遗传算法在自动控制领域中的应用综述

本文详细综述了近年来遗传算法在自动控制领 域的应用情况．简单介绍了遗传算法及其改进,论述了遗传算法在系统辨识和模型降阶、最 优控制、线性和非线性控制系统、滑摸控制、鲁棒控制、模糊逻辑控制、神经网络控制和自 适应控制中的应用成果．讨论了遗传算法以及传统优化方法的优点和不足,并指出了今后进 一步研究方向．     

遗传算法在神经网络中的应用

本文在分析了神经网络在应用中存在的局限性的同时也介绍了遗传算法的基本概念,以及分析遗传算法在实际应用中的优势．并且在此基础上介绍了使用遗传算法优化神经网络的方法和在应用中使用遗传算法优化神经网络时应该注意的问题以及参数的设置方法。     

随机化均匀设计混合遗传算法求解图的二划分问题

图的二划分问题是一个典型的NP—hard组合优化问题,在许多领域都有重要应用．近年来,传统遗传算法等各种智能优化方法被引入到该问题的求解中来,但效果不理想．基于理想浓度模型的机理分析,利用随机化均匀设计抽样的理论和方法,对遗传算法中的交叉操作进行了重新设计,并在分析图的二划分问题特点的基础上,结合局部搜索策略,给出了一个解决图的二划分问题的新的遗传算法．通过将该算法与简单遗传算法和佳点集遗传算法进行求解图的二划分问题的仿真模拟比较,可以看出新的算法提高了求解的质量、速度和精度．     

基于主动进化的遗传算法

根据当前遗传学和生物进化论中对变异方式的研究成果．将定向变异的思想引入到标准遗传算法领域，提出了一种基于主动进化的遗传算法．这种改进的遗传算法，可以在很大程度上克服现有遗传算法执行效率低的问题．我们将这种方法应用到TSP问题中，取得满意的实验结果、     

基于量子遗传算法的盲源分离算法研究

在改进遗传量子算法的基础上，提出了一种新的量子遗传算法并从理论上证明了算法的全局收剑性．提出了基于量子遗传算法与独立分量分析算法相结合的盲源分离新算法．仿真结果表明：新方法比采用常规遗传算法的盲源分离方法具有明显的高效性．     

非线性最小二乘全局解的混合计算智能算法

通过在遗传算法中嵌入牛顿算子，并定义适当的适应度和数据结构，从而得到可结合遗传算法和牛顿法两者长处，既有较快收敛性，又能以较大概率求得非线性最小二乘全局解的混合计算智能算法．数值结果表明了该方法显著优于遗传算法和牛顿法．     

十进制编码遗传算法的模式定理研究

根据遗传算法中采用的编码策略,可将遗传算法分为两大类：二进制编码遗传算法和十进制编码遗传算法．二进制遗传算法的数学基本定理是模式定理,但对于十进制编码遗传算法是否也存在其模式定理是待探讨的问题．本文在十进制数编码遗传算法的理论基础上,给出十进制编码遗传算法的相应概念并引入符号基因表和模式不变位的概念,根据十进制编码遗传算法的简单遗传算子对其模式的影响,推导出十进制编码遗传算法的模式定理．     

复杂环境下路径规划问题的遗传路径规划方法

本文主要研究复杂环境下路径规划问题的遗传算法求解方法．介绍了适于求解路径 规划问题的遗传算法,针对复杂环境的特点设计了有效的路径遗传算子,在此基础上提出一 种新的度量路径个体适应度的计算方法．试验表明,该算法有很强的鲁棒性,适合于复杂环 境下的路径规划．     

基于遗传算法的工业以太网环型拓扑优化

为了改善交换式工业以太网的网络性能,给出了其采用环形拓扑时的设计原则,并把它们等价为一个带约束条件的网络优化问题．然后通过设计遗传算法来寻找该优化问题的解,为避免遗传算法的早熟收敛,在进化过程中采用了基于混沌迁移的伪并行进化方案．最后针对一个仿真例子,对比了基于遗传算法进行拓扑优化前后的网络性能,仿真结果验证了该优化方法的有效性．     

