一种基于非局部思想的改进图像降噪算法

数字图像因噪声的影响会严重降低其视觉效果,图像降噪算法的研究是数字图像处理领域的一个重要研究方向。本文在基于稀疏和冗余字典的图像降噪算法基础上,提出了一种基于非局部思想的改进图像降噪算法。与传统的基于稀疏表达的图像降噪算法KSVD相比,本文算法增加了一个相似块聚合的过程,使得学习的字典更小且更准确。利用自然图像包含很多的自相似,相似样本聚合学习出的字典比传统KSVD算法能更准确更稀疏的表示样本。稀疏度的提高使得重建后的信号更加的准确,适应性更好。实验证明本文算法取得了更好的视觉效果。     

自适应超完备字典学习的SAR图像降噪

提出一种基于自适应超完备字典学习的SAR图像降噪。该算法建立在超完备字典稀疏表示基础上,具有较强的数据稀疏性和稳健的建模假设。算法依据相干斑噪声统计特性,通过分步优化字典原子和变换系数自适应构造超完备字典,利用获得的超完备字典将图像局部信息投影到高维空间中,实现图像的稀疏表示,运用正则化方法建立多目标优化模型。最后通过对优化问题的求解重建SAR图像场景分辨单元的平均强度,实现SAR图像的降噪。实验结果表明,该算法对相干斑噪声有很好的抑制效果,并且具有保持图像细节信息的优点。     

基于稀疏表示和词袋模型的高光谱图像分类

为增强高光谱图像稀疏表示分类方法中稀疏字典的表征能力并充分利用高光谱图像的光谱信息和空间信息,提出了一种新的基于稀疏表示和词袋模型的高光谱遥感图像分类方法。首先利用词袋模型算法结合高光谱遥感图像数据集生成各类别专业码本,作为字典中对应的原子构造稀疏表示字典。在计算每个像元的对应稀疏表示字典中的稀疏表示特征时,利用空间连续性约束对像元的稀疏表示系数进行空间维的约束。最后根据最小重构误差实现高光谱图像分类。高光谱遥感数据实验结果表明:所提方法能有效提高分类效果,并且其分类精度和Kappa系数都优于其他稀疏表示方法以及单独使用光谱信息的方法。     

基于过完备字典稀疏表示的图像超分辨率研究

提出一种基于过完备字典稀疏表示的通用图像超分辨率算法。利用过完备字典代替稀疏基,采用学习的方法得到低分辨率图像和高分辨率图像之间的关系,最终从高分辨率图像块的字典中重构出超分辨率图像。实现了基于matlab的稀疏表示(omp算法)和字典更新(K-SVD算法)的字典学习算法,并通过仿真实验,以PSNR等指标论证了编码算法的有效性。     

基于稀疏表示的医学图像融合

针对传统基于K阶奇异值分解(KSVD)的字典学习算法时间复杂度高,学习字典对源图像的表达能力不理想,应用于医学图像融合效果差的问题,提出了一种新的字典学习方法:在字典学习之前对医学图像的特征信息进行筛选,选取能量和细节信息丰富的图像块作为训练集学习字典;根据学习得到的字典建立源图像的稀疏表示模型,运用正交匹配追踪算法(OMP)求解每个图像块的稀疏系数,采用"绝对值最大"策略构造融合图像的稀疏表示系数,最终得到融合图像.实验结果表明:针对不同的医学图像,提出的方法有效.     

基于核字典学习的图像分类

航拍图像往往具有场景复杂、数据维度大的特点,对于该类图像的自动分类一直是研究的热点。针对航拍原始数据特征维度过高和数据线性不可分的问题,在字典学习和稀疏表示的基础上提出了一种结合核字典学习和线性鉴别分析的目标识别方法。首先学习核字典并通过核字典获取目标样本的稀疏表示,挖掘数据的内部结构;其次采用线性鉴别分析,加强稀疏表示的可分性;最后利用支持向量机对目标进行分类。实验结果表明,与传统基于子空间特征提取的算法和基于字典学习的算法相比,基于核字典学习与鉴别分析的算法分类性能优越。     

基于DCT过完备字典和MOD算法的图像去噪方法

文章介绍了一种DCT过完备字典和MOD算法相结合的图像稀疏表示去噪算法。首先将噪声图像分成小图像块,并运用正交匹配跟踪算法（0MP）在图像的初始化DCT过完备字典上对小图像块进行稀疏分解;然后使用MOD字典学习算法对DCT过完备字典进行更新;最后重复该过程以获得图像的稀疏表示并重构图像。试验结果表明：该方法在实现图像去噪的同时,其去噪性能比传统的方法更有优势。     

稀疏表示分类中遮挡字典构造方法的改进

针对稀疏表示分类算法中遮挡字典维数高且无冗余的问题,提出一种遮挡字典构造方法.首先通过图像分块得到各级的遮挡基图像;然后将所有互不相同的遮挡基图像按字典顺序转化为向量,并用这些向量作为遮挡字典的列,从而构造出维数相对较低且具有一定冗余度的遮挡字典.实验结果表明,该方法不仅明显提高了稀疏表示分类算法对遮挡人脸的识别率,而且还能通过减少图像的分块级数降低稀疏分解的耗时量,提高运算效率.     

