A spoof surface plasmon leaky‐wave antenna with circular polarization

In this article a circularly polarized (CP) leaky‐wave antenna (LWA) based on spoof surface plasmon (SSP) is proposed. Corrugated circular patches are loaded on either side of the SSP waveguide periodically and asymmetrically, which enables continuous CP beam steering from backward to forward quadrant eliminating “the open stopband” at broadside. The antenna exhibits an impedance bandwidth of 43.5% (<?10 dB) and a 3‐dB axial‐ratio bandwidth of 27.8%; within the impedance bandwidth from 4.5 to 7 GHz the radiation beam can be steered from 120° to 70°. With a ground plane placed underneath, the antenna can achieve average radiation gain and efficiency of about 10 dBic and 84.2%, respectively, showing a radiation gain increase of about 3 dB over that without a ground plane. The proposed SSP‐based CP LWA is expected to find applications in wireless communication systems based on planar antennas.     

An efficient solution of the input impedance of a half‐wave dipole near a human head

This article combines the Galerkin method of moments with the complex image technique to find the current distribution, input impedance, return loss, and frequency bandwidth of a half‐wave dipole near a human head. It also finds the specific absorption rate distribution inside the human head which is modeled as three planar layers of lossy dielectrics. Comparisons with IE3D commercial simulator verify the accuracy and speed of the proposed method. It is found that the input resistance of the dipole is significantly reduced as the dipole is brought closer to the human head causing a reduction in the frequency bandwidth. The proposed method can be modified to solve other types of antennas on different human head planar geometries. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2012.     

地雷对地表声阻抗率的影响研究

设计一种基于地震检波器的实验系统,分析地雷对地表声阻抗率的影响。用音响发射扫频的正弦声波穿透到地下土壤,用声级计和地震检波器分别测得地表声压级和振动速度。测试数据显示,没有地雷的地表声阻抗率与有地雷的比值在72,140Hz处出现2个极大值,用相长干涉原理和地雷与其上方土壤的谐振作用解释了这一现象。结果表明:地雷能在较宽频带内减小地面声阻抗率,所设计的实验系统可用于声波探雷的进一步研究。     

Incorporation of conductor losses into the stripline simulator UA‐FWLIS by using a surface impedance formulation

We use a surface impedance formulation to enable the MoM‐based full‐wave layered interconnect simulator, UA‐FWLIS, to handle conductor losses for stripline interconnects. Because these approaches are fully compatible with the previously developed analytical calculations for the reaction matrix elements, the computational efficiency of UA‐FWLIS is not affected by including conductor losses. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2008.     

Wideband bow‐tie antenna with increased gain and directivity by using high impedance surface

Metamaterial surfaces offer a wide range of advantages in terms of antenna design. One such metamaterial is designed to capture the benefits of both high‐impedance surfaces as well as artificial magnetic surfaces. The confluence of both these properties delivers an added advantage to planar antennas by delivering high gain and directivity simultaneously. Bidirectional radiation pattern has been transformed to a directional radiation pattern by placing the metamaterial as substrate beneath the antipodal bowtie antenna. In addition, zero separation between the antenna and metasurface ensures low profile. The proposed design has been verified both by simulation and measurement which have shown an improvement on gain of 3.2 dBi with an almost steady gain response inside the resonating band of the antenna which lies between 12 and 16 GHz.     

自动化仪器钢结构无损检测方法研究

为了提高钢结构的无损检测能力,提出基于超声波射线波束集成的自动化仪器钢结构无损检测方法,采用频率20 kHz以上的超声波进行自动化仪器钢结构的静态密度和介质密度分析,根据钢结构的声扰动传播速度进行钢结构的裂缝纹理特征分析,计算钢结构的声阻抗率与介质特征阻抗等参数,当超声波以一定的倾斜角入射到自动化仪器钢结构的介质表面产生反射横波或纵波时,通过折射纵波和折射横波的分离特性进行自适应的超声波束集成处理,实现自动化仪器钢结构的无损检测优化。仿真结果表明,采用该方法进行自动化仪器钢结构损伤检测的准确性较高,定位精度较高,无损检测能力较好。     

Miniaturization of a patch antenna using circular reactive impedance substrate

In this article, to construct a reactive impedance substrate, unit ring is designed and proposed with radial and concentric mode analysis. A cylindrical substrate backed with a PEC plane and circular metallic elements on the top is used for achieving reactive surface impedance behavior. In this aspect, three unit rings structure with different ring elements are designed and simulated to realize the reflection phase characteristics. Afterwards, a probe‐fed circular patch antenna is miniaturized by stacking the three‐ring circular reactive impedance surface. The fundamental resonance frequency of the proposed antenna is reduced by about 30% with an improvement in impedance bandwidth by 121.6%. An improved front‐to‐back ratio as well as an acceptable co‐pol and cross‐pol isolation is exhibited in both E‐plane and H‐plane at the resonance frequency. In addition of miniaturization, dual band behavior has also been observed in the proposed design. Both resonance phenomena have been explained by circuit model representation and surface current distribution analysis. Improved radiation efficiency at 81.5% has been measured for the proposed antenna configuration.     

