A method of chromatic aberration compensation in holographic projection display based on a single spatial light modulator

In this paper, we propose a method of chromatic aberration compensation in holographic projection display based on a single spatial light modulator (SLM). By combining the hologram of the object with that of the digital lens, three color holograms with different focal lengths can be generated. Then, the SLM is divided into three parts, input three color holograms with different focal lengths to the SLM, and each occupies one‐third area of the SLM. We verify our method, and the results show its feasibility.     

用于混沌信噪分离的Neymark分解法的适用性研究

从几何投影的角度阐述了Neymark分解的空间物理意义．并用能量分布的观点解释了该方法实现噪声抑制的内在机理，然后通过几个典型的混沌信号在不同类型的噪声背景下的处理结果，说明了Neymark分解法在实现混沌信号与噪声分离时的局限性．指出了该方法的噪声抑制效果与目标信号和背景噪声在嵌入相空间中能量分布状况之间的关系，最后在此基础上总结出了空间投影类方法实现信噪分离的适用范围，从而为今后选择合适的混沌信号处理方法提供了依据。     

一种混合源环境下的波达方向估计方法

提出了一种基于均匀线阵的混合源波达方向DOA估计的新方法。该方法首先利用传统MUSIC方法估计出非相干信号源的DOA,然后对整个阵列数据协方差矩阵进行差分消除不相关源信号和噪声的影响,再对此差分矩阵进行特殊的空间平滑去相干,利用重建的数据协方差矩阵估计相干源的DOA。此方法的特点是分别估计不相关信号和相干信号的DOA,优点是在可估计出多于阵元数信号的前提下具有较高的DOA估计精度和稳健性。理论分析和仿真结果表明此方法的估计性能优于空间差分平滑算法。     

基于PMF-FFT的北斗B1I弱信号捕获算法研究

北斗B1频点信号中,由于NH码调制的影响,使得相干积分时间限制在1 ms,因此,在弱信号条件下,使用传统的捕获方法将无法捕获到卫星信号.针对B1I信号特点,提出了弱信号的捕获算法,该算法以PMF-FFT为单元,采用改进的相干积分的算法并结合差分相干积分算法捕获北斗信号,改进的相干积分算法可以克服NH码调制的影响,而差分相干积分相对于非相干积分算法可以降低平方损耗.仿真实验结果表明,当取改进相干积分次数为10,差分相干积分次数为3时,该算法能够成功捕获信噪比为-37 dB左右的微弱信号.     

基于数字波束形成的相干标签信号检测方法

以均匀直线阵为基础,提出一种在相干多径环境下检测标签信号的方法。结合加权空间平滑技术的MUSIC算法对相干多径信号的波达方向进行估计,根据波达角用线性约束最小方差准则调整权值,通过数字波束形成技术产生自适应定向波束,达到提高在相干多径环境下检测标签信号成功率的目的。实验结果证明了该检测方法的有效性。     

基于空时离散傅里叶变换投影的宽带旋转不变技术估计信号参数算法

利用采样频率和频域数据的关系,对空时离散傅里叶变换(DFT)投影方法进行改进,并且讨论分析了采样频率对其解相干性能的影响,然后将窄带旋转不变技术估计信号参数(ESPRIT)类算法应用到宽带相干源方位估计中,提出一种基于空时DFT投影的宽带ESPRIT算法。仿真结果表明,适当地增加采样频率可以改善空时DFT投影方法的方位估计性能,并且比起快速傅里叶变换(FFT)插值法,空时DFT投影方法具有更加优越的方位估计性能。     

大气激光通信中的光斑特性模拟和验证

根据空-地大气激光通信信道的特性,基于惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,应用夫琅禾费圆孔衍射的算法,对光波强度和光斑图像在光束截面内的分布进行分析及计算,研究了传输距离、发射孔径、激光波长以及湍流结构常数等对光斑形状及光强分布的影响。利用对数正态分布建立了大气湍流信道模型,通过对不同传输距离条件下光斑上不同点的光强分布进行计算统计和仿真分析,实验和仿真结果表明：光斑的光强分布图样服从贝塞尔分布。因此,在相同的大气湍流条件下,选择较长波长激光和较大孔径的发射器,可以有效降低光强闪烁引起的衰减,从而提高大气激光的通信质量。     