模糊Job Shop调度中的混合搜索策略的研究

采用并行遗传算法作为全局搜索算法，提出一种混合搜索策略，用于求解模糊Job Shop调度问题．根据模糊Job Shop调度问题解的特征，提出基于关键工序的邻域选择方法，并将基于这种邻域选择方法的禁忌搜索算法作为局部搜索算法，加强了遗传算法局部搜索能力．针对13个困难benchmark问题的实验结果表明，在较短的时间内，混合搜索策略的算法得到的平均满意度比并行遗传算法提高4.67%，比TSAB算法提高5.76%．采用的禁忌搜索算法改善了遗传算法的局部搜索能力，说明提出的混合搜索策略是有效的．     

基于功能面的产品布局与人机工程协同设计的研究

在产品概念设计中,布局设计和人机工程设计是两个相互影响和制约的设计过程,。为了将这种布局设计和人机工程设计协同起来,将功能面作为概念设计发解的依据,并在此基础上提出了基于功能面的协同概念设计过程和方法,以及布局设施 人机工程协同设计模型和形式化描述方法,最后结合摩托车的概念设计实例给出了一个计算机支持的布局和人机工程协同设计系统的实现方案。     

A framework for collaborative top-down assembly design

This paper presents a new system framework for collaborative top-down assembly design. Different from current computer-aided design (CAD) systems, the framework allows a group of designers to collaboratively conduct product design in a top-down manner. In our framework, a multi-level and distributed assembly model is adopted to effectively support collaborative top-down assembly design. Meanwhile, fine-granularity collaborative design functionalities are provided. First, the coupled structural parameters involved in the distributed skeleton models of the product can be collaboratively determined by the correlative designers based on fuzzy and utility theory. Second, agent based design variation propagation is achieved to ensure the consistency of the multi-level and distributed assembly model during the whole design process. Third, collaborative design of assembly interfaces between the components assigned to different designers is supported. The prototype implementation shows that our framework works well for supporting practical collaborative top-down assembly design.     

浅析陶瓷设计

中国的陶瓷艺术历史悠久,各个朝代的陶瓷精品令人流连忘返。可是近百年来,中国的陶瓷艺术是每况愈下,而长期以来小农经济的体制,师徒承传的规律所导致的人们单凭直觉和经验来设计的习惯正是这种情况重要原因之一。到底何为陶瓷设计?陶瓷设计在陶瓷艺术中到底有多重要的价值?该怎样进行陶瓷设计?常见的设计方法有那些?     

A practical generative design method

A generative CAD based design exploration method is proposed. It is suitable for complex multi-criteria design problems where important performance criteria are uncomputable. The method is based on building a genotype of the design within a history based parametric CAD system and then, varying its parameters randomly within pre-defined limits to generate a set of distinctive designs. The generated designs are then filtered through various constraint envelopes representing geometric viability, manufacturability, cost and other performance related constraints, thus reducing the vast design space into a smaller viable design space represented by a set of distinctive designs. These designs may then be further developed by the designer. The proposed generative design method makes minimal imposition on the designer’s work process and maintains both flexibility and fluidity that is required for creative design exploration. Its ability to work seamlessly with current CAD based design practices from early conceptual to detailed design is demonstrated. The design philosophy behind this generative method and the key steps involved in its implementation are presented with examples.     

Design process excludes users: the co-creation activities between user and designer

User needs are a fundamental element of design. If the design process does not properly reflect user needs, the design will be severely compromised. Therefore, it is worthwhile to investigate how the user is, and user needs are, understood in the design process. In this article, three accepted linear process models for web site and interactive media design are reviewed in terms of the designer and user participation. The article then proposes a user-evolving collaborative design process which is built on co-creation activities between designer and user. Co-creation activities across the entire design process structurally and ontologically reposition the users, and user needs, centrally, which allows the designers to holistically approach to the user needs through building a partnership with the users. Co-creation creates an equal evolving participatory process between user and designer towards sharing values and knowledge and creating new domains of collective creativity.     

A methodological approach for user interface development of collaborative applications: A case study

In the last few years, the production of systems which support learning and group work has been high. However, the design and development of these types of systems are difficult, mainly due to the multidisciplinarity involved. Furthermore, the Graphic User Interface (GUI) of an application is receiving greater attention, since it can be decisive in determining if the application is accepted or rejected by users. Model-based design is a widespread technique in the user interface development process. While reviewing approaches that deal with the modeling and design of user interfaces supporting collaborative tasks, we have detected that there is no proposal that links interactive and collaborative issues. We have introduced a methodological approach to solve this shortcoming. This approach is called CIAM (Collaborative Interactive Application Methodology) and it is composed of several stages in which conceptual models are created using CIAN (Collaborative Interactive Application Notation). These models start by modeling the organization in which the application will be used, as well as the tasks that must be supported. In the initial stages, the organization and the collaborative tasks are modeled using high-level specifications. In the following stages, the level of detail increases and, finally, the interaction between the individual users and the application is modeled using ConcurTaskTrees (CTT) notation. The interaction model acts as a bridge between the design and the implementation of the Graphic User Interface. In this paper we present our methodological approach and an example of applying this method for user interface design of collaborative and interactive applications.     

