关于分布式计算机系统透明性问题的探讨

本文论述了分布式系统的关键特征—透明性,并指出分布式系统实现透明性的主要困难。在全面分析的基础上,提出将透明性分成三级,并分别阐述了它们的含义和特征。最后对分布式系统中实现透明性提出了一些看法。     

ODP系统中的观点及观点规范语言

开放分布式处理ＯＤＰ的目标是给应用程序间提供一个一致的接口模型，以实现分布透明性、互操作性和可移植性。开放分布式参考模型ＩＳＯ ＲＭ－ＯＤＰ提供了一个分布式系统的框架，从五个不同的观点描述ＯＤＰ系统，并提出相应的规范语言的概念和构造规则以便对该观点进行描述，本文首先介绍了这五种观点及相应的规范语言的概念和构造规则，并讨论了它们之间的关系。     

软件体系结构风格的实例研究

软件体系结构研究领域中，风格的研究与应用是一个重要的领域。本文讨论了软件体系结构的概念和风格，在此基础上特别对CORBA，基于Web的分布式系统结构，领域专家系统，基于商业背景的可重用软件体系结构等内容进行了讨论，并给出了它们相关风格。     

一个支持开放分布式处理的DRPC模型*

开放分布式处理ODP(open distrlbuted processing)的目标是试图解决分布环境下软件的接口问题，以达到分布式系统的可移植性、透明性、互操作性．本文介绍了ODP要达到上述目标所需解决的一些关键性问题，分析了传统的远程过程调用模型的服务静态连接机制和其对ODP支持的局限性，并提出一个改进的、支持服务动态连接的远程过程调用模型，可以获得较好的性能．     

一个支持开放分布式处理的DRPC模型

开放分布式处理ＯＤＰ（ｏｐｅｎ ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄ ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ）的目标是试图解决分布环境下软件的接口问题，以达到分布式系统的可移植性、透明性、互操作性，本文介绍了ＯＤＰ要达到上述目标所需解决的一些关键性问题，分析了分析的远程过程调用模型的服务静态连接机制和其对ＯＤＰ支持的局限性，并提出一个改进的、支持服务动态连接的远程过程调用模型，可以获得较好的性能。     

基于软件体系结构的组件集成框架

根据赵会群等提出的抽象组件定义，给出了相应的迎接件的定义。在此基础上，提出了支持接口连接式和插头插座式体系结构类型的组件模型，片对静态连接和组装给出了形式化的描述。虽然满足了静态相容性，但是系统不一定能正常工作，因此还考虑3组件的互操作性及更进一步的分布透明性，为组件的互操作提供了支持的总线机制。完成了基于软件体系结构的组件集成组装框架，为提高重用率、软件开发效率和质量提供了可能。     

软件体系结构与组件技术

在理论上，软件体系结构和基于组件的开发是理想的匹配；另一方面，软件体系结构是可重用软件组件的一种自然补充。只有通过实现体系结构模型，才能体现组件互操作性模型的所有优点。首先给出了大规模复杂分布式应用程序设计和进化方法选择中的关键因素；然后讨论软件组件技术与软件体系结构方法相互之间的要求，并探论了将软件体系结构与软件组件结合起来的可能途径。     

生物信息领域软件体系结构的研究与应用

生物信息领域软件体系结构是生物信息领域应用软件系统中构件及构件关系的描述。依照域工程的方法过程，分析了生物信息应用领域，给出了领域概念模型。随后以领域概念模型为基础分别提出了独立系统和开放分布式系统的生物信息领域软件体系结构参考模型，最后简要介绍了应用实例，并提出了一些领域内有待研究的问题。     

多级分布式多媒体指挥监控系统设计

分析了多级树型结构指挥体系的需求和传统监控系统软硬件实现方法的优缺点，在此基础上，提出了多级分布式多媒体指挥监控系统的综合解决方案。首先概述了系统的体系结构，剖析了各级指挥所的网络拓扑结构、数据流程和工作原理，然后对采用COM 技术建立分布式系统、实现监控信息的实时采集、处理和管理的方法进行了研究，阐明了软件体系结构和关键技术的实现方法。     

基于模型驱动的软件体系结构

介绍了一种基于模型驱动的软件体系结构。该体系结构将与实现技术无关的功能模型及基于某一特定技术的实现模型分离 ,通过不同模型之间的变换 ,使系统能适应技术的进步 ,解决系统在不同中间件平台上的集成、互操作性、可移植性等问题。此外 ,也讨论了这种体系结构的优缺点及今后需要解决的问题。     

Large scale interoperability and distributed transaction processing

This article integrates an interoperability architecture, the OSCA^TM architecture, and a distributed transaction processing protocol, the X/Open^® Distributed Transaction Processing model, into a unified model of large scale interoperability and distributed transaction processing. Applications supporting different business operations are often deployed in heterogeneous environments in which applications are stand alone islands and operations are fragmented. But in order to have integrated operations, a loosely coupled system of autonomous applications is required often bound together via a distributed transaction processing protocol. This article describes a model for this configuration. It will propose that the span of control of a transaction manager defines the transaction environment for a single application. Any two applications need not conform to the same supplier's transaction environment nor reside in the same environment. Interoperability must be provided among applications, since any one application cannot assume that any other application is under the control of the same transaction manager. Requirements are imposed upon the interactions of applications to support interoperability. The interface between transaction managers must be compatible with these requirements. Other distributed architecture standards must define the requirements for release independence, resource independence, accessibility transparency, location transparency, contract interfaces, and secure environment.     

