic interoperability within cloud SaaS systems have been studied and demonstrated. This paper is accomplished through a number of steps (research methodology). It begins with a study on related works in the literature. Then, problem statement and research objectives are explained. In the next step, semantic interoperability requirements for SaaS systems in cloud computing environments that are needed to support are analyzed. The details of the proposed semantic interoperability framework for SaaS systems in cloud computing environments are presented. It includes the design of the proposed semantic interoperability framework. Finally, the evaluation methods of the semantic interoperability framework are elaborated. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed semantic interoperability framework for SaaS systems in cloud computing environments, extensive experimentation and statistical analysis have been performed. The experiments and statistical analysis specify that the proposed semantic interoperability framework for cloud SaaS systems is able to establish semantic interoperability between cloud SaaS systems in a more efficient way. It is concluded that using the proposed framework, there is a significant improvement in the effectiveness of semantic interoperability of SaaS systems in cloud computing environments.     

A generic interoperability testing framework and a systematic development process for automated interoperability testing

Interoperability is a prerequisite to allow users to access systems implemented by different vendors seamlessly. A good baseline to achieve interoperability is the implementation of a common set of standards. However, this is often not sufficient as different implementations of a standard are not necessarily interoperable. Therefore, different implementations of systems need to be assessed for interoperability by applying interoperability testing. In this article, we present a generic framework that enables automated interoperability testing with message checks, which assess the compliance of messages exchanged between systems. The goal of this framework is the provision of a basic functionality of interoperability test entities, the definition of a generic interoperability test environment, and guidelines for the specification of automated interoperability tests. The framework also considers aspects related to interoperability testing including verdicts, automation, and limitations of the system under test. Through the application of the framework, interoperability of systems can be assessed, systems can be validated, and standards can be improved. In addition, we present a systematic development process for automated interoperability tests to formalize the development and specification of an interoperability test system. We also consider aspects and critical issues, which are important for the development of a complete interoperability test system. The framework and the process are language and system technology independent. We present their application in a case study that includes interoperability tests for the Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) using the Testing and Test Control Notation Version 3 (TTCN-3).     

基于MFI的企业业务模型互操作能力度量方法研究

业界存在多种企业业务模型,模型的定义、描述、结构、功能及支持工具通常存在差异,这些差异导致业务模型间的部分语义互操作存在较大困难。绝大部分企业业务模型都能够通过4个维度(Role,Goal,Process,Service)来描述,因此,一个企业业务模型实际上是一个具体的RGPS模型,依此提出企业业务模型互操作能力度量方法。首先基于互操作性元模型框架MFI构建RGPS互操作性特征框架,再将特征框架定义为RGPS模型互操作性特征集;其次对业务模型特征所属类型与所具有的性质进行分析,定义数学方法,并基于互操作性特征集对模型特征进行标识与量化,得到模型实例;再次通过数据相似性算法计算模型实例间的相似性,得出RGPS模型集中任意两个模型间的互操作能力值,从而构建RGPS模型集的互操作能力度量矩阵;最后,采用该方法对不同领域间典型的企业业务模型互操作能力进行度量,分析并讨论度量结果,从而在一定程度上验证了互操作能力度量方法能促进并引导不同领域企业业务模型的有效协作。     

GIS互操作研究

首先分析了GIS（Geographic Information System）互操作,指出GIS互操作应包括GIS数据互操作和GIS处理功能互操作两个方面。GIS数据互操作采用GML（Geography Markup Language,地理标记语言）编码可以较好地实现;而通过对组件GIS思想的扩展和对组件注册模型的分析,GIS处理功能互操作以地理信息服务的形式出现。最后提出了采用Java技术构建的GIS互操作模型的系统结构。     

A survey on the service interoperability in cloud computing: Client-centric and provider-centric perspectives

The vendor lock-in is a prominent issue in cloud computing. It is caused by cloud providers who offer proprietary services, which hinders the cloud interoperability. Client-centric interoperability enables the migration of the data and applications across clouds; it gives the clients control over their workloads and a wider range of service choices. Whereas, provider-centric interoperability allows the providers to collaborate. Thus, providers, who have spare resources, can lend them to other providers who lack computational or storage capabilities to overcome the limitations of their local resources. In this article, we conduct a survey to differentiate between client- and provider-centric interoperability solutions. We aim to provide an up-to-date analysis of the current tendencies and the neglected areas of the cloud interoperability field. Thus, we study the cloud service interoperability evolution through the years. Furthermore, we propose definitions for the intra-cloud and inter-cloud interoperability. Moreover, we propose a taxonomy to classify the cloud interoperability approaches into client-centric and provider-centric categories. Then, for each category, we classify the approaches based on their interoperability environment into single cloud or interconnected clouds. Finally, we analyze and compare the approaches based on multiple criteria. The study reveals the focus on the client-centric solutions and the interoperability in interconnected clouds. We notice more interest in the data and application levels interoperability, mainly, in infrastructure as a service model. We also find that client-centric solutions are, mostly, semantic technologies and brokers. However, provider-centric solutions are middleware, protocols, and standards. We conclude that a generic cloud service interoperability model is needed.     

An evaluation and selection framework for interoperability standards

There is a wide range of standards available for the integration and interoperability of applications and information systems, both on domain-specific and domain-neutral levels. The evaluation and selection of interoperability standards are necessary in the application development and integration projects, when there is a need to assess the usefulness of existing models or to find open solutions. In addition, standards have to be evaluated when recommendations are made for a given domain or when their quality is examined. The evaluation of the scope and other aspects of interoperability standards is usually performed against project-specific requirements, but generic frameworks can be used for supporting the evaluation. In this article, we present a conceptual framework which has been developed for the systematic evaluation of interoperability standards. We also present an overview of a process for the evaluation of interoperability standards. We illustrate the use of these models with practical experience and examples.