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1.
On the Complexity of Adjacent Resource Scheduling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We study the problem of scheduling resource(s) for jobs in an adjacent manner (ARS). The problem relates to fixed-interval
scheduling on one hand, and to the problem of two-dimensional strip packing on the other. Further, there is a close relation
with multiprocessor scheduling. A distinguishing characteristic is the constraint of resource-adjacency.
As an application of ARS, we consider an airport where passengers check in for their flight, joining lines before one or more
desks, at the desk the luggage is checked and so forth. To smoothen these operations the airport maintains a clear order in
the waiting lines: a number n(f) of adjacent desks is to be assigned exclusively during a fixed time-interval I(f) to flight f. For each flight in a given planning horizon of discrete time periods, one seeks a feasible assignment to adjacent desks
and the objective is to minimize the total number of involved desks.
The paper explores two problem variants and relates them to other scheduling problems. The basic, rectangular version of ARS
is a special case of multiprocessor scheduling. The other problem is more general and it does not fit into any existing scheduling
model.
After presenting an integer linear program for ARS, we discuss the complexity of both problems, as well as of special cases.
The decision version of the rectangular problem remains strongly NP-complete. The complexity of the other problem is already
strongly NP-complete for two time periods. The paper also determines a number of cases that are solvable in polynomial time. 相似文献
2.
由于受到系统资源和实时性的限制,对于嵌入式实时系统的安全扩展很难延用通用计算机系统的安全设计方法,因此需要对其进行专门的研究。为了在确保实时性的前提下使嵌入式实时系统的安全性达到最优,本文提出了一套完整的安全设计方法,包括安全任务图模型和安全评估模型,在此基础上,又提出了一种基于整数线性规划的安全策略优化生成方法ILPOS。该安全策略优化生成方法同时解决了安全算法选择和实时可调度性检测两方面的问题,克服了一般分阶段优化方法的不足,从而充分地利用系统可用时间来实现安全扩展。仿真实验结果表明,与传统的启发式安全设计算法相比,ILPOS方法在各种实时性约束条件下都能有效地提高系统的安全性。 相似文献
3.
We study the scheduling situation where n tasks, subjected to release dates and due dates, have to be scheduled on m parallel processors. We show that, when tasks have unit processing times and either require 1 or m processors simultaneously, the minimum maximal tardiness can be computed in polynomial time. Two algorithms are described. The first one is based on a linear programming formulation of the problem while the second one is a combinatorial algorithm. The complexity status of this tall/small task scheduling problem P|r
i
,p
i
=1, size
i
{1,m}|T
max was unknown before, even for two processors. 相似文献
4.
随着行业应用的飞速扩张,数据中心以及云等日益成为主流服务平台.高性能的片上多核系统也随之成为重要的可分配资源之一.然而,在对多用户提供服务(并发执行、并置执行)时,其所固有的共享资源会引发严重的并发性能下降.在此背景下,多核系统的性能以及资源利用率问题成为研究热点.软件调度策略作为一种性价比较高的调节手段对于缓解资源冲突一直行之有效,然而,硬件技术的变迁对其调节的效力将产生一定影响.首先从片上多核结构关键技术入手,对共享资源的变化进行了详细阐述,在此基础上,对当前主流应用领域中两种不同类型的软件调度策略进行介绍和分析.在总结现有策略的局限性以及面临的新挑战的同时,对未来的研究趋势作了展望. 相似文献
5.
两种不同前提下的多电压调度对比 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
高层次综合中的多电压调度问题一般基于2个不同的前提:功能单元电压的静态配置和动态配置.这2个前提对操作的调度和电压分配有不同的影响,导致最终能工作在低电压的操作个数不同.对于这2个多电压调度问题分别提出了整数线性规划描述,并结合线性松弛的方法对这2种情况下工作在低电压的最大操作个数进行了测试和对比.最后,基于实验数据分析总结了两者的比值随时间约束和资源约束的变化情况. 相似文献
6.
讨论了软件实现了多线程DSM 的通信开销和线程分配问题,给出了一种基于线程关系图的调度模型,并在此基础上提出了一种基于迭代的线程分配算法,通过大量的线程关系图对算法进行了评价,并且在一个软件DSM系统中实现了该算法,同时给出了算法的评价结果和应用程序的性能数据。 相似文献
7.