基于粒度计算和覆盖算法的信号样式识别

文章提出应用粒度计算和神经网络覆盖算法对通信信号的调制样式进行识别。采用数字信号处理方法,从已调信号中提取信号关键特征以及它们的统计值作为样本特征集。根据不同调制信号的特点,粗粒度处理训练样本形成新的学习样本并以此构造一个覆盖神经网络。然后利用得到的覆盖领域,进行样本识别。对粗粒度类别样本利用样本的关键属性进行投影区分。通过大量的仿真数据验证,此方法对通信信号样式识别取得了很好的效果。     

一种L型阵列的相干分步降维DOA估计方法*

针对相干信号二维波达方向(Direction Of Arrival,DOA)估计运算复杂度高的问题,本文提出了一种基于前后向空间平滑的分步降维MUSIC算法。该算法首先通过前后向空间平滑技术去相干,然后通过一维空间谱搜索得到一维入射角,最后通过最小二乘法得到二维入射角,进而得到相干信号的DOA。仿真实验表明该方法可以实现对相干信号的二维DOA估计,且具有较好的DOA估计性能,同时降低了运算复杂度。     

Distortion visualization techniques for 3D coherent sets: A case study of 3D building property units

In the fields of 3D cadastre and 3D property management system, numerous building property objects are adjacent as primary property units assemble into a 3D coherent set. During visualization process of the coherent set, occlusion, obscure, mazy spatial relationships and relative location relationships among the units of the coherent set cause difficulty in observing and understanding the set and its units. Common 3D objects viewing method, such as rotation and navigation obtaining desired visualization effects through adjusting the view angle and position of the camera's field of view, provides weak interactive experience and orientation control for the coherent set because of the neighbour relationships of the 3D objects inside the set. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to solve the prior problems with two basic distortion methods based on “focus + context” theory. The coherent set is first discretized into individual objects and changed them locations according to linear or orthogonal function, while keeping their relative location and dual topological relationships. To maintain both global context awareness (topology and locations) of 3D coherent set and highlight effect of the focus 3D building property object, three evaluation indexes are adopted to assess the corresponding distortion results. A case study based on the real clustered 3D property in Shenzhen was conducted to evaluate the performance of distortion functions, the result shows that the method proposed in this article can not only expand the visual area of focused object and create a clear line of sight (LOS) to the focal object previously obscured, but also maintain verticality and proximity in some degree to facilitate understand the spatial occupation and distribution of whole coherent objects.     

A high-sensitivity 3D shape measurement method using a microscope

Optical microscopes generally have magnifications ranging from several tens to several thousands and they are often used to observe micro-specimens. Three-dimensional (3D) shape measurements of specimen surfaces are used in a wide range of fields including medicine, pharmacy, life science, and materials science. Conventional methods invariably employ 3D measurement techniques that involve adjusting the focal length of a microscope, which requires a complex automatic adjustment mechanism. Furthermore, since the depth is determined by controlling the focal length, 3D measurements have a low sensitivity. To realize a 3D measurement system with a simple configuration and a high measurement accuracy, we propose a high-sensitivity 3D shape measurement method that employs a microscope and is based on a pattern projection technique. The measurement system consists simply of a conventional optical microscope, a line laser, and a computer. The 3D measurement method employs slit pattern projection. A slit pattern produced by the line laser beam is projected onto the target surface and a reflected image is obtained using a camera installed on the microscope. 3D shape information of the target is obtained using image processing based on the triangulation method. We obtain 3D shape information of the target surface by scanning the slit projection pattern across most of the target surfaces by translating the stage on which the specimen is mounted. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于MIMO-OFDM的雷达通信一体化收发方法

本文提出了一种基于MIMO-OFDM的雷达通信一体化共享信号收发方法,研究分析了MIMO-OFDM系统的信号模型以及在雷达通信一体化系统中通信信息调制在OFDM雷达信号上的处理方法。利用MIMO波束形成技术来实现雷达通信一体化信号的发射和接收处理,设计满足雷达目标探测方向和通信方向要求的发射方向图以实现雷达通信一体化信号的发射,同时接收波束形成分别在雷达目标方向和通信方向零陷从而获得通信信号和雷达回波,这样可以减轻其信号间干扰。数值仿真表明,所提出的雷达通信一体化共享信号收发方法可以提高一体化系统的通信性能,同时获得更精确的雷达目标参数。     