基于结构字典的图像修复算法

随着稀疏表示理论的日渐完善,利用信号的稀疏性对图像进行修复得到广泛应用。本文针对传统的字典仅是一种无结构的扁平的原子的集合,没有充分利用原子之间相关性的问题,提出基于结构字典的图像修复算法。实验结果表明了该算法的有效性。基于结构字典的图像修复算法不仅可以训练字典更紧致地完成图像修复任务,而且训练得到的字典具有平移不变性、尺度灵活性等优点。     

基于聚类结构自适应稀疏表示的高光谱遥感图像修复研究

高光谱影像(Hyper-Spectral Image,HSI)的图像修复是其数据应用中重要的一个环节,最终会影响后续工作的准确性。提出一种新的基于聚类结构自适应稀疏表示的高光谱遥感图像的修复算法,该方法的优点是根据遥感图像地物的特征进行自适应地块大小选择,并对像素聚类后各个波段图像按照字典学习算法进行稀疏表示,通过稀疏逼近实现高光谱遥感图像的修复。实验结果表明:利用自适应获得的稀疏系数能更好地表示高光谱图像,图像的峰值信噪比(Peak Signal-toNoise Ratio,PSNR)为26.6dB,比其他研究的算法有所提高。该方法可以应用于遥感图像处理流程中,提高图像的应用潜力。     

基于离群点检测的图形图象噪声滤除算法

图形图象噪声过滤与修正,在媒体制作、图象分析与信息提取中起着十分重要的作用.虽然基于小波变换的算法能够对高斯噪声进行较好的滤噪处理,但对于随机分布于图象中的各种非高斯噪声仍没有普遍适用的滤噪方法.为了对这种随机分布于图象中的噪声进行有效的检测与滤除,采用对数字图象像素进行解析化描述的方法,从离群点检测的角度给出噪声的定义,并在此基础上构造了相应的图象噪声检测与滤除算法.实验结果表明,这一新方法对图象类型具有广泛的适应性和较好的噪声滤除效果,在大规模图形图象处理应用中具有实用价值.     

Denoising of multicomponent images using wavelet least-squares estimators

In this paper, we study denoising of multicomponent images. The presented procedures are spatial wavelet-based denoising techniques, based on Bayesian least-squares optimization procedures, using prior models for the wavelet coefficients that account for the correlations between the spectral bands. We analyze three mixture priors: Gaussian scale mixture models, Bernoulli-Gaussian mixture models and Laplacian mixture models. These three prior models are studied within the same framework of least-squares optimization. The presented procedures are compared to Gaussian prior model and single-band denoising procedures. We analyze the suppression of non-correlated as well as correlated white Gaussian noise on multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing data and Rician distributed noise on multiple images of within-modality magnetic resonance data. It is shown that a superior denoising performance is obtained when (a) the interband covariances are fully accounted for and (b) prior models are used that better approximate the marginal distributions of the wavelet coefficients.     

Adaptive edge-preserving image denoising using wavelet transforms

Image denoising is a relevant issue found in diverse image processing and computer vision problems. It is a challenge to preserve important features, such as edges, corners and other sharp structures, during the denoising process. Wavelet transforms have been widely used for image denoising since they provide a suitable basis for separating noisy signal from the image signal. This paper describes a novel image denoising method based on wavelet transforms to preserve edges. The decomposition is performed by dividing the image into a set of blocks and transforming the data into the wavelet domain. An adaptive thresholding scheme based on edge strength is used to effectively reduce noise while preserving important features of the original image. Experimental results, compared to other approaches, demonstrate that the proposed method is suitable for different classes of images contaminated by Gaussian noise.     