汽车系统的功能多样性和智能化发展,引起车内ECU数量的大量增加,给汽车成本的降低带来巨大压力。ECU节点通过TTP总线构成了以周期性任务触发、基于TDMA技术的消息分发、基于抢占的FPS调度等为特点的分布式体系结构。实时性和资源利用率是上述体系结构需要考虑的两个关键问题,特别是随着汽车系统复杂性的快速增长,对解决上述问题提出了严峻的挑战。本文提出一种利用GP进行周期分配和总线访问配置,并结合FPS进行实时调度分析,在保证系统时限的前提下,最小化系统资源利用率的方法,以减缓ECU数量的增加,降低系统成本。在具备工业实用价值的任务集基础之上进行的仿真实验结果表明了该方法的有效性和可扩展性。 相似文献
8.
In this paper we make a comparative study of several mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulations for resource-constrained project scheduling problems (RCPSPs). 相似文献
9.
10.
Crane is widely used to move a heavy object from one place to another not only in manufacturing industry but also service industry. As an important resource in the train oilcan repairing, crane scheduling affects directly the productivity of the systems. In this paper, we study cyclic single crane scheduling problem with two parallel train oilcan repairing lines, where jobs are loaded into the line at one end and unloaded at the other end. The processing time at each workstation must be within a given range. There is no buffer between these stations. A crane is used to move jobs between the workstations in two parallel lines. The objective is to schedule the moves to minimize the production cycle. We proposed a time way diagram for two parallel lines and developed a mixed integer linear programming model. Then we extended the model to the scheduling problem with multi-station to eliminate the bottleneck in lines. Examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model. 相似文献
11.
为了使云计算平台为大数据分析提供有效支持,提出一种大数据分析即服务(BDAaaS)的系统架构;首先,当用户向系统提交大数据分析应用(BDAA)时,通过接纳控制器评估任务的执行时间和成本并作出接纳决策;然后,通过服务等级协议(SLA)管理器根据任务的服务质量(QoS)需求制定SLA;最后,利用提出的整数线性规划(ILP)资源调度模型,以最小化执行成本为目标,在满足SLA下合理调度资源来执行任务;仿真结果表明,提出的方案能够有效降低任务执行时间,具有有效性和可行性。 相似文献
12.
Sydney C.K. Chu 《International Transactions in Operational Research》1994,1(3):271-283
The background of this study is a rather classical but complex inventory control/production planning/line scheduling problem of a major soft-drink company in Hong Kong. The issue that stands out for this many-product high-sales manufacturer is the storage space of its central warehouse, which often finds itself in the state of overflow or near capacity with finished goods and work-in-process inventory. This phenomenon can create immediate interruptions of production, capital tie-ups and subsequent potential of lost sales. Another obviously important concern is the meeting of forecast demands. A mathematical modelling approach that entails techniques of multi-period aggregate optimization is proposed to tackle the overall problem. The dual objectives are to achieve better production planning and line scheduling in order to minimize inventory build-up and maximize demand satisfaction. Numerical results for a sample problem are reported as an illustration to this proposed two-phase approach. 相似文献
13.
任务调度是实现高性能网格计算的一个基本问题,然而,设计和实现高效的调度算法是非常具有挑战性的.讨论了在网格资源计算能力和网络通信速度异构的树型计算网格环境下,独立任务的调度问题.与实现最小化任务总的执行时间不同(该问题已被证明是NP难题),为该任务调度问题建立了整数线性规划模型,并从该线性规划模型中得到最优任务分配方案??各计算节点最优任务分配数.然后,基于最优任务分配方案,构造了两种动态的需求驱动的任务分配启发式算法:OPCHATA(optimization-based priority-computation heuristic algorithm for task allocation)和OPBHATA(optimization-basedpriority-bandwidth heuristic algorithm for task allocation).实验结果表明:在异构的树型计算网格环境下实现大量独立任务调度时,该算法的性能明显优于其他算法. 相似文献
14.
15.
Fernando Alarcón Guillermo Durán Mario Guajardo 《International Transactions in Operational Research》2014,21(3):415-438
This article uses integer linear programming to address the referee assignment problem in the First Division of the Chilean professional football league. The proposed approach considers balance in the number of matches each referee must officiate, the frequency of each referee being assigned to a given team, the distance each referee must travel over the course of a season, and the appropriate pairings of referee experience or skill category with the importance of the matches. Two methodologies are studied, one traditional and the other a pattern‐based formulation inspired by the home‐away patterns for scheduling season match calendars. Both methodologies are tested in real‐world and experimental instances, reporting results that improve significantly on the manual assignments. The pattern‐based formulation attains major reductions in execution times, solving real instances to optimality in just a few seconds, while the traditional one takes anywhere from several minutes to more than an hour. 相似文献
16.