A surface wave exciter adapting to different‐diameter lines and its application to single power line communications

A surface wave exciter adapting to different‐diameter lines for single power line communications is proposed in this article. A side‐feeding structure is designed which enables surface wave communication on existing power lines without any damage. The proposed surface wave exciter is mainly composed of a horn, two symmetrical feeding structures, a separable feeding ring, and a separable short‐circuit metal ring. In order to avoid high order modes caused by insufficient excitation of side‐feeding structure, two‐port feeding structure is proposed. Meanwhile, the impedance matching of the exciter is improved. The exciter is designed to adapt to several lines with different diameters by using the separable feeding ring and short‐circuit metal ring. Two prototypes for the proposed design are fabricated and tested. The measured results indicated that the input reflection coefficients ( S₁₁ ) are less than ?10 dB and the efficiencies are better than 30% in the Sub‐6 GHz wireless communications. Moreover, a single power line communication system, which uses surface wave to transmit signal, is set up and tested. The transmission loss and the throughput are investigated to further prove the reliability of single power line surface wave communications.     

Voltage-based adaptive impedance force control for a lower-limb rehabilitation robot

This paper presents a novel voltage-based adaptive impedance force control for a lower limb rehabilitation robot. The impedance parameters are adaptively regulated by a gradient descent algorithm for adjusting the human force in performing therapeutic exercises. Although the proposed control is based on voltage control strategy, it differs from the common torque control strategy. One of the advantages is that it is free from the dynamical models of the robot and patient. Compared with a torque control scheme, it is simpler, less computational, and more efficient while it considers the actuators. The control approach is verified by stability analysis. Simulation results show the efficiency of the control approach applied on a lower limb rehabilitation robot driven by an electric motor. A comparison on performing isometric exercise shows that the voltage-based adaptive impedance force control is superior to both voltage-based impedance control and torque-based impedance control.     

免疫遗传算法及其在波阻抗反演中的应用*

提出一种改进的免疫遗传算法（IGA）并用于波阻抗反演。IGA设计了基于抗体激励度和抗体浓度的免疫选择算子及加速全局收敛的非一致性变异算子,提出了抗体规模自适应调整机制,IGA能够改善传统非线性反演方法易早熟和局部收敛等弊端。通过理论模型试算表明,IGA具有较高的反演精度和反演效率;阳泉二矿实际资料反演所得剖面的纵向分辨率明显高于实际地震剖面,弱反射波的连续性和可检测性明显提高,表明改进的免疫遗传算法适用于煤炭地震波阻抗反演。     

NURBS边界曲面直接生成法

由于非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲面的复杂性,传统NURBS边界曲面的生成是先构造孔斯曲面,再由孔斯曲面向NURBS曲面转换得到,其操作过程比较烦琐。针对此问题,提出了NURBS边界曲面直接生成算法,该算法根据给定的四条NURBS边界曲线,结合孔斯曲面生成方法直接插值生成NURBS曲面,从而避免了通过孔斯曲面向NURBS曲面转换所带来的计算代价,因此同传统方法相比,具有较低的计算代价。实验结果表明:该算法简化了曲面生成步骤,减少了曲面转换过程的计算量,生成的曲面边界信息明确,且连续性好。     

介电常数法检测大型粮堆水分分布的研究

针对现有粮库缺乏有效的储粮水分检测技术的问题,研究一种利用甚高频电磁波快速检测大型粮堆内部水分的方法,用于克服传统抽样法和传感器法带来的测量精度差、代表性不足等缺陷。利用电磁波在粮堆中不同深度的反射和折射原理,获取粮堆表层介电常数,利用表层介电常数,根据菲涅尔公式,反演出粮堆其他层介电常数分布。根据一个介电-水分经验模型,将粮堆各层的介电常数分布转换为水分分布,从而模拟出整个粮堆三维立体水分分布图。实验结果表明,该方法具有检测精度高、速度快的优点,与传统方法相比,更适用于大范围的检测。     

Learning impedance control for physical robot–environment interaction

In this article, learning impedance control is proposed for physical robot–environment interaction. Learning mechanism is developed such that the knowledge of the robot structure is not required. With the developed method, the dynamics of the robot arm is governed to follow a target impedance model and the interaction control objective is achieved. The control performance is discussed through the rigorous analysis. The validity of the proposed method is verified by simulation studies.     

