Creo在模具设计中的应用

注塑模具分型面设计是注塑模设计的重要环节,其设计准则多样而宽泛,主要参考因素也很多。塑件是否采用侧抽芯或斜顶是确定模具复杂程度和模具制造成本的主要因素。根据产品的结构特点,利用Creo的全参数化设计工具,设计出跨面的分型特征曲线和分型面,分割生成符合要求的避免侧抽芯的模具成型零件。     

一种基于自动特征识别确定模具脱模方向的方法

判定脱模方向是实现模具自动设计的第一步,也是评估塑件或浇注件能否模具成型的重要因素,文中以基于广义痕迹的自动特征识别方法来识别塑件模型中的所有特征。首先,通过确定每类塑件特征的候选和可行脱模方向,针对每个识别出的特征,自动产生该特候选的脱模方向,然后把所有具有机或完全相反的候选的脱模方向组成一组,并对每组方向,进行选定的模具因子计算,最终胡定优选的脱模方向。实例测试表明,本文提出的方法具有很高的效     

箱体类塑件注射模三维造型方法

基于ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ Ｒ１２工作平台,以箱体类塑件为对象开发了一种注射模ＣＡＤ系统,该系统提出了一种新的高级体素单元－切片体素;提出了利用二维塑件图形来获得三维塑件几何造型的图形数据输入方法和能完成复杂成型零件的三维几何造型技术;设计了相关的系统数据库接口,实现了系统各模块内部数据的集成统一等关键技术;给出了模具三维装配造型和装配图纸生成实例。     

一种地平线与跑道边缘线检测方法

在基于计算机视觉的无人机着陆系统中,利用地平线和跑道边缘线方程解算着陆参数是一种可行的方法。利用计算机视觉和图像处理技术研究了一种地平线和跑道边缘线提取方法,利用Canny算子对原始图像进行预处理,获取图像的边缘信息。提出了一种新的直线检测方法,并利用检测出的直线和图像像素坐标系横坐标的夹角确定地平线和跑道左、右边缘线。实验研究表明:该方法可以在不同的高度、不同亮度图像中有效地检测出地平线和跑道边缘线。     

基于视觉伺服的输电线巡检机器人抓线控制

巡检机器人在自动越障时，需要完成机器人手臂的准确抓线控制。结合输电线的几何特征和摄像机成像原理，提出了一种基于单摄像机的立体视觉方法来确定输电线的位置和姿态。结合该定位方法及视觉伺服理论建立机械手抓线伺服控制模型。在自行研制的巡检机器人进行了视觉伺服抓线实验。实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于RoboCup场地标志线的移动机器人自定位方法

自定位是自主移动机器人在RoboCup中型组比赛中的一个主要研究任务。本文提出了一种基于场地标志线上白点的中型组机器人自定位算法。该自定位方法采用数字罗盘确定机器人在世界坐标系下的朝向,白色标志线上的点确定机器人在世界坐标系下的坐标值,该算法进一步融合了视觉定位结果和里程计信息,使得定位结果更加鲁棒。     

数字曲线切点检测技术

针对数字曲线的切点识别问题,提出一种基于转角累加的数字曲线切点检测技术。该技术对数字曲线进行光顺处理,构造转角累加线、转角累加线曲率线和曲率波,通过对相邻的分段逼近直线求交确定切点位置。实验结果表明,该方法切点识别准确、迅速,对于由直线、圆弧组成的轮廓边界能实现准确分段。     

一种基于特征线的曲面网格分割方法

各类网格分割法将曲面网格进行分割后,各子网格区域之间的交界线便可以作为曲面网格的封闭特征线。相反,如果根据网格模型的几何、拓扑特征,确定了网格模型的封闭特征线后,网格曲面便被这些特征线分割开来。为此,从曲面网格封闭特征线的角度出发,提出一种基于特征线的曲面网格分割方法。实验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

三丝扭摆微推力在线测量方法及不确定度分析

介绍了一种利用三丝扭摆在线标定和测量毫牛级微推力的方法,该方法采用扭矩平衡和光杠杆放大的原理,将推力器的微小推力转化为光斑的大位移。为消除环境和热等诸多外界因素的影响,使用了砝码在线标定方法,并分析了其测量不确定度。结果表明,使用该方法后在有效的推力测量范围内合成不确定度最小可达到1.5%。     

