部分可观Petri网结构信息在故障诊断中的应用

针对离散事件系统的故障诊断问题,本文提出了一种基于部分可观Petri网结构信息的诊断方法.它包括两个部分,第1部分利用故障变迁的可诊断子网确定故障变迁的可诊断性.第2部分在故障可诊断的基础上提出一种在线故障诊断方法:首先,利用Petri网的几种基本子网来分析故障变迁的可诊断子网的结构信息;其次,根据给定的可观测变迁序列和可诊断子网的结构特征来描述子网内部托肯的流动形式;最后,定义故障函数,并结合具体实例来描述故障变迁的发生情况.该故障诊断的方法基于部分可观Petri网结构信息,无需遍历系统状态空间,免去多项式级的计算复杂性,能够满足实时性的要求.     

基于Petri网诊断器的离散事件系统模式故障的在线诊断

本文研究基于Petri网诊断器的离散事件系统模式故障的在线诊断问题. 先构建一种用于模式故障在线诊 断的自动机, 给出了基于这种自动机的在线诊断方法. 然后将自动机转换为Petri网并进一步构造了可用于S型模式 故障或T型模式故障在线诊断的Petri网诊断器, 提出了基于Petri网诊断器的模式故障在线诊断算法. 通过分析算法 的复杂性, 得到了该算法具有多项式空间复杂性的结论.     

新型Petri网故障诊断算法研究

Petri网是一种高效的离散事件动态系统建模工具。该文基于Petri网的基本原理,结合故障诊断问题的特点,对petri网在故障诊断中的应用进行了研究,提出了新型Petri网故障诊断算法。并以多轴机床为例建立了Petri网故障模型,分析了故障传播的机理,验证了该算法的有效性。     

基于修正状态类图的标签时间Petri网系统故障诊断

针对具有不可观事件的离散事件系统的故障问题,提出了一种基于标签时间Petri网的诊断方法。首先,对标签时间Petri网系统现有的修正状态类图（modified state class graph,MSCG）进行分析,提出MSCG的改进算法。其次,对于给定的可观标签序列和观测时间,通过求解由改进的MSCG的路径信息构建的线性规划问题,获得所有与可观标签序列时间一致的有效路径,从而分析系统的故障情况。最后,以交替位协议为实例分析验证了所提方法的有效性,为复杂的实时系统故障诊断问题提供有效方案。     

基于Petri网结构分析的监控器综合

在基于Petri网建模的离散事件系统中, 提出利用局部关联信息进行约束转换, 并实现Petri网结构监控器综合的方法. 对以Parikh矢量约束形式给出的控制规范, 不可控不可观变迁会导致约束成为非法约束, 分析了不可控变迁的前向关联结构和不可观变迁的后向关联结构, 利用局部关联变迁实现对不可控和不可观变迁的间接控制, 从而将非法矢量约束转换为合法约束, 并保证初始控制规范的实现. 与基于矩阵的监控器综合方法相比, 本文的方法只需利用局部信息, 最后通过实例对该方法进行了说明.     

标签Petri网的路径信息在故障诊断中的应用

针对一类由标签Petri网模拟的离散事件系统的故障问题,提出一种利用网结构中路径信息的诊断方法.假设标签Petri网模型的网结构是已知的,隐藏在系统传感器或者执行机构中的故障用不可观测的变迁或者可观测且标记不可分辨的变迁模拟.首先,在故障诊断过程前,提出网结构转化规则转化原始Petri网;随后,在转化后Petri网的子网中,划分出若干条特定路径,解析多种路径间的约束关系;最后,利用路径间约束关系制定相应的约束规则,导出系统故障诊断的结果,并针对其中不确定的情况分析故障发生的概率大小.该方法基于路径信息的全新视角进行故障诊断,其贡献之一是得益于网结构转化规则,删除冗余结点,缩减内存成本.另一个贡献是由于网结构中路径数量有限,该故障诊断方法无需遍历系统状态空间,具有多项式级计算复杂性,满足实时性要求.     