Design of large-angle distortion-free and spot adjustable LED spot array projector based on microlens array and eyepiece

The spot array projector has long been a challenging and intriguing research focus in the fields of projection and lighting applications. In the current literature, there is a lack of a comprehensive and detailed presentation on the design and analysis method for a spot array generator based on the structure of imaging eyepiece and MLA. We present a novel design and optimization method for a large-angle, distortion-free and spot adjustable LED spot array projector that is composed of an eyepiece, two microlens arrays (MLAs), and a micro-LED array (MLEDA). The eyepiece system is optimized using imaging optical methods to project sub-beams to the target plane with a large angle. The sub-lens of condenser MLA is also optimized using imaging optical methods to refocus the collimating beam and match the numerical aperture (NA) with the eyepiece, and the sub-lens of the collimating MLA is acquired by using simulated annealing (SA) global illumination optics optimization method to achieve collimation and far-field homogenization. The predistortion MLEDA and the MLAs are proposed and implemented by the radial basis function (RBF) interpolation method, which correct the large-angle distortion introduced by the eyepiece. Both near-field and far-field applications can be realized by the proposed system. In the near-field applications, different spot geometries at the near-field target plane can be achieved. In the far-field applications, the power matching of the MLEDA is used to improve far-field uniformity of spot array. Moreover, the predefined-geometry arrangement spot array can be realized in both near and far fields. Two design examples with full field of view (FOV) projection of 80° and 100° are provided to validate the proposed method. Overall, the proposed system offers a promising solution for various applications requiring target identification or 3D calibration.     

Laser‐speckle properties and their effect on target detection

Abstract— Laser projectors are currently being developed for use in high‐fidelity wide‐field‐of‐view displays. In order to assess the effects of laser speckle on target detection, contrast thresholds as a function of target spatial frequency on both a laser‐speckle background and a uniform‐luminance field have been measured. For all spatial‐frequency targets tested, speckle increased contrast thresholds relative to those obtained on the uniform field. In addition, a power‐spectral‐density metric for characterizing laser speckle and predicting its effect on target detection has been developed. To evaluate themetric, contrast‐energy thresholds on both a laser‐speckle background and backgrounds consisting of randomly modulated pixel luminance (i.e., pixel noise) have been measured. The results of previous studies, concerned with the detection of targets in wideband noise, suggest that these thresholds should be the same when the power spectral densities of the backgrounds are equated. It was found, however, that, for the same background power spectral density, energy thresholds on pixel noise were slightly higher than those obtained with laser‐speckle noise. This small difference could be accounted for, however, by the well‐documented individual differences in the optical parameters of the eye, particularly pupil size.     

The auto‐geometric correction of multi‐projector for cylindrical surface using Bézier patches

Geometric calibration to projection images is an indispensable operation for projection‐based spatial display. In this paper, we propose a new method for correcting images generated in a computer onto a cylindrical surface accurately, which can project a high‐resolution projection image with pixels matching avoiding too much manual operation. Images waiting to be projected are pre‐warped according to the rough correspondence between projectors and physical surface. To solve the errors resulting from unexpected pixel shifts in overlap projection area, we fit the Bézier interpolation to the images and apply the optimization theory with added constraints to correct the projection image accurately. This optimization process, by taking the pixels with specific significance on the images as the basis of calculation, avoids the traditional ways of translating the control points of the Bézier surface directly. The final results achieve a completely accurate projection picture even if the projection surface shape is inaccurate and irregular. We present the details of the proposed accurate calibration algorithm and illustrate our method, which, with its scalability, can achieve perfect projection efficiently and accurately with experiments.     

Retinal HDR images: Intraocular glare and object size

Abstract— Starting from measured scene luminances, the retinal images of high‐dynamic‐range (HDR) test targets were calculated. These test displays contain 40 gray squares with a 50% average surround. In order to approximate a natural scene, the surround area was made up of half‐white and half‐black squares of different sizes. In this display, the spatial‐frequency distribution approximates a 1/f function of energy vs. spatial frequency. Images with 2.7 and 5.4 optical density ranges were compared. Although the target luminances are very different, after computing the retinal image according to the CIE scatter glare formula, it was found that the retinal ranges are very similar. Intraocular glare strongly restricts the range of the retinal image. Furthermore, uniform, equiluminant target patches are spatially transformed to different gradients with unequal retinal luminances. The usable dynamic range of the display correlates with the range on the retina. Observers report that appearances of white and black squares are constant and uniform, despite the fact that the retinal stimuli are variable and non‐uniform. Human vision uses complex spatial processing to calculate appearance from retinal arrays. Spatial image processing increases apparent contrast with increased white area in the surround. Post‐retinal spatial vision counteracts glare.     

