基于隐式参数化的车身多学科轻量化设计

为实现整车综合性能的快速方案验证和优化设计,在新车型设计阶段构建车身隐式参数化模型,并对其进行模态、刚度和安全等综合性能计算,验证参数化模型的有效性。基于灵敏度分析、试验设计（design of experiments, DOE）方法和近似模型优化等策略,对某白车身进行多学科轻量化设计。优化设计结果表明,白车身的模态、刚度和安全性能均满足设计要求。     

参数化白车身结构轻量化多目标优化

利用SFE Concept建立某轿车白车身的参数化模型,采用有限元法对白车身的静态弯曲和扭转刚度、主要低阶模态进行分析,并将仿真结果与试验结果进行对比。将参数化白车身与动力总成、底盘、闭合件连接后,仿真分析整车正面100%碰撞安全性能并验证有限元模型的有效性。提出通过相对灵敏度分析确定白车身非安全件设计变量的方法,采用最优拉丁超立方方法生成样本点,基于径向基神经网络方法拟合近似模型,以白车身非安全件和正碰安全件为轻量化对象,通过第二代非劣排序遗传算法对白车身进行多目标优化设计。结果表明：在白车身静态弯曲刚度降低3.60%、静态扭转刚度降低3.91%、一阶弯曲模态固有频率降低0.09%、一阶扭转模态固有频率上升1.26%、正碰安全性能基本不变的情况下,白车身质量减少24.17 kg,减重7.42%,轻量化效果显著。     

基于隐式参数化耦合模型的车身集成优化

为提高车身截面优化效率,基于SFE CONCEPT构建白车身关注部位的隐式参数化模型,并与白车身有限元非参数化模型进行耦合,使参数化模型与有限元模型耦合边界处的连接关系随截面变化自动更新,通过试验验证耦合模型的有效性。基于试验设计（design of experiments, DOE）方法、近似模型、多目标优化等策略,对白车身耦合模型进行刚度和模态等多学科集成优化,实现车身局部结构快速轻量化设计。     

针对白车身轻量化系数的结构灵敏度分析与软件开发

为实现白车身轻量化,以白车身零件厚度为优化变量,建立参数化模型。定义白车身静态扭转刚度工况并进行有限元分析,得到扭转刚度响应和轻量化系数,采用解析法推导轻量化系数对厚度的灵敏度。基于HyperMesh二次开发完成灵敏度分析流程自动化,求解白车身轻量化系数的灵敏度。根据灵敏度排序对白车身零件厚度进行优化,实现轻量化系数降低,扭转刚度提高,白车身质量减轻。     

多目标轻量化的白车身隐式参数数值模拟

普通方法构建的白车身多目标轻量化设计模型存在精准度低、优化效果差的问题.通过隐式参数数值模拟方法,先对白车身构建隐式参数化模型,再通过非安全件轻量化优化设计和正面碰撞安全件轻量化优化设计实现白车身多目标轻量化.通过对该方法的性能优化验证及对比实验发现,经过多次迭代后,上述方法构建的白车身模型的精准度均大于90％,优化变化率大于8％.     

白车身扭转刚度分析与优化

对某白车身建立有限元模,利用MSC Nastran软件进行扭转刚度和模态分析,在此基础上以车身重量为优化目标,在满足扭转刚度要求的条件下对零件厚度进行敏感度分析和优化分析,得到了符合设计要求的改进方案.     

基于灵敏度分析的白车身扭转刚度优化

为提高某量产车型白车身(Body in White,BIW)扭转刚度,提出一种基于灵敏度分析的BIW刚度优化方法.深入阐述灵敏度分析原理和车身刚度优化策略,分析该车型车身开发中的37个低成本横向构件的料厚变化对BIW扭转刚度的影响.通过对BIW有限元模型的计算和分析,验证优化策略并对比优化前后的BIW扭转刚度性能.结果表明该方法以较低成本就可达到车身扭转刚度的较大提高.     

非承载式SUV白车身结构分析及优化

以某全新开发的SUV非承载式车身为研究对象,建立V91车身有限元模型,并进行模态分析.为使车身1阶模态满足目标值要求,对车身进行灵敏度分析和截面刚度分析,并提出改进方案.经过优化,车身的1阶弯曲模态提升7.8%,1阶扭转模态提升25.7%.研究结果可为企业研发非承载式SUV车身提供参考.     

轨道扣件弹性垫板结构优化设计

采用OptiStruct对某型铁路扣件轨下垫板进行拓扑优化和自由形状优化,实现垫板结构轻量化设计.根据优化空间最大化原则,对垂向载荷工况进行拓扑优化、对极限载荷工况进行自由形状优化.使用Abaqus极限载荷扣件系统仿真模型对优化后垫板结构性能进行验证评价.结果表明:优化后的垫板性能基本不变,质量减少约10%,刚度满足设计要求.优化结果可为垫板轻量化设计提供参考.     

