一种激励相容的P2P信誉模型

针对现有的信任模型不能很好地处理P2P网络环境中恶意节点提供虚假服务的欺作行为,及不积极提供诚实推荐的问题,提出了一种激励相容的P2P信誉模型(简称ICRM)。该模型使用时间区间的概念来标示经验和推荐的时间特性,利用直接信任度、推荐信任度及推荐可信度等机制来精确描述节点的实际信任等级,并引入参与层次来度量节点提供推荐的积极程度,从而有效地识别与抑制不同类型的恶意节点,激励节点积极提供诚实推荐。仿真实验表明,ICRM能够有效地抑制恶意节点的欺作行为及不诚实反馈行为,并能有效解决节点推荐积极性不高的问题。     

一种基于概率统计方法的P2P系统信任评价模型

现有的P2P系统信任评价模型正面临着两种恶意节点的攻击行为--策略性欺骗和不诚实推荐,严重影响了模型计算节点信任评价的准确性和有效性.针对现有模型存在的不足,提出了一种基于概率统计方法的信任评价模型.该模型借鉴人类社会中主观信任关系的概念,依据直接经验和反馈信息,利用概率统计方法分别计算节点的直接信任和推荐信任,并通过区分直接经验的重要程度,区分反馈信息及其推荐者的可信度,提高信任评价模型的有效性.仿真实验分析说明,与已有的信任评价模型相比,该模型能够更有效地抑制策略性欺骗和不诚实推荐的威胁,特别是复杂的协同作弊方式对系统的攻击.     

P2P中一种改进的可信模型

对基于贝叶斯网络的可信模型中的资源搜索算法和可信度计算方法进行重新设计,本文提出一种改进的P2P可信模型。改进后的资源搜索算法使节点接收到的冗余包数量减少 ,并提高了系统的可靠性。在此基础上,针对P2P网络的匿名性,提出了一种新的运用服务次数和对评价值取对数方式进行可信度计算和更新的方法。此方法可以有效地阻止 恶意节点对正常节点和可信节点的攻击,同时还可防止恶意节点间通过小集团合作方式来提高各自节点的可信度。实验结果表明,本模型较现有模型在抑制P2P网络中恶意节点的活动方面具有更好的效果,且增加了系统服务可靠性．     

P2P网络中基于评价相似度的信任模型研究

由于P2P网络的开放性、匿名性等特点,节点间的信任关系很难通过传统的信任机制来建立,为了解决该问题,对已有研究进行了详细分析,并提出了一种基于评价相似度的P2P网络信任模型。该模型引入了时间衰减函数和事务影响因子,提高了信任度计算的准确性,引入了评价相似度的概念,用于量化和评价推荐的可信程度。分析及仿真实验结果表明,该模型可以有效地识别恶意节点,提高P2P网络的服务质量。     

一种基于差评散布的P2P网络信任机制

面对各种网络攻击,P2P网络需要有效的信任机制隔离恶意节点,保证节点的成功交易。考虑节点行为特征和差评的重要性,提出基于差评散布的信任机制。服务节点一旦提供的服务被给出差评,对其近期交易的相关节点进行差评的散布,加大差评对服务节点声誉的影响力度。经过二次计算的节点声誉值能真实反映节点近期的声誉水平与交易趋势。实验结果表明,该信任机制能保证正常节点的交易成功率,有效对抗各种攻击行为。     

Multifactor hierarchical fuzzy trust evaluation on peer-to-peer networks

Decentralized Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks offer not only opportunities but also threats. Due to the autonomy, self-interest and heterogeneousness of peers, the interaction outcomes are uncertain. One way to minimize the threats in such an open environment is exploiting the reputation method to evaluate the trustworthiness and predict the future behaviors of peers. While most of the existing reputation-based trust models focus on preventing network from the malicious peers, peers’ capabilities to fulfill the tasks are mostly ignored. In this paper, we present a novel trust model MHFTrust which quantifies and compares the trustworthiness of peers based on hierarchical fuzzy system. Six capability factors are identified to describe the peers’ trust on the capability, and one security factor, named “Malicious behavior” is used to evaluate the peers’ trust on security. Our trust model consisted of local-trust computation based on fuzzy techniques and global reputation aggregation, which integrates feedback from other peers to produce a global reputation for each peer. Credibility and weight of feedback are introduced to facilitate the computation of global reputation. It is shown in simulation that our trust model greatly improves the efficiency of P2P system, while the number of inauthentic files on the network is significantly decreased.     