基于虚拟导航线的农业机器人精确视觉导航方法

针对农田、野外环境中无人工标记情况下的导航问题，提出了一种基于虚拟导航线的农业机器人精确视觉导航方法。该方法不需要铺设导航线或者路标即可引导机器人行走直线。首先，根据需求确定需要跟踪的目标区域，之后控制机器人调整方向直到目标移至视野中央；其次，根据机器人和目标的位置确定参照目标，并依据两个目标的位置确定虚拟导航线；然后，动态更新导航线，并结合虚拟定标线和虚拟导航线确定偏移角度和偏移距离；最后，利用偏移参数构建模糊控制表，并以此实现对机器人旋转角度和行走速度的调整。实验结果表明，该算法能较为精确地实现对导航路线的识别，进而利用模糊控制策略使机器人沿直线向目标行走，且导航精度在10 cm以内。     

The application of surface visibility and moldability to parting line generation

In molding, casting or forging processes, part surfaces are formed by the core, cavity and local tools in molding/casting or by the upper and lower dies and local tools in forging. In computer-aided design of dies and molds, automatic identification of surfaces molded/formed by these different tooling components is critical since the generation of parting lines depends on these surfaces, which would further influence the determination of parting surfaces, the creation of core and cavity blocks and the entire mold structure. In this paper, the surface partability and visibility are first proposed and its moldability is next presented. Considering the molding process as an instance, the concepts of core-, cavity- and the local tool-molded surfaces are defined. A methodology based on surface visibility and moldability to determine the potentially and actually moldable surfaces of these groups is developed. Since the generation of parting lines is a crucial preliminary design step in mold/die design life cycle, a new approach to determining the parting lines based on the proposed methodology is presented. A case study is used to test the methodology and approach, and to validate the efficiency in parting line generation of molded parts.     

Design of internal pins in injection mold CAD via the automatic recognition of undercut features

A methodology to deal with the automatic design of internal pins in injection mold CAD via the automatic recognition of undercut features is developed. The approach to automatically identifying the undercut features is first proposed. For the given parting directions, all the inner and outer undercut features are identified based on the topological relationship of geometrical entities. The outer edge loop, which represents the largest cross-section boundary along the given parting directions, is extracted and patched up. The surfaces of molding are then identified based on the classifications of their geometrical entities. To identify the deep inner undercuts in the molding, the projection of the main core, internal pins and their bounding boxes along the parting direction and the pin withdrawal direction are generated. Upon determination of whether the bounding boxes of any two internal pins and the main core projection have intersection area, the deep inner undercuts are located. The complete methodology is finally implemented and verified through case studies and the efficiency of the methodology in handling complex molded parts is thus illustrated.     

Parting curve selection and evaluation using an extension of fuzzy MCDM approach

Parting curve selection and evaluation plays an important role in mold design. Multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) is an effective tool for evaluating and ranking problems involving multiple criteria. In order to select suitable parting curve, several criteria need to be taken into account. Therefore, this paper proposes an extension of fuzzy MCDM approach to solve parting curve selection problem. In the proposed model, the ratings of alternatives and importance weights of criteria for parting curve selection are expressed in linguistic terms. The membership functions of the final fuzzy evaluation value in the proposed model are developed based on the linguistic expressions. To make the procedure easier and more practical, the normalized weighted ratings are defuzzified into crisp values by using a new maximizing set and minimizing set ranking approach to determine the ranking order of alternatives. An example of parting curve evaluation and selection is given. The results show that the proposed approach is very effective in selecting the optimal parting curve for the molded part. Finally, this paper compares the proposed approach with another fuzzy MCDM approach to demonstrate its advantages and applicability.     

Systematic approach for automated determination of parting line for die-cast parts

The parting line decision for die-cast parts is a non-trivial task, which depends upon a number of factors related to the part geometry and the die-casting process requirements. This is a crucial decision which not only affects the design and manufacturing of the die-casting die but the part manufacturing as well. Normally, a die-casting die-design expert invests a lot of time, effort and resources to take this decision, which affects the part manufacturing lead time and cost. A systematic approach for automated determination of the parting line for die-cast parts is presented in this paper. Unlike the previous systems, which consider part geometric factors only, the system proposed in this paper also considers the die-casting process requirements to determine the parting line in a systematic and automated manner. Here we discuss classification of the die-cast part surfaces, identification of undercuts and protrusions, identification of parting line regions, and determination of the parting line. The system generates a number of feasible parting lines in a given parting direction after applying the die-casting process requirements. Finally, the most suitable parting line is determined from the feasible parting lines considering the industry best practices. The results obtained from the system are similar to those of the industry. The proposed system would prove to be a major step towards automation of the die-casting die design, leading to design–manufacturing integration of the die-casting process.     

