基于栅格法的移动机器人运动规划研究

研究移动机器人运动规划问题.为实现机器人独立自主地完成任务行为,提出了一种利用栅格法对移动机器人运动进行规划,算法将运动规划分解为路径规划和运动控制两部分.在路径规划时,对栅格环境设定机器人的假想窗口栅格,并根据假想窗口和环境信息的可信度,设定实现环境信息优化的路径规划策略.根据机器人的运动学模型推导出机器人的运动控制律,以实现问题的求解.最后对运动规划方法进行了仿真验证,仿真结果证明了控制律的有效性.     

卫星任务规划可视化仿真系统设计与实现

解决卫星任务规划方案正确性、可靠性问题的有效途径是建立可视化仿真分析环境,研究多星多地面站任务规划问题,设计了成像需求约束图模型,利用任务规划调度算法进行优化分析生成最优解决方案,同时研究利用基于MapX的地理信息系统功能,设计实现了卫星任务规划可视化仿真系统,实现了二维视景仿真、方案动作仿真以及可视化决策支持等功能.该系统为卫星任务规划的可视化决策、可视化仿真提供了基础,确保了其正确、可靠性.     

基于双层优先级的中继卫星系统任务调度算法

中继卫星系统在天基信息网中起着桥梁的作用。为充分利用卫星资源以提供快速可靠的数据中继服务,需要对高价值、高紧迫性的任务开展调度方法研究。首先,在分析中继卫星系统任务与资源的基础上,建立了多任务、多资源的调度模型。而后,提出了任务调度优先级和时间窗口选择优先级模型,并在此基础上提出了一种基于双层优先级的中继卫星系统调度算法。最后,根据算法在仿真算例中的应用可见：相比对照算法,基于双层优先级的调度算法更有利于满足高价值、高紧迫性任务的执行条件,从而提高了任务成功率和调度综合收益。     

以滚动优化策略的粒子群算法为基础的机器人路径规划研究

介绍了一种基于滚动优化策略的粒子群算法的机器人路径规划,在每一个滚动窗口中,应用粒子群算法进行局部路径规划,寻求一条最优路径.仿真实验证明了该方法的可用性和有效性.     

基于滑动窗口和蚁群优化算法的二次路径规划算法

针对蚁群优化(ACO)算法在复杂环境下规划能力较弱的问题,提出了一种基于滑动窗口和蚁群优化算法的二次路径规划(QACO)算法.对回退蚁群优化(ACOFS)算法的回退策略进行改进,通过降低回退路径上的信息素量,减少回退次数.第一次规划中,使用改进后的ACO算法对栅格环境进行全局路径规划;第二次规划中,滑动窗口沿着全局路径滑动,通过ACO算法规划出滑动窗口中的局部路径,并使用局部路径对全局路径进行优化,直至滑动窗口中包含目标位置.仿真实验表明:相比ACO、ACOFS算法,QACO算法的平均规划时间分别下降了26.21%、52.03%,平均路径长度下降了47.82%、42.28%,因此在复杂环境下QACO算法具有将强的路径规划能力.     

未知环境下基于三次螺线Bug算法的移动机器人路径规划

研究了环境未知情况下的移动机器人实时路径规划问题,将Bug算法与基于滚动窗口的路径规划相结合,提出了一种改进的移动机器人路径规划方法。详细分析了三次螺线作为移动机器人跟踪路径所具有的各种优异的几何特性,定义路径光滑成本函数,利用三次螺线对滚动窗口内规划的路径光滑化,使得移动机器人易于跟踪所规划的路径,扩展了移动机器人的应用领域。最后对本文算法的收敛性和完备性予以证明。仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

一种多移动机器人的分布式滚动路径规划算法

本文研究了全局未知静态环境下多机器人路径规划问题，使用基于滚动窗口的机器人路径规划方法对机器人进行局部路径规划．并根据一定的规则在机器人之间进行路径的协调。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

基于改进蚁群算法的无人天车路径规划

针对无人天车在吊运过程中的路径规划问题,提出了改进蚁群算法以优化天车路径.首先,综合考虑无人天车的行驶距离和任务等待时间,建立具有时空约束的路径规划数学模型.其次,改进常规蚁群算法的启发信息和信息素更新机制,并根据任务执行顺序限制条件和任务优先级系数改进蚂蚁的路径选择策略,以得到改进的蚁群算法.仿真结果表明,改进蚁群算法规划所得路径在路径长度和任务等待时间上均优于传统算法,证明了应用改进方法优化无人天车路径的可行性和有效性.     

基于ROS的粮面巡检机器人导航系统设计

考虑到粮食具有散粒性,采用履带式机器人可以在粮面上平稳运行。设计一种基于机器人操作系统ROS和激光雷达的粮面巡检机器人导航系统,使用基于粒子滤波的Gmapping算法构建栅格地图。全局路径规划使用改进启发函数的蚁群算法,加速收敛速度获得最短路径,应用动态窗口算法以关键点作为中间目标点规划局部路径,实现路径规划以及实时避障功能。经过仿真实验证明,该方案可以准确建立地图,改进的导航算法能够进行路径规划和避障,该方案设计具有可行性和有效性。     

不确定海流环境下水下机器人最优时间路径规划

为解决海流预测不精确条件下,现有基于确定性海流路径规划算法鲁棒性差和规划的路径有可能为不可行路径的问题,本文提出一种基于区间优化的水下机器人(AUV)最优时间路径规划算法.该算法采用双层架构,外层用蚁群系统算法(ACS)寻找由起点至终点的候选路径;内层以区间海流为环境模型,计算候选路径航行时间上下限,并分别通过区间序关系和基于可靠性的区间可能度模型将航行时间区间转换为确定性评价函数,并将评价函数值作为候选路径适应度值返回到外层算法.仿真结果表明,相对于确定海流场路径规划方案,提出的方案增强了路径规划器的鲁棒性并解决了结果路径不可行问题.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

正~~     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate