基于Web的多渠道用户需求知识获取框架研究

用户需求知识是企业进行设计产品的依据、源头和关键.用户在产品网站内济览、查询及提出意见时,会有意无意地留下自己对某个产品的倾向和偏好.鉴于此,文中提出了基于Web的多渠道用户需求知识获取框架,从用户浏览方式、用户对产品的查询、站内BBS和用户投诉4种渠道中获取需求信息构建用户关注度矩阵和用户满意度矩阵,给出需求指标综合计算公式;并将从多渠道获取的用户关注度和用户满意度进行融合得到用户需求矩阵,该矩阵对新产品开发具有指导意义.     

基于用户需求的内容分发点对点网络系统研究

点对点内容分发网络技术已成为近年来研究热点领域之一.为用户推荐有价值的资源,提高用户资源定位的准确率和分发效率,是CDN-P2P技术面临的巨大挑战.从用户需求的角度出发,综述了近年来CDN-P2P领域的研究状况：讨论了用户需求并介绍了需求获取方法;对基于用户需求的CDN-P2P系统模型、节点特征及用户相似性、用户之间的相互关系、节点安全性和搜索机制等进行了对比讨论和概括总结;对基于用户需求CDN-P2P领域存在的难点和热点问题作了深入的剖析;最后给出了基于用户需求的CDN-P2P系统的发展趋势及其展望.     

基于Web的多渠道用户需求知识获取框架研究

用户需求知识是企业进行设计产品的依据、源头和关键。用户在产品网站内测览、查询及提出意见时,会有意无意地留下自己对某个产品的倾向和偏好。鉴于此,文中提出了基于Web的多渠道用户需求知识获取框架,从用户浏览方式、用户对产品的查询、站内BBS和用户投诉4种渠道中获取需求信息构建用户关注度矩阵和用户满意度矩阵,给出需求指标综合计算公式;并将从多渠道获取的用户关注度和用户满意度进行融合得到用户需求矩阵,该矩阵对新产品开发具有指导意义。     

智能型交互式用户需求描述的方法设计与知识获取

本文提出产芝现以交互方式获取用户需求信息描述的界面，并研究利用基于知识方法将所得到的相关信息转换为知识表示的算法，该界面的底层是企业信息描述语言（ＤＩＤＬ），该语言用于用户需求的描述。我们实现的系统具有此功能，即通过此界面将所获取的用户需求的信息转换为ＢＩＤＬ语言描述的相关文本。     

基于本体的需求自动获取

以企业信息系统为研究背景 ,提出了一种基于本体的需求获取方法 ,该方法用企业本体和领域本体为基本线索 ,引导领域用户全面描述现实系统 ,并通过重用领域需求模型 ,构造应用软件需求模型 .这种方法的主要特点是 :用领域用户可以理解的语言与他们交互 ,让他们能积极地参与需求获取活动 ;需求获取在模型的制导下完成 ,利于保证需求获取的完整性和一致性 ;在多种知识的支持下 ,自动完成对现实系统的理解和目标系统需求模型的构造 .该文将以该方法的总体结构为主线 ,分企业本体和领域本体的结构以及目标系统需求模型的构造两大部分 ,阐述这种方法 .     

基于领域模型的需求获取方法*

运用领域工程的思想,提出了基于领域模型的系统需求获取方法。该方法可识别应用系统中的共同特征,并抽象这些特征形成领域模型。通过领域模型,引导用户给出完整的系统需求。     

基于用户的数据仓库参考模型研究

为了使数据仓库的建立更加快捷有效,对数据仓库参考模型的建立问题进行了研究.对现有数据仓库参考模型进行了分析,指出基于数据的数据仓库参考模型和基于目标的数据仓库参考模型有着各自的不足,提出了一个基于用户需求的数据仓库参考模型;该模型以用户需求为基础,以企业的业务流程为指导,使得数据仓库建立后有更好的适应性和稳定性.又对用户需求的获取进行了探讨,给出了一个获取用户需求的有效方法,用一个实例验证了提出的数据仓库参考模型的有效性.     

涉众驱动的服务软件系统需求语义协作式获取方法

基于需求语义的服务工程旨在将无序需求变为有序规约,并最终关联到服务生产,以期提供按需服务能力,本文关注面向服务的软件需求语义的分布式协作获取方法的研究,针对基于服务资源聚合而成的网络化软件使用涉众的全球广域分布的特征,以面向服务软件的需求语义模型为核心,采用语义WIKIS引擎为协作平台基础,充分发挥涉众群体智能参与实例化需求要素标注,同时提供需求验证和推理功能以及与连接开放数据的映射关系,可即时生成阶段性需求语义制品.需求语义由网上涉众分布式协作获取,即用户需求(知识)表示,一致的、大众认可的需求语义为后续按需服务聚合与资源定制提供了自动化按需服务能力.理论与实证研究也证明了所提方法的有效性和可操作性,完成与现有的以需求主导、面向领域的应用系统的全面整合,支持实现需求语义为核心的按需服务工程应用.     

