高性能非结构化四面体网格解耦并行生成算法

针对大规模科学计算领域非结构化网格生成问题,提出一种基于AFT-Delaunay方法的三维复杂域解耦并行四面体网格生成算法.该算法以待剖分三维域的闭合的表面三角形网格为输入,采用边界一致约束Delaunay剖分方法串行地生成较小规模的初始四面体网格;采用界面优先策略扩展三维AFT-Delaunay方法,以几何分界面为参考指引前沿推进方向,在分界面处生成一层由四面体单元构成的有厚度的"墙",递归、并行地将初始四面体网格分割成完全解耦的子区域;此时,各子区域均为不含内部节点的四面体网格,继续利用AFT-Delaunay方法解耦并行地生成各子区域内部四面体网格.算例结果表明,文中算法很好地解决了分界面处网格质量差的难题以及收敛性问题,具有较好的并行效率及几何适应性,可在PC平台全自动地完成108量级的非结构四面体网格生成.     

基于多线程加速的四面体网格优化

本文介绍了现有的四面体网格质量度量函数及网格优化方法,本文采用错误函数作为基于优化光顺算法的目标函数,对四面体网格进行光顺,算法运用多线程加速方式实现,并提出了一种预防死锁的方法。实验结果表明:采用多线程加速方式,在顶点数量较大时,具有明显优越性。     

一个高效可靠的三维AFT四面体网格生成算法

针对三维推进波前算法(AFT-Advancing Front Technique)存在的效率与收敛性问题,文中提出了一整套改进方案,给出了基于拓扑连接的网格数据结构和基于Hash表的网格元素的插入、查找、删除算法,提高了整个算法的效率.通过在网格生成过程中动态维护前沿的尺寸信息,提高四面体单元的整体质量.在内核回退求解时通过引入前沿优先因子,改变前沿推进的路径,大大增加了回退求解的成功概率;对于极少数不能回退求解的内核采用基于线性规划的插点方法加以解决,这样就基本保证了整个算法的收敛.在网格生成以后,通过删除不必要的内部节点、合并相关四面体单元以及对所有内部节点进行基于角度的优化,从而进一步有效提高了网格质量.数值算例表明,文中提出的改进算法具有接近线性的时间复杂度,生成网格质量好.该算法已经得到工程应用.     

医学体数据中基于局部特征尺寸的Delaunay四面体化算法*

为了从医学体数据构建面向虚拟手术仿真系统的器官实体模型,提出一种基于局部特征尺寸的Delaunay四面体化算法。首先采用Marching Cubes算法和外存模型简化技术从体数据中得到器官等值面简化模型,提出重心射线法去除内部冗余网格,获得器官多面体表面;然后基于局部特征尺寸构建表面顶点保护球,结合Delaunay细分算法生成边界一致的初始四面体网格;最后提出基于随机扰动的空间分解法快速生成内部节点,并逐点插入到四面体网格中优化单元质量。该算法克服了Delaunay细分算法无法处理锐角输入的缺点,并从理论     

三角网格模型的最小值边界分割

针对目前网格模型块分割算法综合效果不理想、人工干预多等问题,提出一种基于凹凸信号的最小值边界检测的三角网格模型分割算法.首先通过全局控制顶点的Laplace光顺操作对网格模型进行光顺去噪;然后通过标准化和归一化的凹度信息发现符合人眼视觉的最小值规则的凹特征点;最后结合区域中心线提取算法以及扇形探射线算法构造出闭合的分割线,并用三维主动轮廓模型方法进行优化,通过分割线将模型分割为有意义的分块.实例结果表明,该算法可以快速有效地分割模型,得到有意义的分割结果.     

主曲率均匀的网格光顺

针对三角网格数据提出了一种主曲率均匀的光顺方法 .该算法首先通过建立局部抛物二次曲面来估算网格顶点的主曲率和主方向 ,其次以邻点的主曲率和主方向的加权平均作为光顺后顶点的曲率值 ,然后由新曲率值和二次曲面方程计算出调整后的顶点位置 ,实现模型的光顺 .进行局部光顺时 ,将区域内的点组成各个封闭环 ,根据邻点所在环的层次分配权值 ,可以满足是否去除或保留内部区域特征的需要 .该文给出了应用实例 ,结果表明本方法对网格模型实施整体和局部光顺均有较好的效果 ,光顺前后模型体积变化较小 .     