基于Petri网的故障诊断研究理论的综述

故障诊断是离散事件系统中一项重要的研究内容,对于保障系统安全具有积极意义。基于Petri网的故障诊断相关研究主要分为故障可诊断性研究以及故障诊断器的构造理论研究,故障可诊断性又可以进一步分为一般可诊断性与K-可诊断性,而故障诊断器的设计方法又可以按照适用系统类型进一步分类。综述了故障诊断理论中可诊断性、K可诊断性的各类研究方法和研究结论,介绍了离散Petri网系统、连续Petri网系统和分布式Petri网系统中故障诊断器的设计方法,并对各类方法的特点进行了重点分析。最后,给出了基于Petri网的故障诊断进一步研究的方向与应用难点,其对今后研究有一定的指导意义。     

基于GMEC转换算法的Petri网结构控制器综合方法

针对含不可控变迁Petri网系统禁止状态控制器设计问题,提出了一种基于矩阵变换和整数线性规划的结构控制器综合方法。该方法的关键是对代表系统合法状态的广义互斥约束(generalized mutual exclusion constraint, GMEC)进行转换。首先,根据Petri网系统的关联矩阵,将库所集分为无关库所集、不可控库所集和补足库所集。其次,通过对非允许GMEC中补足库所的权值和不可控库所的权值进行处理,并运用整数线性规划将非允许GMEC转换为允许GMEC。在允许GMEC的基础上,根据库所不变量原理设计出Petri网系统的结构控制器。最后,以某零件加工系统为例验证了所提方法的泛用性和高效性,为实际智能制造系统的监督控制器设计提供有效参考方案。     

含不可控变迁的Petri网监控器设计

在基于Petri网建模的含不可控事件的离散事件系统监控器设计中,当给定的控制目标为Parikh矢量约束时,提出通过转换矩阵R将不可控变迁导致的非法不等式约束变换为允许约束,并求得相应监控器.构造矩阵方程求解R,通过矩阵方程的相容性判断R的存在性,并给出利用广义逆矩阵求解R的算法,得到对应的允许约束和监控器.同时提出代价函数,用于寻找控制观测代价最小的监控器.最后通过实例验证了该算法的正确性和有效性.     

基于有色Petri网的工作流故障诊断方法

工作流系统的故障自动诊断和定位是云计算环境提供持续服务的基础;为了提高工作流系统的故障诊断准确性,文章提出了一种基于有色Petri网的故障诊断方法;首先,用开放世系模型对工作流进行建模;然后,提出了一种基于有色Petri网的故障模型;最后,将工作流的开放世系模型转化为有色Petri网故障模型,并提出了相应的多故障诊断方法;实验表明,文章提出的方法不仅故障定位的准确率和执行效率高于相关算法,还能有效的识别系统中的多个故障.     

Formal approach to fault diagnosis in distributed discrete event systems with OBDD

In this paper, we study the fault diagnosis problem for distributed discrete event systems. The model assumes that the system is composed of distributed components which are modeled in labeled Petri nets and interact with each other via sets of common resources (places). Further, a component’s own access to a common resource is an observable event. Based on the diagnoser approach proposed by Sampath et al., a distributed fault diagnosis algorithm with communication is presented. The distributed algorithm assumes that the local diagnosis process can exchange messages upon the occurrence of observable events. We prove the distributed diagnosis algorithm is correct in the sense that it recovers the same diagnostic information as the centralized diagnosis algorithm. Furthermore, we introduce the ordered binary decision diagrams (OBDD) in order to manage the state explosion problem in state estimation of the system.     

Fault tolerant control design via hybrid petri nets

This paper proposes a novel fault tolerant control (FTC) scheme for hybrid systems modeled by hybrid Petri nets (HPNs). The HPNs model consists of discrete and continuous PNs. The faults are represented by unobservable discrete transitions or the normal observable discrete transitions with abnormal firing time in discrete PNs. First, an observer‐based fault diagnosis method is proposed to estimate the marking in discrete places with unknown initial marking and diagnose the faulty behavior simultaneously. Then, an adaptive fault tolerant controller is designed to maintain the general mutual exclusion constraints (GMEC) of discrete PNs, and a scheme that adjusts firing speeds of continuous transitions is provided to maintain the optimality of continuous PNs. Finally, an example of an intelligent transportation system consisting of automated vehicles on a bridge is included to demonstrate the effectiveness of our developed techniques. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

基于混合系统状态估计的故障诊断

如果将故障的发生视为一个离散事件,则存在故障可能的系统可以看作随机混合系 统,那么故障诊断问题就可转化为混合系统的离散状态估计问题.文中试图从这个角度研究 在非高斯噪声环境下非线性系统的故障诊断问题.在发生故障后的系统模型是已知的假定条 件下,使用随机混合自动机对系统建模,并利用基于粒子滤波的混合估计算法估计出混合状 态,从而完成故障诊断.仿真结果表明,所提的方法是可行的,可以处理某类故障诊断.     