On denoising and compression of DNA microarray images

We address the problems of noise and huge data sizes in microarray images. First, we propose a mixture model for describing the statistical and structural properties of microarray images. Then, based on the microarray image model, we present methods for denoising and for compressing microarray images. The denoising method is based on a variant of the translation-invariant wavelet transform. The compression method introduces the notion of approximate contexts (rather than traditional exact contexts) in modeling the symbol probabilities in a microarray image. This inexact context modeling approach is important in dealing with the noisy nature of microarray images. Using the proposed denoising and compression methods, we describe a near-lossless compression scheme suitable for microarray images. Results on both denoising and compression are included, which show the performance of the proposed methods. Further experiments using the results of the proposed near-lossless compression scheme in gene clustering using cell-cycle microarray data for S. cerevisiae showed a general improvement in the clustering performance, when compared with using the original data. This provides an indirect validation of the effectiveness of the proposed denoising method.     

基于偏微分方程的舌图像去噪研究

在对舌图像的去噪过程中,平滑噪声的同时容易丢失边缘和纹理等细节信息。为此,研究基于偏微分方程的舌图像去噪方法,分别采用中值滤波、高斯滤波、P-M方程、正则化P-M方程以及耦合冲击-复扩散滤波模型,对加噪舌图像进行滤波。比较结果表明,正则化P-M方程更适合舌图像的去噪处理,该方法处理速度快、去噪效果好,且能有效保护图像边缘。     

基于TV与SSIM的图像质量评价方法

提出一种基于全变分(TV)模型与结构相似度(SSIM)的图像质量评价方法。对待评价图像进行主动定量加噪,得到降质图像,利用自适应的TV去噪模型得到消噪图像,采用SSIM方法对待评价图像与消噪图像进行全参考评价,得到待评价图像的无参考评价指标。采用标准测试图像和LIVE库的降质图像进行实验,结果表明,该方法可在无参考图像的条件下对图像质量进行评估,评价结果与主观评价结果具有较高的一致性。     

Image denoising feedback framework using split Bregman approach

In this paper, an image denoising feedback framework is proposed for both color and range images. The proposed method works on an error minimization principle using split Bregman method. At first image is denoised by computing means in the local neighborhood. The pixels that have big differences from the center of the local neighborhood compared to the noise variance are then extracted from the denoised image. There is a low correlation between the extracted pixels and their local neighborhood. This information is fed to the feedback function and denoising is performed again, iteratively, to minimize the error. In most cases, the proposed framework yields best results both qualitatively and quantitatively. It shows better denoising results than the bilateral filtering when the edge information in the input images is affected by intense noise. Moreover, during the denoising process feedback function ensures that the edges are not over smoothed. The proposed framework is applied to denoise both color and range images, which shows it works effectively on a wide variety of images unlike the evaluated state-of-the-art denoising methods.     

Adaptive Denoising Using a Modified Sparse Coding Shrinkage Method

This paper proposes a novel denoising method for natural images by using a modified sparse coding (SC) algorithm, which is self-adaptive to the statistical property of natural images. The main idea is to utilize the shrinkage function, which is selected according to the prior distribution of sparse components, to the sparse components to remove Gaussian white noise added in an image. This denoising method is respectively evaluated by the criteria of normalized mean squared error (NMSE), Laplace mean square error (LMSE) and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). Compared with other denoising methods, the simulation results show that our sparse coding shrinkage technique is indeed effective and efficient.     

基于离群特征的γ辐射图像去噪方法

针对Co60辐射环境中γ光子穿透CMOS图像传感器时致使场景图像存在斑块噪声的问题,提出了一种基于离群特征的γ辐射图像去噪方法。首先在序列图像中逐点获取对应的像素序列,并将该像素序列进行光照归一化以消除图像帧之间光照差异影响;然后在光照归一化后像素序列中利用噪声像素值的离群特性判断当前像素点是否为噪点;最后利用序列中各点的一、二阶离群特征筛选有效像素序列,并将其均值进行逆光照归一化以作为噪点修复的像素值。所提方法与多种典型去噪方法分别在高剂量率区和低剂量率区的真实γ辐射图像上进行了对比实验,该方法均取得了最佳去噪效果。     

Real-time virtual environment signal extraction and denoising using programmable graphics hardware

The sense of being within a three-dimensional (3D) space and interacting with virtual 3D objects in a computer-generated virtual environment (VE) often requires essential image, vision and sensor signal processing techniques such as differentiating and denoising. This paper describes novel implementations of the Gaussian filtering for characteristic signal extraction and wavelet-based image denoising algorithms that run on the graphics processing unit (GPU). While significant acceleration over standard CPU implementations is obtained through exploiting data parallelism provided by the modern programmable graphics hardware, the CPU can be freed up to run other computations more efficiently such as artificial intelligence (AI) and physics. The proposed GPU-based Gaussian filtering can extract surface information from a real object and provide its material features for rendering and illumination. The wavelet-based signal denoising for large size digital images realized in this project provided better realism for VE visualization without sacrificing real-time and interactive performances of an application.