基于多模型拓扑优化方法的车身结构概念设计

为获得最优的初始设计方案,在车身概念设计阶段对车身结构进行拓扑优化。车身结构性能指标综合考虑整体刚度、局部动态刚度和碰撞性能,采用多模型优化(multi-model optimization,MMO)方法解决此类复杂工况的拓扑优化问题,通过调节设计空间和设置参数,获得车身最优载荷路径。根据拓扑优化结果初步形成车身框架结构,可为后期详细设计提供参考。     

Optimal topology design of internal stiffeners for machine pedestal structures using biological branching phenomena

Naturally evolved biological structures exhibit the optimal characteristics of light weight, high stiffness, and high strength. Based on the growth mechanism of biological branch systems in nature, an optimization method for internal stiffener plate distribution in box structures is suggested. Under the given load and support conditions, the internal stiffener plates of machine pedestal structures grow, bifurcate, and degenerate towards the direction of maximum overall structural stiffness in accordance with the adaptive growth law. The optimal and distinct distribution of internal stiffener plates with the most effective load path is thus obtained. Based on this, a size optimization for lightweight design is conducted, in which the self-weight of the structures is taken as the design objective, and the natural vibration frequency and static stiffness in the direction that is sensitive to machining accuracy are set as constraints. Finally, an optimized structure is obtained. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by using a precision grinder bed as an example. The results of numerical simulation and 3D–printed model experiment indicate that both the dynamic and the static performance of the optimized structure are improved, while the structural weight is reduced by compared with the initial structure. The suggested design method provides a new solution approach for the design optimization of machine pedestal structures.     

Multi-objective optimization for bus body with strength and rollover safety constraints based on surrogate models

It is important to consider the performances of lightweight, stiffness, strength and rollover safety when designing a bus body. In this paper, the finite element (FE) analysis models including strength, stiffness and rollover crashworthiness of a bus body are first built and then validated by physical tests. Based on the FE models, the design of experiment is implemented and multiple surrogate models are created with response surface method and hybrid radial basis function according to the experimental data. After that, a multi-objective optimization problem (MOP) of the bus body is formulated in which the objective is to minimize the weight and maximize the torsional stiffness of the bus body under the constraints of strength and rollover safety. The MOP is solved by employing multi-objective evolutionary algorithms to obtain the Pareto optimal set. Finally, an optimal solution of the set is chosen as the final design and compared with the original design.     

卫星结构板优化设计

利用MSC Patran对某板式卫星结构进行有限元建模,采用MSC Nastran对卫星进行模态分析,获取整星结构的模态参数,并与试验结果进行比对,验证有限元模型的正确性和准确度。在满足结构强度和刚度的约束条件下,对安装有效载荷单机的关键底板进行刚度和强度优化设计。优化前后结构的有限元仿真分析表明：优化设计可有效抑制载荷单机处的振动位移响应。     

复合材料磁悬浮列车车体结构数值模拟(III)——车体结构性能的参数化数值模拟

在磁悬浮列车车体参数化数值模型的基础上,开展参数变化对车体结构性能影响的数值试验,研究复合材料梁截面几何参数对车体刚度和频率的影响。在典型荷载工况下,研究关键设计参数对车体结构性能、结构部件连接模型的力学性能、车体频率和振型、车体结构线性屈曲性能的影响,确定关键设计参数对复合材料车体结构性能的影响趋势,为车体优化设计奠定基础,验证将参数化车体数值模型作为车体结构性能研究的有效性。     

An integrated optimization for laminate design and manufacturing of a CFRP wheel hub based on structural performance

An integrated optimization that comprehensively considers design and manufacturing factors such as the geometric appearance, laminate constitutions, laminate distribution, laminate thickness and stacking sequence, is proposed for designing a carbon fiber reinforced polymer wheel hub of a racecar. First, the driving conditions of the racecar are analyzed to determine the performance requirements. Then, under the condition that the geometric design regions are partitioned and the constitutions of fiber plies with different directions are defined, laminate design and manufacturing model is established. A multi-objective optimization is then performed to achieve a lightweight, high-stiffness laminate structure in different design regions. Next, number of plies in each region is obtained from the thickness of laminate, and then, the stacking sequence is optimized to improve the stiffness of the laminate structure. Finally, laminate transitions for different regions are investigated. The results showed that laminate design and manufacturing optimization can reduce the weight of the wheel hub and improve the performance of the wheel hub under static, dynamic and impact conditions. The proposed optimization approach provides a feasible solution for a performance-based design of composite structures.