P2P网络中基于权重因素的信任模型

针对P2P网络内部的安全问题,提出了一种P2P网络基于直接交易信任和推荐信任的模型,运用了直接交易信息参数、推荐信息的评价可信度和动态平衡权值参数,较简单准确地描述了节点的综合信任值,在进行交易前与目标节点建立信任关系,能有效抑制恶意节点对网络中其他节点的恶意交易行为和评价欺骗,提高网络交易的安全性。     

Peer profile based trust model for P2P systems using genetic algorithm

The open and anonymous nature of P2P allows peers to easily share their data and other resources among multiple peers, but the absence of a defensible border raise serious security concerns for the users. There is a lack of accountability for the content that is shared by peers and it is hard to distinguish malicious users from honest peers. Establishing Trust relationship between peers can serve as the metric to determine the veracity of the shared content and reliability of the peers. Most of the research work in this area is on Reputation based trust management where trust is determined on the basis of recommendation of other peers. Such recommendations are subjective and can be biased. A number of peers can also collude to provide false testimony for malicious peers. This paper proposes a novel Trust model that combines peer profiling with anomaly detection technique. Each peer can establish trust based on its own prior activities with other peers by comparing the current activity of a peer with its historical data and Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been employed to detect the anomalous behavior. Peer profile is updated dynamically with every transaction using GA operator’s crossover and mutation. This model has been tested using a file sharing application against common attacks and the results obtained are compared with statistical anomaly detection approach.     

人类心理认知习惯与云模型相结合的P2P信任模型

为了解决P2P网络信任模型的计算复杂度以及信任的不确定问题,提出了一种适合于P2P网络的信任模型。该模型借鉴人类心理认知习惯中优先采纳直接经验进行判断的思想来评估节点信任度,进而降低模型的计算复杂度,同时减少获取虚假推荐信息的风险。在此基础上,应用传统云模型中表征不确定性的两个参数——熵和超熵,引入奖励因子和惩罚因子分别对善意节点实施奖励和对恶意节点实施惩罚。仿真实验表明,该模型能很好地抵御网络中策略型恶意节点的欺骗行为,有效辨识出以小概率作恶的复杂恶意节点。     

Behavior-based reputation management in P2P file-sharing networks

Trust research has become a key issue in the last few years as a novel and valid solution to ensure the security and application in peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing networks. The accurate measure of trust and reputation is a hard problem, most of the existing trust mechanisms adopt the historical behavior feedback to compute trust and reputation. Thus exploring the appropriate transaction behavior becomes a fundamental challenge. In P2P system, each peer plays two roles: server and client with responsibility for providing resource service and trust recommending respectively. Considering the resource service behavior and trust recommending behavior of each peer, in this paper, we propose a new trust model adopting the technology to calculate eigenvectors of trust rating and recommending matrices. In our model, we define recommended reputation value to evaluate the resource service behavior, and recommending reputation value to evaluate the trust recommendation behavior. Our algorithm would make these two reputation values established an interrelated relation of reinforcing mutually. The normal peers provide authentic file uploading services, as well as give correct trust recommendation, so they can form a trusted and cooperative transaction community via the mutual reinforcement of recommended and recommending reputation values. In this way, the transaction behaviors of those malicious peers are isolated and confined effectively. Extensive experimental results also confirm the efficiency of our trust model against the threats of exaggeration, collusion, disguise, sybil and single-behavior.     

基于信任向量的P2P信任机制

针对现有P2P信任机制不能有效地检测和惩罚短期内反复建立信任然后进行恶意攻击的摇摆节点,本文提出了基于信任向量和时间窗口的信任机制,用信任向量记录节点的交易信息,用时间窗口收集最近一段时间内交易的记录,提高了信任评估的准确性和动态性。仿真实验表明,与已有的信任机制相比,该机制能够有效处理动态恶意节点行为。     

一种基于群组的P2P网络信任管理模型*

针对 P2P 网络中存在的多种恶意行为,提出一种基于群组的信任管理模型。该模型采用分组策略,引入直接信任度、组内信任度、组间信任度及多种控制因子来计算节点总体信任度,提高了信任机制的可靠性。仿真实验表明,该模型能够有效抑制多种恶意行为,提高系统成功交易率,使节点之间更有效地建立信任关系。     

基于信任迭代的P2P网络信任管理模型

多数P2P网络信任管理模型无法准确计算节点间的推荐信任值,且节点交易过程中不能有效防止恶意推荐.为此,提出一种基于信任迭代的信任管理模型,通过引入信任迭代、推荐可信度和迭代信任值的概念,根据节点间的直接交易经验计算节点间的推荐信任值,将推荐链划分为主链和副链,从而更全面地参考推荐信息,减小因推荐链的取舍对推荐信任值造成的影响,并给出一种新的推荐信任值迭代计算方法,使计算结果更合理.仿真实验结果表明,该模型能够准确地计算推荐信任值,抑制恶意推荐行为.     