非均匀B样条曲面顶点及法向插值

本文以非均匀Catmull-Clark细分模式下的轮廓删除法为基础,通过在细分网格中定义模板并调整细分网格的顶点位置,为非均匀B样条曲面顶点及法向插值给出了一个有效的方法．该细分网格由待插顶点形成的网格细分少数几次而获得．细分网格的顶点被分为模板内的顶点和自由顶点．各个模板内的顶点通过构造优化模型并求解进行调整,自由顶点用能量优化法确定．这一方法不仅避免了求解线性方程组得到控制顶点的过程,而且在调整顶点的同时也兼顾了曲面的光顺性．     

三维有限元网格尺寸场光滑化的优化模型和算法

针对单元尺寸值过渡剧烈会导致有限元网格包含低质量单元的问题,提出基于优化原理的单元尺寸场光滑化理论及对应的几何自适应四面体网格生成算法.首先输入CAD模型,生成一套覆盖模型内部的非结构背景网格;然后结合用户参数计算背景网格点上的曲率和邻近特征,以获得自适应CAD模型几何特征的初始单元尺寸场;再以最小化初始单元尺寸场的改变为目标,以单元尺寸值过渡受控为约束,通过求解一类凸优化问题光滑初始尺寸场;最后以光滑后的尺寸场为输入,先后在CAD模型表面与内部生成曲面网格和实体网格.实验结果表明,文中算法仅需5个用户参数,即可在给定CAD模型内部全自动生成高质量的四面体网格.     

基于LEPP递变的四面体网格自适应剖分算法

为了更合理地进行四面体网格剖分,提出了一种根据待剖分对象形态不同进行网格密度自适应调整的四面体网格剖分方法。该方法首先采用BCC(body-centered cubic)网格初始化网格空间,并根据表面曲率的大小以及距离物体表面的远近,采用LEPP(longest edge propagation path)算法由外至内对初始化后的网格空间进行不同尺度的细分;然后对横跨表面的网格进行调整,以形成对象的表面形态;最后采用以质量函数引导的拉普拉斯平滑与棱边收缩(edge collapse)的方法对网格的质量进行优化来最终得到待剖分对象的四面体网格。结果表明,该方法所生成的网格不仅具有自适应的网格密度,而且网格质量比常用的Advancing Front算法也有所提高。对于基于3维断层图像或表面模型进行有限元建模,该方法不失为一种行之有效的好方法。     

构造最优Delaunay三角剖分的拓扑优化方法

最优Delaunay三角剖分(ODT)是生成区域网格剖分的一种优化方法.从数值优化的角度来看,现有的ODT优化方法属于局部方法,对于任意给定初值容易陷入较差的局部极小值点,从而不能产生高质量网格.为此提出一种简单的拓扑优化方法,使得ODT方法能有效地从局部极小值点中跳出,进一步提高网格的质量.该方法只涉及到局部的边翻转操作,实现简单;而且具有显式的目标函数,能在理论上保证算法的收敛性.实验结果表明,文中算法运行速度快,不论是在拓扑连接关系还是在三角形的形状上都显著地提高了ODT方法生成的网格质量.     

An Efficient Optimization Procedure for Tetrahedral Meshes by Chaos Search Algorithm

A simple and efficient local optimization-based procedure for node reposition-ing/smoothing of three-dimensional tetrahedral meshes is presented.The initial tetrahedral mesh is optimized with respect to a specified element shape measure by chaos search algorithm,which is very effective for the optimization problems with only a few design variables.Examples show that the presented smoothing procedure can provide favorable conditions for local transformation approach and the quality of mesh can be significantly improved by the combination of these two procedures with respect to a specified element shape measure.Meanwhile,several commonly used shape measures for tetrahedral element,which are considered to be equivalent in some weak sense over a long period of time,are briefly re-examined in this paper.Preliminary study indicates that using different measures to evaluate the change of element shape will probably lead to inconsistent result for both well shaped and poorly shaped elements.The proposed smoothing approach can be utilized as an appropriate and effective tool for evaluating element shape measures and their influence on mesh optimization process and optimal solution.     

