航电武器系统精度评估研究

针对航电武器系统完成空空和空地任务精度评估的需要,对航电武器系统评估系统进行了方案设计,建立了航电武器系统基于统计的评估数学模型、基于粗糙集神经网络算法的评估数学模型,设计并实现了航电武器系统评估软件。运用该软件对航电武器系统进行评估研究,根据不同的评估信号采用不同的方法进行评估,仿真结果表明,算法是合理和有效的。评估系统已成功应用于航电武器系统的辅助设计、系统综合、性能在线测试、靶试评估和故障定位。     

一种基于协商的软件过程协同方法

大型软件系统的开发大多要求多人协同完成．软件过程协同的一个重要特点是协同的参与者都试图通过实施协同任务来取得最大化的获利，因而协同的决策和实施不是强制性的，而是由软件开发人员或软件组织经过协商来进行的．传统的软件过程建模方法中对软件过程协同的描述是刚性的，即在满足进入条件或者被显式调用时，协同就一定会被触发，并按照一个规定好的规则或方针来实施，这样的方法难以适应软件过程协同中所表现的协商特性．提出了一个基于协商的软件过程协同方法，将软件过程描述为一组相对独立的、自治的、理性的、协作的软件过程Agent，过程Agent之间的协同关系由过程Agent通过协商确定，相比传统的方法，具有能够更好地适应软件过程协同的特点．     

Surface roughness visualisation for rapid prototyping models

When considering the use of rapid prototyping (RP), there are many questions a designer might ask. One such question is “what build orientation should be used to minimise the adverse effects of surface roughness?” At present, this decision is often made in an intuitive way or sometimes overlooked completely. This paper describes a methodology and software implementation that provides the designer with a computer graphics based visualisation of RP model surface roughness. This enables the build orientation to be determined as a result of increased designer knowledge. The surface roughness values were obtained through an extensive empirical investigation of several RP techniques. These are used as the database for a visualisation algorithm that represents varying surface roughness of the RP model as colour shading within a CAD image. The nature of the empirical measurements is analysed and the functionality of the software algorithm is described. Examples are given that demonstrate the use and benefits of the methodology. Finally, conclusions are drawn as to the significance of the work and future research directions are outlined.     

Behavior specification in a software design system

A technique for software system behavior specification appropriate for use in designing systems with concurrency is presented. The technique is based upon a generalized ability to define events, or significant occurrences in a software system, and then indicate whatever constraints the designer might wish to see imposed upon the ordering or simultaneity of those events. Constructs implementing this technique in the DREAM software design system are presented and illustrated. The relationship of this technique to other behavior specification techniques is also discussed.     

Computer-aided ergonomics: a case study of incorporating ergonomics analyses into workplace design

One of the primary goals of computer-aided ergonomics is to develop software tools that allow ergonomics information to be accessed at the earliest stages of design. This case study discusses a PC-based software program that allows a designer to quantify a worker's biomechanical risk for injury based on a proposed workplace design. The program couples an established software tool for biomechanical analysis, the Three-Dimensional Static Strength Prediction Program (3DSSPP), with a widely used computer-aided design software package, AutoCAD. The use of this "3DSSPP/AutoCAD interface" in the proactive analysis of an automotive assembly task is described and the results compared with an independent assessment using observations of workers performing the same task. Both studies yield similar conclusions, suggesting that proactive use of software such as the 3DSSPP/AutoCAD interface may be a valid tool in evaluating proposed workplace designs. In this context, issues in the analysis of workplace designs regarding the use of supporting ergonomic tools, assumptions, and posture selection are discussed.     

LIY: learn-it-yourself software interfaces

An increasing number of people are becoming users of unfamiliar software. They can be genuinely "new" computer users or part of a growing group who are transferring skills and knowledge from a familiar product such as a word processor to a functionally similar, but different, unfamiliar one. The problem for users in this position is that they do not have access to training courses to teach them how to use such software and are usually forced to rely on text-based documentation. LIY is a method for producing computer-based tutorials to teach the user ofasoftware product.This paper describes how LIY is, in turn, (1) a method for application system design which recognizes the need for tutorial design (a task analysis and user interface specification provide information structures that are passed to the tutorial designer); (2) a support environment for the tutorial designer (in addition to prompting for courseware for nodes in the task analysis, LIY provides a ready-made rule base for constraining the degree of learner control available while the tutorial is in use. The designer is able to tailor this rule base for a specific tutorial); and (3) a tutorial delivery environment (the tutorial adapts to individual learners and offers a degree of learner control).     