Investigation and optimization of wave processes in inhomogeneous media with impedance boundary

The problem of numerical modeling and optimization of wave processes in inhomogeneous media with impedance boundary for parabolic Schrödinger-type wave equation is considered. The optimality criterion is formulated, differential properties of the optimization problem are analyzed, and a numerical method is proposed to model and optimize acoustic fields in inhomogeneous media.     

Vortex trapping on a surface with an indentation and corrugations

This paper explores the possibility of trapping single and multiple vortices on a surface and on an airfoil. Results from the vortex trajectory show that an indented surface and an airfoil with an indentation can stabilize a trapped vortex. That is, when displaced by a finite distance from the equilibrium position, the vortex always moves around its equilibrium position. A boundary with multiple corrugations can be created and incorporated onto an airfoil to trap multiple vortices. Irregular vortex motion has been found when multiple vortices are presented above the corrugations. A method is proposed, allowing the vortices to spiral towards its equilibrium positions.     

A low profile tunable microwave absorber based on graphene sandwich structure and high impedance surface

In this article, a low profile dynamically tunable microwave absorber is proposed, which consists of high impedance surface and graphene sandwiched structure. We theoretically demonstrate and experimentally verify that the proposed absorber can provide a dynamically tunable reflection range from larger than ?3 dB to less than ?30 dB at operating center frequency of 11.2 GHz. The entire thickness of this absorber is only 2.8 mm, nearly one tenth of working wavelength. In addition, a modified equivalent circuit model is proposed to explicate its absorption mechanism. At last, we fabricate a prototype absorber, measure its reflection coefficient in anechoic chamber. The experimental results agree well with the full wave simulation results. This work may provide a reference for design and fabrication of dynamically tunable microwave absorber based on large‐scale graphene and may promote the actual applications of graphene at microwave frequency.     

蝶形天线的计算机仿真设计

蝶形天线是在脉冲型探地雷达中广泛采用的一种宽带天线。本文采用时域有限差分算法(FDTD)结合PML吸收边界条件分析了蝶形天线在高斯脉冲激励下的时域特性,通过傅立叶变换,计算出天线的方向图和在不同频率下的输入阻抗,结果表明FDTD算法用于分析蝶形天线是有效的。     

A single sided dual‐antenna structure for UHF RFID tag applications

In this article, a dual‐antenna structure is presented for UHF RFID tag. The proposed structure is made of two L‐shaped strip antennas along with a cross‐shaped slot loaded patch. One antenna is exclusively used for receiving and harvesting full energy with complex conjugate of tag chip, whereas another used as backscatter to enhance maximum differential radar cross section with purely real input impedance, which results in the enhancement of read range. Further, electromagnetic band gap structure is used around the dual‐antenna structure to increase the gain which results in improved read range. The proposed antennas are fabricated and the S‐parameters are measured with the help of differential probe technique. Simulation and measurement results are found in good agreement. The performance of the proposed antenna is also investigated when it placed on different materials such as metal, wood, glass, and plastic. The study shows that the read range of antenna increases considerably when it is mounted on a metallic surface, while the maximum performance is observed when the antenna is attached on a glass surface with highest relative permittivity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 25:619–628, 2015.     

Adaptive impedance control of a variable stiffness actuator

This paper proposes an optimal impedance control method for a variable stiffness actuator (VSA), in which a variable stiffness mechanism and an actuator are aligned in series. First, we introduce a circuit expression of the robotic system and provide a unified framework to determine an optimal index of robots driven by VSAs, irrespective of the presence or absence of the environment. Next, we design a torque controller for a one-degree-of-freedom (DOF) robot and find the optimal condition of the stiffness in the VSA for a given task. Then, we design a stiffness control law for the VSA exploiting the intrinsic indivisible property between motion and passive impedance. This stiffness control law adaptively tunes the passive stiffness to minimize the energy consumption without defining any explicit desired impedance, which is usually required in impedance controllers. The stability of the closed loop system is proved using Lyapunov’s analysis. Simulations and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method and the robustness in response to parameter changes.     

压电阻抗技术用于结构健康诊断的一种方法

基于压电阻抗技术用于结构健康诊断的基本原理,以用螺栓连接固定的铝板为例,应用压电阻抗技术对结构中螺栓松动的损伤进行检测实验。鉴于以往此类实验中所采用的阻抗分析仪价格十分昂贵,提出了一种更实用的实验方法。实验结果表明:采用这种方法同样可以通过测量压电片阻抗的变化来诊断出螺栓松动的结构损伤。