一种基于模糊理论的P2P电子商务信任模型

为了提高P2P电子商务交易的安全性,根据P2P电子商务的特征,提出一种基于模糊理论的信任模型。将信任化分为直接信任和推荐信任。用模糊集来刻画直接信任值,对影响信任主体的多种因素给出了详细的模糊综合评判算法。利用交易金额和交易时间来确定推荐信任的权值。实验表明该信任模型与基于概率估计的信誉评价体系算法相比,该算法误差较小,能有效防止节点的恶意行为,可以很好地应用于P2P电子商务中。     

An incentive compatible reputation mechanism for P2P systems

In peer-to-peer (P2P) systems, peers often must interact with unknown or unfamiliar peers without the benefit of trusted third parties or authorities to mediate the interactions. Trust management through reputation mechanism to facilitate such interactions is recognized as an important element of P2P systems. It is, however, faced by the problems of how to stimulate reputation information sharing and honest recommendation elicitation. This paper presents an incentive compatible reputation mechanism for P2P systems. It has two unique features: (1) a recommender’s trustworthiness and level of confidence about the recommendation is considered for a more accurate calculation of reputations and fair evaluation of recommendations. (2) Incentive for participation and honest recommendation is implemented through a fair differential service mechanism. It relies on peer’s level of participation and on the recommendation credibility. Theoretic analysis and simulation show that the reputation mechanism we propose can help peers effectively detect dishonest recommendations in a variety of scenarios where more complex malicious strategies are introduced. Moreover, it can also stimulate peers to send sufficiently honest recommendations. The latter is realized by ensuring that active and honest recommenders, compared to inactive or dishonest ones, can elicit the most honest (helpful) recommendations and thus suffer the least number of wrong trust decisions.     

一种细粒度的基于灰色关联度的P2P信任模型①

已有的P2P网络信任模型过于粗糙,对反馈评价进行综合的能力不足。针对这一问题,提出了一种细粒度的基于灰色关联度的P2P信任模型GM—TRUST,根据节点的兴趣和专长将节点化分为不同的域,通过对具体服务各属性评价的综合得出直接信任。引入记忆因子来刻画信任随时间衰减的特性,并利用基于灰色相关度的方法来量化推荐信任的准确度。分析与实验均表明本模型与以往的信任模型相比,能够更准确地评估出节点的信任值,对动态恶意节点和不诚实反馈节点的攻击具有很好的抑制能力。     

基于时间序列的P2P网络综合信任模型研究

P2P网络具有动态性,自组织和匿名性等特点,从而导致网络中某些节点存在恶意行为,为了保证节点能提供可靠资源和良好服务,提出一种基于时间序列的P2P综合信任模型,使对等节点之间建立信任关系。该模型在计算直接信任度和间接信任度时引入时间衰减函数,近期的信任值衰减小,对整体信任度的影响大。通过反馈控制机制动态更新簇内节点和簇头节点的信任度,使整体信任值具有时效性,对节点信任度的评价更精确和更可靠。实验证明,该信任模型较DyTrust模型降低了节点之间的交互时延,稳定性和动态自适应性更好,检测恶意节点的能力更强,提高P2P网络的可信度,对P2P网络的安全提供有力保障。     

Evaluating transaction trust and risk levels in peer-to-peer e-commerce environments

Trust evaluation is critical to peer-to-peer (P2P) e-commerce environments. Traditionally the evaluation process is based on other peers' recommendations neglecting transaction amounts. This may lead to the bias in transaction trust evaluation and risk the new transaction. The weakness may be exploited by dishonest sellers to obtain good transaction reputation by selling cheap goods and then cheat buyers by selling expensive goods. In this paper we present a novel model for transaction trust evaluation, which differentiates transaction amounts when computing trust values. The trust evaluation is dependent on transaction history, the amounts of old transactions, and the amount of the new transaction. Therefore, the trust value can be taken as the risk indication of the forthcoming transaction and is valuable for the decision-making of buyers.     

P2P系统中面向异构平台的信任模型

针对P2P系统中可信计算平台与传统的非可信计算平台所组成的异构系统间跨平台信任建立的问题,基于可信计算技术,提出一种全新的信任模型,对其架构和认证流程进行研究。仿真结果表明,系统中节点具有较高的匿名度,同时该模型具有良好的抵抗恶意节点行为的能力。     

一种基于D-S证据理论的P2P信任模型

基于D-S证据理论的信任模型不能合成证据信息。为此,采用重新分配冲突概率与引入权重系数的策略,提出一种改进的D-S证据合成规则IDSECR,并将其用于P2P网络的信任建模,建立一种基于D-S证据理论的P2P信任模型,解决传统信任模型无法处理冲突程度高而引起的信任度计算不准确问题。仿真实验结果表明,在恶意节点攻击的情况下,该模型具有较高的交易成功率。