Geometric mouldability analysis by geometric reasoning and fuzzy decision making

This paper presents a methodology for mouldability analysis by finding the optimal cavity design scheme (CDS) based on manufacturing and cost considerations using part geometry, where a CDS refers to a combination of the parting direction, parting line (PL), and undercut features (UF). The methodology takes advantage of geometric reasoning and fuzzy evaluation, and consists of two main stages: (1) generating all possible design alternatives, and (2) choosing the best alternative. In the first stage, after recognizing the potential UF from the given part, a spherical arrangement is constructed by partitioning the unit direction sphere using outward normals of the part's surfaces with the property that each cell in this arrangement has a unique combination of PL and UF set. Thus all design alternatives can be identified in O(ml²) time by visiting the cells in a certain order and updating the PL and UF set incrementally, where m and l are the number of the part's convex and overall surfaces, respectively. In the second stage, the fuzzy multiple attribute decision-making model is employed to choose the optimal scheme from the set of design alternatives with respect to a set of criteria related to the number and volume of undercuts, flatness of the PL, draw depth, and draft angle. This model allows designers to describe their preferences on different criteria in imprecise linguistic statements. Finally, the case studies show that the proposed methodology is very effective in finding the optimal CDS for the molded part and the final results conform to human designers' experience.     

Simultaneous optimization of cast part and parting direction using level set method

Parting direction is one of the main parameters that significantly affect mouldability and manufacturing costs of a cast part. In conventional optimal design of cast part, a parting direction is pre-selected by a designer and fixed throughout the optimization. However, when the optimization is performed with a different parting direction, the resulting design will also be different, and more importantly it will end up with different working performance. Therefore, we take the parting direction as a design variable in the optimization of a cast part so that the working performance can be optimized as much as possible. With these goals, a level set based method is proposed for the simultaneous optimization of cast part and parting direction. In each iteration, an optimal parting direction is first computed for the current structure, then the boundary of the current structure is updated by a design velocity that guarantees the design be moldable with the optimal parting direction. Therefore, although the parting direction may be changed during the optimization, the structure will always be moldable in the current parting direction. Numerical examples are provided in 3D.     

The application of surface demoldability and moldability to side-core design in die and mold CAD

In casting, molding and forming processes, the surface geometries of the fabricated products are formed/molded by different functional components of tooling. In plastic injection molding, they are molded by core, cavity or side-cores. In die and mold CAD, how to identify the product surfaces formed/molded by the corresponding tool components for a given product CAD model is critical, as it affects the determination of parting directions, parting lines and parting surfaces, the generation of core and cavity blocks, and finally the design of side-cores and their actuating mechanisms. In this paper, the concepts of surface visibility, demoldability, and moldability are first presented and formulated. The surfaces formed/molded by core, cavity and side-cores are then defined based on the plastic injection molding process. The methodology to identifying and classifying them is further developed. By employing the proposed notions of the demoldability map of surfaces and undercut features, the most preferred demolding direction, the grouping of undercut features, and how to conduct the side-core design is articulated succinctly, and the detailed procedures and processes are presented. Through an industrial case study, the developed methodology for side-core design is systematically presented and the feasibility of the developed approaches is verified.     

Molds for Meshes: Computing Smooth Parting Lines and Undercut Removal

We consider the problem of computing a parting line for a mold for a complex mesh model, given a parting direction, and the related problem of removing small undercuts, either pre-existing, or resulting from the parting line.      

Reinforcement of micro injection molded weld line strength with ultrasonic oscillation

Weld lines are the unfavorable defect not only in normal injection molding process but in micro injection molding process. In this study, polypropylene (PP) was chosen as the processing material and a micro dog-bone tensile test sample was selected as the objective part. The micro tensile part was prepared by the double gate injection mold. An ultrasonic generator was integrated in this mold in order to investigate the effect of ultrasonic oscillation on the micro injection molded weld line strength. The experiments were carried out for studying how the ultrasonic output power and the oscillation inducing time affect the weld line strength. Three output power levels (400, 600 and 800 W) and two inducing mode (Mode 1. the oscillation is induced from injecting moment to ejection moment; Mode 2. the oscillation is induced from injecting moment to packing procedure finishing) were set. The results show that ultrasonic oscillation has obvious influence on the weld line strength; Mode 2 always has better performance than Mode 1 for reinforcing the weld line strength; and when output power is 400 W the weld line strength is the highest. The mechanism of ultrasonic oscillation affecting the micro injection molded weld line was also analyzed by AFM (atomic force microscope) and polarized microscope.