Martin Riedler Thomas Jatschka Johannes Maschler Günther R. Raidl 《International Transactions in Operational Research》2020,27(1):573-613
We consider a resource‐constrained project scheduling problem originating in particle therapy for cancer treatment, in which the scheduling has to be done in high resolution. Traditional mixed integer linear programming techniques such as time‐indexed formulations or discrete‐event formulations are known to have severe limitations in such cases, that is, growing too fast or having weak linear programming relaxations. We suggest a relaxation based on partitioning time into so‐called time‐buckets. This relaxation is iteratively solved and serves as basis for deriving feasible solutions using heuristics. Based on these primal and dual solutions and bounds, the time‐buckets are successively refined. Combining these parts, we obtain an algorithm that provides good approximate solutions soon and eventually converges to an optimal solution. Diverse strategies for performing the time‐bucket refinement are investigated. The approach shows excellent performance in comparison to the traditional formulations and a metaheuristic. 相似文献
17.
在分簇VLIW DSP上,指令分簇是一项对程序性能有重要影响的编译优化,但现有的指令分簇算法只能处理顺序的程序区域,且难以获得最佳的分簇方案。针对这些问题,提出一种基于整数线性规划的统一指令分簇与指令调度的方法。该方法使用零一决策变量表示函数中指令的分簇、指令的局部调度以及簇间传输指令的全局调度,并将指令之间的依赖关系和对处理器资源的竞争关系构造为线性约束,最终得到一个以最小化函数的估计执行时间为目标的整数线性规划模型。实验结果表明,求解该模型得到的分簇调度方案对程序性能的优化显著强于现有算法,并且求解模型所耗费的时间是可接受的。 相似文献
18.
实时多处理器系统的动态调度算法一直是实时系统研究中的重要课题,而评价实时调度算法性能的一个最重要的指标是调度成功率.在近视算法的基础上提出了一种新的实时多处理器系统的动态调度算法--节约算法.在该算法中,提出了一个新的处理器选择策略,从而提高了算法的调度成功率.同时,为了研究节约算法的有效性,对其进行了大量的模拟,分析了一些任务参数的变化对算法调度成功率的影响,并与近视算法的调度成功率进行了比较.模拟结果显示,节约算法的调度成功率要优于近视算法. 相似文献
19.
实时多处理机系统BEST-FIT启发式容错调度 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文从有效利用资源的角度出发,提出了一种以最小化处理机数目为优化目标的Best-Fit启发式容错调度算法。该算法采用主/副版本备份技术和副版本的主动运行方式与被运行方式相结合的方法,将实时任务的主版本和副版本调度到不同处理机上运行;并且按照Best-Fit启发式策略为实时任务主版本寻找“最佳满足”处理机,使尽可能多的实时任务副版本以被动方式运行。算法既保证了系统的实时性和容错性,也节约了处理机。分析和仿真结果均证明了算法的有效性。 相似文献
20.
Feras Al‐Hawari Mahmoud Al‐Ashi Fares Abawi Sahel Alouneh 《International Transactions in Operational Research》2020,27(2):924-944
A practical mathematical programming based approach is introduced for solving the examination timetabling problem at the German Jordanian University (GJU), whereby the complex process of acquiring a feasible examination timetable is simplified by subdividing it into three smaller sub‐problems (phases). Accordingly, the exams are initially allocated to time slots in phase one, the time slots are then allotted to days in phase two, and finally in phase three the exams are assigned to rooms based on the number of students taking each exam and capacities of the rooms. The solution for each phase is acquired based on an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation, while satisfying a set of hard constraints that ensure comfortable exam timetables for all students and meet the desired requirements set by GJU administrative staff. Furthermore, the solver can be controlled and launched from a student information system named MyGJU Admin, which enabled registrars at the university to easily, quickly, and accurately generate final exam timetables in several standard formats. Moreover, the approach was validated based on recent GJU registration information as well as real‐world benchmark data. 相似文献