基于不确定性动作模型学习理论的软件需求获取方法

目前,软件系统已逐渐成为日常生活中不可缺少的组成部分。利用人工智能的方法进行软件需求获取,可以在短时间内自动获取软件需求,有利于避免人为的理解偏差以及节省人力时间成本。为了解决软件需求的自动获取问题,利用智能规划与机器学习的方法,将需求领域转化为部分规划域,并建立了具有不确定性效果的动作模型学习算法AMLCP。应用该算法,可以获得完整规划域以及需求规格说明。     

农业智能系统的知识获取技术研究

作者及其团队长期针对农业领域的知识获取技术进行了系列性研究.阐述了运用智能引导、机器学习、数据挖掘、智能计算等技术的人工和自动/半自动的知识获取方法.这些方法能够有效地获取领域知识,发现隐含模式,进行知识精化.研发了知识获取工具.这些方法和工具反映了知识获取技术对农业信息工程所起的重要作用.     

面向领域知识复用的C4ISR系统需求建模方法

为了准确地获取和复用C4ISR系统需求,提出基于多本体的需求获取与建模框架。详细介绍了在此框架下进行需求建模的过程,首先明确用户的目标模型,然后使用目标对已有的领域知识库进行查询,如果发现匹配的目标,则利用目标-任务的映射关系抽取相关知识,如果没有匹配的目标,则生成概念描述框架引导用户提出需求,最后将两部分需求合并形成最终的需求模型。需求建模过程一方面能够复用已有需求,另一方面能够在本体的引导下提出新的需求,保证了需求模型的质量和建模的效率。     

The role of domain knowledge in requirements elicitation via interviews: an exploratory study

Requirements elicitation is the first activity in the requirements engineering process. It includes learning, surfacing, and discovering the requirements of the stakeholders of the developed system. Various elicitation techniques exist to help analysts elicit the requirements from the different stakeholders; the most commonly used technique is the interview. Analysts may have domain knowledge prior to the elicitation process. Such knowledge is commonly assumed to have positive effects on requirements engineering processes, in that it fosters communication, and a mutual understanding of the needs. However, to a minor extent, some negative effects have also been reported. This paper presents an empirical study in which the perceived and actual effects of prior domain knowledge on requirements elicitation via interviews were examined. The results indicate that domain knowledge affects elicitation via interview in two main aspects: communication with the customers and understanding their needs. The findings provide insights as to both the positive and negative effects of domain knowledge on requirements elicitation via interview, as perceived by participants with and without domain knowledge, and show the existence of an actual effect on the course of the interviews. Furthermore, these insights can be utilized in practice to support analysts in the elicitation process and to form requirements analysis teams. They highlight the different contributions that can be provided by analysts with different levels of domain knowledge in requirements analysis teams and the synergy that can be gained by forming heterogeneous teams of analysts.     

Knowledge-based repository scheme for storing and retrieving business components: a theoretical design and an empirical analysis

Component-based development (CDB) promises to reduce complexity and cost of software development and maintenance through reuse. For CBD to be successful, a vibrant market for commercial business components is essential. One of the key requirements of an active market for business components is an effective scheme for classifying and describing them at various levels of detail, as well as a corresponding repository for storing and retrieving these components. Such a scheme needs to support various constituents such as business users, managers, and application assemblers. The scheme and repository should help users and managers to select components that match their requirements and aid application assemblers in identifying components most compatible with their deployment environment (such as the platform) and system inputs (such as data types). Drawing from the concepts of group technology and software reuse paradigm, this paper proposes a scheme for classifying and describing business components and the design of a knowledge-based repository for their storage and retrieval. The proposed scheme is implemented in a prototype repository. The effectiveness of the prototype and the underlying classification and coding scheme is assessed empirically through controlled experiments. Results support the assertion that the scheme is effective in enhancing the users' and analysts' ability to find the needed business components.     