软件体系结构层次的适应性度量技术研究

软件适应特定变化的能力对软件开发和维护都具有重要的影响.软件适应性(Software Flexibility)是反映软件适应变化能力的一项重要质量特征.实践说明软件体系结构设计在很大程度上决定了软件的适应性.在软件体系结构层次上量化地度量软件适应性,有助于设计人员改善和比较软件体系结构的设计方案,并可以辅助设计人员评价软件体系结构的质量.本文首先定义了软件适应性的因素-准则-度量模型(FCM模型);然后在此基础上提出了一种利用变化影响图(CIG)对软件适应性进行度量的方法.     

Hypermedia and engineering design

Abstract

Building Services Engineering (bse) is an applied discipline within the construction industry. It is concerned with the design, installation, operation and maintenance of all mechanical and electrical systems in buildings. Design software developed for the bse industry is typically structured on sets of well-established rules and building codes. Anecdotal evidence indicates that junior designers, who may lack experience and confidence, frequently adopt a ‘black box’ approach when applying design software. This may be contrasted with the more experienced designer who typically questions the assumptions and algorithms adopted before applying the programs. However, this is not always possible even for the experienced designer, particularly where ‘conventional’ computer-languages have been used to develop die software. It is therefore argued within the paper that for some applications design software based on hypermedia may be more appropriate. This is demonstrated through the development of a prototype ‘fire sprinkler layout design’ model using HyperCard. The paper also indicates that by constructing strategic relations between objects the effectiveness of the design model can be enhanced. In this way the designer is better able to control the process of navigation within die model.     

Optimization of Mechatronic Systems Using the Software Package NEWOPT/AIMS

Optimization of mechatronic systems is an interactive process which requires the iterative application of several different computer algorithms and decisions of the designer depending on the demands of the optimization problem. In this paper the software package NEWOPT/AIMS for optimization of multibody systems is presented. For the application to mechatronical systems the software is augmented by additional methods for sensitivity analysis and scalar optimization.The software package includes algorithms for simulation, sensitivity analysis and optimization. Sensitivities can be provided by the efficient semi-analytical adjoint variable method, automatic differentiation or finite differences. For multicriteria optimization the designer may choose from different strategies and algorithms.The interactive optimization process is supported by an interface designed for a simplified and intuitive usage of the software tool.The optimization procedure is demonstrated for two complex systems, a manipulator with parallel kinematics, and a model of a reconstruction of a damaged human middle ear.     

GUIDE: Games with UML for interactive design exploration

In this paper we present our design tool GUIDE, which allows the user to explore a design in UML interactively by playing a game. The game incorporates both the design model and a specification of what it means for the design to be correct. The central idea of this approach is that the designer can increment the game during a play and gradually add more detail to it. Specification and design are refined by repeated plays of the game. The designer stops playing when design and specification are detailed enough for his purpose and match each other. The interactive game approach helps to cope with incompleteness and informal definition of UML models, which make strictly formal verification techniques difficult. The designer may resolve these problems when they arise during a play or let the GUIDE tool determine how the play should proceed. We discuss the potential impact of GUIDE and tools like it on software development.     

A model of design decision making based on empirical results of interviews with software designers

Despite the impact of design decisions on software design, we have little understanding about how design decisions are made. This hinders our ability to provide design metrics, processes and training that support inherent design work. By interviewing 25 software designers and using content analysis and explanation building as our analysis technique, we provide qualitative and quantitative results that highlight aspects of rational and naturalistic decision making in software design. Our qualitative multi-case study results in a model of design decision making to answer the question: how do software designers make design decisions? We find the structure of the design problem determines the aspects of rational and naturalistic decision making used. The more structured the design decision, the less a designer considers options.     