Object-oriented design for manufacture

Economically effective and timely product manufacture requires that appropriate decisions are taken during the design of the product. Recent years have seen very considerable growth in the study and communication of knowledge in the area of design for manufacture (DFM). At the same time there have appeared many additional pressures on the design process: rapid changes in market requirements, evolution and revolution in product and process technologies, legislated strictures and liabilities, and quality and cost issues which must increasingly be addressed earlier in the course of product design. As a consequence there is a strongly perceived need to enhance design methods in order to address the many disparate aspects of design in an efficient manner. In this paper the DFM problem is addressed within this larger context. The approach described in the paper begins with the hypothesis that the concept of manufacturability can be established as one of a number of required attributes of a part which is to be designed and manufactured. An information model is then proposed which provides the potential to allow determination of manufactur-ability to be made in an ongoing fashion in parallel with other design activities. The nature of the information model is shown to be in harmony with object-oriented programming environments. Finally, the information model is used to illustrate the potential to embody the large body of DFM knowledge which is already in existence but which has yet to be systematically encoded.     

A generative design technique for exploring shape variations

Because innovative and creative design is essential to a successful product, this work brings the benefits of generative design in the conceptual phase of the product development process so that designers/engineers can effectively explore and create ingenious designs and make better design decisions. We proposed a state-of-the-art generative design technique (GDT), called Space-filling-GDT (Sf-GDT), for the creation of innovative designs. The proposed Sf-GDT has the ability to create variant optimal design alternatives for a given computer-aided design (CAD) model. An effective GDT should generate design alternatives that cover the entire design space. Toward that end, the criterion of space-filling is utilized, which uniformly distribute designs in the design space thereby giving a designer a better understanding of possible design options. To avoid creating similar designs, a weighted-grid-search approach is developed and integrated into the Sf-GDT. One of the core contributions of this work lies in the ability of Sf-GDT to explore hybrid design spaces consisting of both continuous and discrete parameters either with or without geometric constraints. A parameter-free optimization technique, called Jaya algorithm, is integrated into the Sf-GDT to generate optimal designs. Three different design parameterization and space formulation strategies; explicit, interactive, and autonomous, are proposed to set up a promising search region(s) for optimization. Two user interfaces; a web-based and a Windows-based, are also developed to utilize Sf-GDT with the existing CAD software having parametric design abilities. Based on the experiments in this study, Sf-GDT can generate creative design alternatives for a given model and outperforms existing state-of-the-art techniques.     

解码产品设计过程——外观与结构

解构主义最大的特点是反中心,反权威,反二元对抗,反非黑即白的理论解构看重的是差异和重复,不是对立和矛盾。各个产品公司在设计过程中都反映了结构设计的重要性,一个产品的诞生时间花费较多的就是结构,出问题较多的也是结构,但最后追究责任时,大部分都是外观设计师,因为设计出来的产品结构不能开模。在产品设计过程中设计师并非仅仅是产品外观设计师准确的说是工业设计师,即从事产品设计这项工作不能只停留在漂亮的设计效果图纸上,还要学习掌握结构、材料、生产工艺等,要清楚产品设计的全过程。在产品设计过程中外观设计与结构设计是非对抗的无绝对权威的。     

基于公理化设计矩阵与设计结构矩阵同步演化的产品设计

基于公理化设计与设计结构矩阵具有互补性这一特点,提出了公理化设计矩阵与设计结构矩阵同步演化的设计思想.讨论了如何通过公理化设计矩阵与设计结构矩阵的同步演化来实现产品创新设计中的发散与收敛思维, 即通过公理化设计矩阵进行功能需求的发散性求解,基于设计结构矩阵进行收敛行评价.最后通过轧纸机构设计实例,具体阐述了公理化设计矩阵与设计结构矩阵同步演化过程.