Towards an Ontological Approach to Information System Security and Safety Requirement Modeling and Reuse

ABSTRACT

Misuse cases are currently used to identify safety and security threats and subsequently capture safety and security requirements. There is limited consensus to the precise meaning of the basic terminology used for use/misuse case concepts. This paper delves into the use of ontology for the formal representation of the use-misuse case domain knowledge for eliciting safety and security requirements. We classify misuse cases into different category to reflect different type of misusers. This will allow participants during the requirement engineering stage to have a common understanding of the problem domain. We enhanced the misuse case domain to include abusive misuse case and vulnerable use case in order to boost the elicitation of safety requirements. The proposed ontological approach will allow developer to share and reuse the knowledge represented in the ontology thereby avoiding ambiguity and inconsistency in capturing safety and security requirements. OWL protégé 3.3.1 editor was used for the ontology coding. An illustration of the use of the ontology is given with examples from the health care information system.     

支持软件重用的程序设计语言

本文提出一种支持软件重用的程序语言并给出了重用描述语言翻译器的工作原理。该语言是在宿主语言Ｃ＋＋中加入“重用描述”成分和“装配语句”而形成的。该文件以软件重用库为依托,重用描述用于表达用户在程序中对部件的要求,重用描述语言翻译器则分析这些需求,自动在库中查找提出部件来适应用户。     

需求分析可视化的研究

大型信息系统的开发过程是一个系列建模的过程,模型的质量直接取决于开发者对应用系统知识的理解和提取。为保证开发的信息系统有较高的质量,就要建立一种适合的机制来保证在建模过程中对应用系统知识的获取、表达和评估工作的正确进行。本文提出了基于DBM模型,采用可视化技术,对应用系统的概念模型进行评估,使用户更容易理解需求分析的结果,了解将要开发的系统的动态行为,避免过早建立原型系统的开销。     

Scenario advisor tool for requirements engineering

This study investigates the usefulness of a scenario advisor tool which was built to help requirements engineers to generate sufficient sets of scenarios in the domain of socio-technical systems. The tool provides traceability between scenario models and requirements and helps to generate new scenarios and scenario variations. Through two series of evaluation sessions, we found that the scenario advisor tool helped users to write more sound scenarios without any domain knowledge, and to generate more variations on existing scenarios by providing specific scenario-generation hints for each scenario component. The tool should improve the reliability of requirements elicitation and validation.     

The user modeling shell system BGP-MS

BGP-MS is a user modeling shell system that can assist interactive software systems in adapting to their current users by taking the users' presumed knowledge, beliefs, and goals into account. It offers applications several methods for communicating observations concerning the user to BGP-MS, and for obtaining information on currently held assumptions about the user from BGP-MS. It provides a choice of two integrated formalisms for representing beliefs and goals, and includes several types of inferences for drawing additional assumptions based on an initial interview, observed user actions, and stereotypical knowledge about pre-defined user subgroups. BGP-MS is a customizable software system that is independent from applications, operates concurrently with them, and interacts with them through inter-process communication. For tailoring BGP-MS to a specific application domain, the developer must select those components of BGP-MS that are needed in this domain and fill them with relevant domain-dependent user modeling knowledge. This paper first summarizes the user modeling services that BGP-MS provides to application programs at runtime. It discusses the representational and inferential foundations that determine the scope and the limits of these services, and also gives a detailed example illustrating the interaction between the various system components. It describes interfaces that are available to application developers for tailoring BGP-MS to the specific user modeling needs of their application domains. Finally, it compares the system with all other major user modeling shell systems, and describes a first application that employs BGP-MS for adapting hypertext to users' terminological knowledge.The managing UMUAI editor for this paper was Sandra Carberry, University of Delaware.     

Structuring Knowledge Bases for Designers of Learning Materials

Designers of interactive video training packages need access to multiple sources of information to be able to create exciting materials for learning or training. Hypertext allows dynamic linking of different strands of knowledge in ways which encourage effective elicitation of knowledge from experts, and understandable representation for subsequent users.

This paper describes the knowledge representation aspect of a system which will allow a designer to collect information from clients, from experts, as well as from printed and visual sources — to co-ordinate the information in a single environment, and using the same set of tools, to link the information to learning materials using videodisc and graphics packages.

The total system for a designer consists of an authoring environment, using NoteCards on a Xerox 1186, with a multi-tasking workstation (Amiga) which will bring together output from the knowledge base on the Xerox with information from videodisc. Information about the physical requirements of the authoring environment — constraints, domain limits, financial aspects — can be recorded alongside subject domain knowledge using different ‘modes’ of the Note Cards environment. Modes are a feature of a supplementary package. IDE (Instructional Design Environment), which operates as a ‘shell’ along with Note Cards. Our involvement with the designer's system is in looking at ways in which domain knowledge can be recorded and represented for use interactively with graphics and video materials.