基于ACF时移组合的卫星BOC调制信号无模糊捕获方法

二进制偏移载波(BOC)调制作为一种新型信号调制方式被广泛应用于全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)中,然而,BOC调制信号自相关函数(ACF)的固有多副峰特征使得当利用传统捕获方法时可能会发生捕获模糊问题,导致接收机最终给出错误的定位结果.对此,提出基于ACF时移组合的BOC调制信号无模糊捕获方法,并给出相应的捕获电路实现结构.所提出方法利用BOC调制信号ACF的分段线性及自相关值在一个码片宽度外为0的特性,将BOC调制信号的ACF分别左右时移,再将两时移的结果与BOC调制信号ACF相乘可以得到新的合成相关函数.同时为了提高主峰能量,将合成相关函数除以一个归一化系数,最终得到适用于所有调制阶数的无模糊相关函数.仿真实验结果表明,在具有一定检测性能衰减的情况下,所提出算法能够在保留单一窄主峰的同时消去所有不期望的副峰,从而实现BOC调制信号的无模糊捕获.     

复杂背景下火灾疑似区域快速提取算法

针对火灾场景图像容易受到噪声干扰、光照变化等干扰因素的影响,难以实时有效地提取出火灾运动区域的问题,设计了一种适合于全天候高效工作的火灾火焰运动区域的快速提取算法,该算法根据像素点灰度信息分布和序列帧相关性,从时间域对背景模型和阈值进行自适应更新,并利用投影原理的二维统计原理,在基于运动目标区域空间相关性的基础上,实现了对火焰疑似区域的快速提取。实验结果表明,在1 920×1 080分辨率下,该算法总共消耗时间为0.232 ms。该算法解决了外界光线对目标区域提取的影响,同时火灾疑似区域检测的时间消耗以及算法复杂度也比区域聚类算法大大降低,较大地提高了算法的执行效率。     

基于透视投影下空间光照一致性分析的图像拼接篡改检测

将一个人的头像剪切并拼接到另一张照片中,是一种常见的图像篡改手段.如果将该合成照片用于敲诈勒索,会对社会带来严重危害.因此,用来检测图像篡改的图像取证技术具有重大意义.由于不同照片成像环境不同,拼接时很难做到不同人脸的光照绝对一致,因此可以通过光照是否一致检测篡改.以往光照估计方法基于平行投影的假设,利用照片投影光照进行光照一致性分析.实际上,相机针孔模型是透视投影,从而导致上述检测方法出现误差.针对这一问题,本文提出一种透视投影下物体空间光照估计算法,将各人脸姿态统一到相机坐标系下,估计各人脸相对于相机坐标系的空间光照,然后分析空间光照一致性.另外,根据人脸空间光照一致性约束可以优化出相机参数,并得到该参数下的等效焦距、人脸空间位置及重新透视投影的图像等空间信息.本文将空间光照的一致性和上述空间信息的合理性作为依据,对人脸图像进行拼接篡改检测.实验结果表明,相比于传统方法基于平行投影光照进行光照一致性分析,采用本文提出的方法得到的空间光照进行光照一致性分析具有更高的准确度,结合相关信息进行照片空间合理性分析的篡改检测方法具有更强的说服力.     

Layer‐thickness simulation for static thin‐film deposition on Gen 6/Gen 7 substrates

Abstract— The movement of particles from a target to a substrate during the sputter process was studied using the Monte Carlo Simulation technique. The momentum and energy distribution of the ejected particles were taken into account along with the change of momentum and energy in their collisions with gas atoms. The momentum transfer from the ejected target atom to the gas atom was used to estimate the gas rarefaction in front of the target. Layer‐thickness distributions of different target materials were calculated and compared with experimental measurements. The results were used to optimize the uniformity of static thin‐film depositions on Gen 6/Gen 7 substrates from a large‐area cathode array.