基于不确定观测下离散事件系统可诊断性的研究

在实际应用系统中,由于传感器故障、传感器限制和网络中的数据包丢失等原因,事件的可观测值变得不确定,使得观测系统行为变得尤为复杂。针对离散事件系统中,同个事件串可能有多个观测值以及不同状态下同个事件观测值也可能不同的问题,提出一种不确定观测下故障诊断验证的方法。首先对不确定观测的离散事件系统的可诊断性进行形式化,然后构建出用于上述故障诊断验证的验证器;基于验证器提出了系统基于不确定观测下可诊断的充要条件及验证算法;最后,实例说明不确定观测下故障诊断验证算法的应用。与现有研究相比,提出的方法对故障事件的观测值没有约束,可以为0个或多个观测值,使此方法应用的场景更为广泛。     

Diagnosis of Partially Observed Petri Net Based on Analytical Redundancy Relationships

In this paper, we design an efficient diagnosis technique for partially observed discrete event systems modeled by labeled Petri nets. The fault detection is based on analytical redundancy relationships derived from the nominal model. The decomposition of the T_un‐induced subnet to connected subgraphs allows determining the subgraphs that may contain faults. To appreciate the fault localization, a set of analytical redundancy relationships is etablished for each fault transition based on the fault model. The proposed diagnosis approach is independent of the length of the observed sequence and independent of the number of unobservable transitions. The detected faults with the proposed approach are faults which led to a change in the number of tokens in the net.     

离散事件系统间歇性故障的安全诊断

离散事件系统的间歇性故障诊断能够将系统中发生的间歇性故障及时诊断出来,但在诊断期间的系统可能会执行不安全操作.针对间歇性故障在诊断期间的安全性问题,提出一种基于事件的安全诊断方法.首先对发生间歇性故障的离散事件系统进行建模,并给出系统间歇性故障的安全可诊断性的形式化定义.然后通过构造非法语言识别器对系统的非法操作进行识别,并在此基础上构建一个安全验证器,由此得到一个关于系统间歇性故障安全可诊断性的充分必要条件,实现离散事件系统对间歇性故障的安全诊断.这种安全诊断既保证了间歇性故障一旦发生即能被及时诊断出来,又确保了在故障诊断期间系统不会执行任何不安全操作.     

A discrete event systems approach to network fault management: detection and diagnosis of faults

An important aspect of network management is fault management, which involves, detecting, locating, isolating, correcting and adapting to faults in the network. We study modeling of communication network protocol and fault detection, identification and localization in the discrete event system diagnosis framework. As an illustration of the approach, normal and faulty behavior of the X.25 network protocol is modeled as a finite state machine. This modeling formalism allows the utilization of discrete event system analysis for the detection and diagnosis of faults. Our approach provides a systematic way of performing fault diagnosis for network fault management. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

Closed-loop Live Marked Graphs under Generalized Mutual Exclusion Constraint Enforcement

Enforcing a supervisory control policy to avoid forbidden states on a discrete event system modeled by a Petri net may result in a non live system. This may happen even if the admissible states are specified by Generalized Mutual Exclusion Constraints (GMECs). This leads to the problem of synthesizing a maximally permissive control policy preserving liveness of the system under a GMEC. This problem is very interesting in practice, but difficult even for a restricted class of systems. In this paper, we focus on systems which can be modeled as live and safe Marked Graphs (MGs). On such systems, when some of the transitions are uncontrollable, a GMEC can be forced by a monitor place if a not maximally permissive policy is accepted, otherwise a more complex control has to be adopted. Anyway, liveness of the closed-loop system (plant plus control) is not guaranteed. Two sufficient conditions to verify the closed-loop liveness of a live and safe MG plant controlled by a monitor are derived. A sufficient condition for closed loop liveness of MGs where a GMEC has been enforced on is derived. In addition, a set of predicates is provided that enforces, in a maximally permissive way, a GMEC while preserving closed-loop liveness on live and safe MG systems under some restrictions.