将软件设计师考试融入计算机专业教学的方法

软件设计师考试是计算机技术与软件技术考试的中级资格考试,把软件设计师考试与计算机专业教学灵活地结合起来可以拓宽在校大学生的发展空间。基于参加2013年下半年软件设计师考试的经历,总结出了一些应对软件设计师考试的方法,并将这些方法融入计算机专业课程的教学。将软件设计师考试的知识点,特别是常见的设计模式引入实际的教学中取得了一定的成果。     

ProMiner:系统性质驱动的双向一致性检验框架

在模型驱动软件开发过程中,基于模型的测试方法往往用于检验软件代码针对软件模型的一致性以确保软件质量.然而,随着当今软件系统规模的不断扩大,相应的软件开发过程也变得越来越灵活,代码有时会先于模型被修改,以更忠实地体现系统功能和实现机制.传统的基于模型的测试方法只能检测代码之于模型的一致性而不能反作用于模型层面,模型的修改者只能人为地评估修改的正确性,大大降低了效率并增加了系统的潜在隐患.为此,对传统基于模型的测试方法的一致性检验进行了扩展,实现了一致性检验框架ProMiner,通过抽取表达模型与代码的不一致的系统性质来自动定位模型中与实际运行系统不匹配的部分,并将其表示为可直接用于模型检测的线性时序逻辑(LTL)表达式,以支持软件模型和代码间双向的一致性检验.实验结果表明,ProMiner可有效查找软件模型和代码间的不一致并生成可直接检测模型的系统性质,从而实现了自动化的模型与代码间的双向一致性检测,不仅提高了一致性检测的有效性,而且大大减少了人力开销.     

A learning agent that assists the browsing of software libraries

Locating software items is difficult, even for knowledgeable software designers, when searching in large, complex and continuously growing libraries. This paper describes a technique we term “active browsing”. An active browser suggests to the designer items it estimates to be close to the target of the search. The novel aspect of active browsing is that it is entirely unobtrusive: it infers its similarity measure from the designer's normal browsing actions, without any special input. Experiments are presented in which the active browsing system succeeds 40% of the time in identifying the target before the designer has found it. An additional experiment indicates that this approach does, indeed, speed up searches     

现代Web设计中的交互性原则

传统Web设计存在普遍性的误区,很多思想仅仅适用于早期或者面向页面的简单Web站点开发,难以面对现代商业站点中的大量事务处理。相对于组织、内容、条理性和表现,交互性是当前Web设计中需要关注的重点。在Web站点开发过程中,交互设计师、信息设计师和视觉设计师需要密切合作,Web设计过程与通用软件开发过程是类似的。     

A graph-based representation of game scenarios; methodology for minimizing anomalies in computer game

When we design the computer games, new concepts are hard to communicate because the development of the new computer games is far less formalized compared with other software. However, the creative processing additionally has the benefit if the new concepts of the computer games are widely used and discussed. We focus on understanding the ideas to be shared between the game designer and the game programmer in the game design. The research defines a graph-based representation of game scenarios is in terms of Event graph, State graph, and Action graph forms in order to minimize anomalies of game flow design. This method in our research can reduce unexpected and undesirable game situations. Also it reduces the mismatched information between the game designer and the game programmer in game-playing. Compared with the existing method such as storyboard, flowchart, and SSM, we demonstrate the viability of our game design methodology.     

谈设计管理学对设计师的指导作用

设计管理学是一门有关如何管理设计的应用学科,好的设计管理在设计项目中起着重要作用。设计项目由客户、企业或者组织机构提供资金,由设计师、设计团队或设计咨询公司共同完成。而除了设计经理人统领整个设计项目之外,设计师对设计管理的理解能力与应用程度也决定了设计项目的成败。在本论文中详细阐述设计管理在设计项目中对设计师的指导作用及重要意义。     

Architectural issues in solid modelers

Several issues related to solid modeling are examined. Fundamental background definitions and concepts are presented, concentrating especially on dual-representation solid-modeling environments. An ideal architecture is hypothesized and it is shown that the current state of the art leads to one of two compromise architectures in practice. Also studied are lower level development strategies, including schemes that trade-off, to varying extents, the goal of minimizing flexibility in geometric forms as provided to the designer. The need for software architectures that promote development of application functions has led to the development of standard modeling-system interfaces at the procedure call level. Several open issues are identified. Some prevent the complete realization of the ideal architectures, whereas others arise as areas potentially benefiting from a flexible dual-representation environment     

基于GPRS的路灯节能控制系统的研究与设计

介绍了以STC89C52为核心的路灯节能控制系统的结构组成,包括GPRS无线通信,电压、电流的采样、显示,系统电压的控制和系统的软件设计。