Quality encoding for tetrahedral mesh optimization

We define quality differential coordinates (QDC) for per-vertex encoding of the quality of a tetrahedral mesh. QDC measures the deviation of a mesh vertex from a position which maximizes the combined quality of the set of tetrahedra incident at that vertex. Our formulation allows the incorporation of different choices of element quality metrics into QDC construction to penalize badly shaped and inverted tetrahedra. We develop an algorithm for tetrahedral mesh optimization through energy minimization driven by QDC. The variational problem is solved efficiently and robustly using gradient flow based on a stable semi-implicit integration scheme. To ensure quality boundary of the resulting tetrahedral mesh, we propose a harmonic-guided optimization scheme which leads to consistent handling of both the interior and boundary tetrahedra.     

A modified advancing layers mesh generation for thin three-dimensional objects with variable thickness

A method of generating modified advancing layers mesh is proposed. In this paper the mesh generation process of semi-unstructured prismatic/tetrahedral mesh is presented for relatively thin three-dimensional geometries with variable thickness, as in the case of injection molding analysis. Prismatic meshes are generated by offsetting initial surface triangular meshes. During the mesh generation process, mesh quality is efficiently improved with the use of a new node relocation method. Finally, tetrahedral meshes are automatically generated in the rest of the domain. The mesh generating capability of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated with the several practical test cases.     

Feature-preserving surface mesh smoothing via suboptimal Delaunay triangulation

A method of triangular surface mesh smoothing is presented to improve angle quality by extending the original optimal Delaunay triangulation (ODT) to surface meshes. The mesh quality is improved by solving a quadratic optimization problem that minimizes the approximated interpolation error between a parabolic function and its piecewise linear interpolation defined on the mesh. A suboptimal problem is derived to guarantee a unique, analytic solution that is significantly faster with little loss in accuracy as compared to the optimal one. In addition to the quality-improving capability, the proposed method has been adapted to remove noise while faithfully preserving sharp features such as edges and corners of a mesh. Numerous experiments are included to demonstrate the performance of the method.     

基于局部—全局方法的三角网格优化算法

在基于网格形变的图像缩放算法中,表示图像的网格质量对于这类算法的结果有着很大的影响。为了改善图像网格质量,提出一种基于局部—全局方法的平面三角网格优化算法。在局部阶段利用自定义的最相似规则,为网格中的每一个三角形单元求取与之最相似的正三角形,得到一组目标仿射变换函数;全局阶段采用尽可能刚性方法,利用最小二乘法求取一组满足最小变形能量函数的最优解,使得最终生成的网格由尽可能相似于正三角形的三角形构成。同时,在优化过程中加入约束控制,保护网格中的重要区域不发生改变。实验结果表明,优化后的网格质量得到了明显的改善,有助于图像缩放算法后续工作的进行。     

三维实体仿真建模的网格自动生成方法

有限元网格模型的生成与几何拓扑特征和力学特性有直接关系。建立网格模型时，为了更真实地反映原几何形体的特征，在小特征尺寸或曲率较大等局部区域网格应加密剖分；为提高有限元分析精度和效率，在待分析的开口、裂纹、几何突变、外载、约束等具有应力集中力学特性的局部区域，网格应加密剖分。为此，该文提出了基于几何特征和物理特性相结合的网格自动生成方法。该方法既能有效地描述几何形体，又能实现应力集中区域的网格局部加密及粗细网格的均匀过渡。实例表明本方法实用性强、效果良好。     

Adaptive Multilevel Correction Method for Finite Element Approximations of Elliptic Optimal Control Problems

In this paper we propose an adaptive multilevel correction scheme to solve optimal control problems discretized with finite element method. Different from the classical adaptive finite element method (AFEM for short) applied to optimal control which requires the solution of the optimization problem on new finite element space after each mesh refinement, with our approach we only need to solve two linear boundary value problems on current refined mesh and an optimization problem on a very low dimensional space. The linear boundary value problems can be solved with well-established multigrid method designed for elliptic equation and the optimization problems are of small scale corresponding to the space built with the coarsest space plus two enriched bases. Our approach can achieve the similar accuracy with standard AFEM but greatly reduces the computational cost. Numerical experiments demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed algorithm.