基于多代理的分布式计算环境ABDE

分布式计算正朝着开放式处理发展,透明性、可扩展性、互操作性等问题是开放式分布处理亟待解决的问题。分析了传统C／S结构及多级分布C／S结构在可扩展性方面存在的问题,通过在三级分布式C／S结构中引入了一个中间服务管理局,从而提出了一种基于多代理的分布式计算环境ABDE。     

Emerging standards for component software

Component software benefits include reusability and interoperability, among others. What are the similarities and differences between the competing standards for this new technology, and how will they interoperate? Object-oriented technology is steadily gaining acceptance for commercial and custom application development through programming languages such as C++ and Smalltalk, object oriented CASE tools, databases, and operating systems such as Next Computer's NextStep. Two emerging technologies, called compound documents and component software, will likely accelerate the spread of objectoriented concepts across system-level services, development tools, and application-level behaviours. Tied closely to the popular client/server architecture for distributed computing, compound documents and component software define object-based models that facilitate interactions between independent programs. These new approaches promise to simplify the design and implementation of complex software applications and, equally important, simplify human-computer interactive work models for application end users. Following unfortunate tradition, major software vendors have developed competing standards to support and drive compound document and component software technologies. These incompatible standards specify distinct object models, data storage models, and application interaction protocols. The incompatibilities have generated confusion in the market, as independent software vendors, system integrators, in-house developers, and end users struggle to sort out the standards' relative merits, weaknesses, and chances for commercial success. Let's take a look now at the general technical concepts underlying compound documents and component software. Then we examine the OpenDoc, OLE 2, COM, and CORBA standards being proposed for these two technologies. Finally, we'll review the work being done to extend the standards and to achieve interoperability across them     

EPA互可操作测试技术研究与测试系统开发

在基于现场总线的分布式控制系统中，现场设备内在具有互操作需求。以我国自主开发的EPA现场总线标准设计和开发的互操作测试系统为例，详细地介绍了互操作测试系统的构成、软件设计和用于测试的测试案例。该测试系统对EPA的推广应用具有重要的推动作用。     

移动通信系统开放式基站体系架构研究

针对目前移动通信系统基站灵活性不高、互操作能力不强等问题,从软件架构和硬件架构两方面提出了一种开放式基站体系架构。该基站体系架构可以提高移动通信系统的灵活性与互操作性,以适应未来移动通信系统向软件化、宽带化、多模化、全IP化以及网络层次扁平化方向发展。     

A review and future directions of SOA-based software architecture modeling approaches for System of Systems

Software architecture is a software system’s earliest set of design decisions that are critical for the quality of the system desired by the stakeholders. The architecture makes it easier to reason about and manage change during different phases of complex software life cycle. The modeling of software architecture for System of Systems (SoS) is a challenging task because of a system’s complexity arising from an integration of heterogeneous, distributed, managerially and operationally independent systems collaborating to achieve global missions. SoS is essentially dynamic and evolutionary by design requiring suitable architectural patterns to deal with runtime volatility. Service-oriented architecture offers several architectural features to these complex systems; these include, interoperability, loose coupling, abstraction and the provision of dynamic services based on standard interfaces and protocols. There is some research work available that provides critical analysis of current software architecture modeling approaches for SoS. However, none of them outlines the important characteristics of SoS or provides detailed analysis of current service-oriented architecture modeling approaches to model those characteristics. This article addresses this research gap and provides a taxonomy of software architecture modeling approaches, comparing and contrasting them using criteria critical for realization of SoS. Additionally, research gaps are identified, and future directions are outlined for building software architecture for SoS to model and reason about architecture quality in a more efficient way in service-oriented paradigm.     

Networking home entertainment devices with HAVi

The home audio/video interoperability (HAVi) architecture is a set of application programming interfaces (APIs), services, and an on-the-wire protocol specified by an industry initiative. HAVi facilitates multivendor interoperability between consumer electronics devices and computing devices and simplifies the development of distributed applications on home networks. The HAVi architecture strikes a balance between the demands of consumers and vendors by facilitating both device interoperability and the innovation and introduction of new features or refinements. A key feature of HAVi is that each physical device has an associated software proxy. Adding new proxies to a home system makes new features or devices accessible even to applications running on older devices     

一个基于SOA的大型分布式计算机辅助教学系统

传统的面向对象的软件开发方法所开发的应用系统通常与开发工具、宿主平台、操作系统紧密耦合，容易导致和形成所谓的“信息孤岛”。面向服务的体系结构（SOA）被认为是解决分布式环境中软件重用、互操作、提高软件开发效率的有效途径。本文以一个具体的计算机辅助教学管理系统—NWU-CMI为实例，研究了利用Web服务实现基于SOA的大型分布式软件系统的有效方法，同时，深入分析了采用SOA体系结构开发NWU-CMI系统的代码重用、系统结构、服务组装等关键实现技术。     

Decentralized cloud manufacturing-as-a-service (CMaaS) platform architecture with configurable digital assets

Contemporary Cloud Manufacturing-as-a-Service (CMaaS) platforms now promise customers instant pricing and access to a large capacity of manufacturing nodes. However, many of the CMaaS platforms are centralized with data flowing through an intermediary agent connecting clients with service providers. This paper reports the design, implementation and validation of middleware software architectures which aim to directly connect client users with manufacturing service providers while improving transparency, data integrity, data provenance and retaining data ownership to its creators. In the first middleware, clients have the ability to directly customize and configure parts parametrically, leading to an instant generation of downstream manufacturing process plan codes. In the second middleware, clients can track the data provenance generated in a blockchain based decentralized architecture across a manufacturing system. The design of digital assets across a distributed manufacturing system infrastructure controlled by autonomous smart contracts through Ethereum based ERC-721 non-fungible tokens is proposed to enable communication and collaboration across decentralized CMaaS platform architectures. The performance of the smart contracts was evaluated on three different global Ethereum blockchain test networks with the centrality and dispersion statistics on their performance provided as a reference benchmark for future smart contract implementations.