DTN中基于节点相遇规律的自适应散发等待路由

在容滞网络中,针对散发等待BSW(Binary Spray and Wait)路由协议在转发报文时具有一定的盲目性。提出将每个节点维护的路由信息由一维拓展到二维,并在该基础上研究节点的相遇规律,动态地调整报文转发策略,从而解决当前节点与信宿节点相遇概率较低的问题。实验结果表明,该算法与散发等待路由相比,在降低平均延迟的基础上,能有效改善报文的递交率。     

DTN中基于二分散发和等待路由的自适应拥塞控制策略

针对二分散发和等待路由中报文被转发的特点,提出节点首先通过应答交换机制丢弃已被递交到信宿节点的报文,来减少网络中冗余报文的传输;当节点缓存完全占用又需存储新报文时,执行拥塞检测和拥塞避免操作,遍历缓存,找到缓存中拷贝数最小的报文将其丢弃（若此报文正在被传输则丢弃拷贝数次小的报文）直至有足够的缓存空间存储新接收到的报文。通过大量仿真实验及相关数据的分析与比较,说明该拥塞策略能显著提高递交率,减小开销,并对拥塞状况有更好的自适应能力。     

容滞网络中能量敏感的散发等待路由研究

如何更有效地利用节点有限的可用资源问题是容滞网络（DrN）研究的热点之一。为了解决容滞网络的散发等待路由的节能问题,提高网络的存活率,同时避免在转发报文时的随机性和盲目性,提出了能量敏感的散发等待（Energy Aware Spray and Wait,EASW）路由机制,利用节点剩余能量值来优化报文转发决策。仿真结果表明,与源端散发等待路由机制、二分法散发等待路由机制等相比,所提出的能量敏感的散发等待路由机制在平均投递率、平均时延等方面都有明显的改善。并且,EASW增大了网络的存活时间。     

容滞网络中能量敏感的散发等待路由研究

如何更有效地利用节点有限的可用资源问题是容滞网络(DTN)研究的热点之一.为了解决容滞网络的散发等待路由的节能问题,提高网络的存活率,同时避免在转发报文时的随机性和盲目性,提出了能量敏感的散发等待(Energy Aware Spray abd Wait,EASW)路由机制,利用节点剩余能量值来优化报文转发决策.仿真结果表明,与源端散发等待路由机制、二分法散发等待路由机制等相比,所提出的能量敏感的散发等待路由机制在平均投递率、平均时延等方面都有明显的改善.并且,EASW增大了网络的存活时间.     

基于蚁群算法的容迟网络概率路由算法

容迟网络的概率路由算法根据节点与信宿节点之间相遇的概率判断是否转发报文,但相遇概率不能真正准确地反映报文递交成功的概率.针对该问题,提出一种基于蚁群算法的概率路由算法,结合蚁群算法的基本原理改进信息素浓度的更新机制和报文转发机制.仿真结果表明,与传统的概率路由算法相比,改进后的概率路由算法报文递交率较高,开销率较小.     

基于链路生存时间预测的高动态飞行自组网组播路由协议

针对飞行自组网（FANETs）中因节点高速移动导致链路频繁断开的问题,提出一种具备链路生存时间预测与路由自主修复能力的高动态FANETs组播路由协议。根据相邻节点间距离的变化情况预测邻居节点间剩余链路生存时间,同时基于预测结果并结合路由跳数、剩余能量等因素对链路质量作出综合评价,选出最佳中继节点以提高路由的可靠性。此外,通过局部路由修复与全局路由刷新相结合的策略对所建立路由进行动态维护,缓解节点高速移动引起的链路频繁断开问题,提高数据递交率。实验结果表明,在不同场景下,该协议在数据递交率、网络吞吐量、路由开销等方面均优于经典组播路由协议ODMRP。     

一种考虑节点拥塞情况的DTN概率路由算法*

容迟网络是一种新型网络,其概率路由算法根据历史相遇频率对相遇概率进行计算与更新,通过相遇概率判断是否转发报文。当节点缓存受限时,在网络中采用概率路由算法使得节点很容易发生拥塞,对报文的传送产生影响。为了减小拥塞对概率路由算法的影响,提出了一种考虑节点拥塞情况的概率路由算法,将节点相遇的概率和节点拥塞的情况综合起来,得到一个报文的递交概率,降低了由于拥塞对网络性能的影响,提高了报文的递交率,减小了报文在缓存中排队等候的时间。仿真结果表明,与传统的概率路由算法相比,在改进后的概率路由算法中报文递交率显著提高,平均延迟也在降低。     

基于定向广播的AODV控制报文抑制研究

AODV路由协议是通过全向广播请求报文和定时广播Hello报文来建立Ad Hoc网络的路由,但在路由发现阶段需要广播发送大量的请求控制报文,导致了协议性能的下降。针对此问题,提出了一种新的基于定向广播的路由协议,该协议通过定向广播发送请求报文,并根据节点的移动性动态调整Hello报文的发送时间间隔来减少报文的发送。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该方法能有效地减少控制报文的数量,减少路由负载,也显著提高了端到端时延、平均投递率等性能参数。     

DTN中依据报文质量的拥塞控制策略

为了解决受限网络环境所带来的低的递交率的问题,DTN（Delay Tolerant Networks）通常采用多拷贝路由（multiple-copy routing）机制来实现报文的有效递交。但在实际情况下,网络中节点的缓存是受限的,当网络中的总报文数大于所有节点的缓存容量和时,网络就发生了拥塞。针对网络拥塞,通过计算节点缓存中的报文质量（Quality of Message）以确定报文丢弃的优先级,合理地丢弃报文控制拥塞。仿真结果显示与其他拥塞控制策略相比,该路由策略能得到更好的网络性能。     

容迟容断网络中基于模型的动态路由算法

通过对容迟容断网络中无拓扑信息路由算法进行分析,提出了基于模型的容迟容断网络动态路由算法.针对节点位置信息事先难以确定的特点,动态更新节点到访概率及相遇概率,并在此基础上自适应选择中继节点.对所提算法进行了仿真实现和性能分析.结果表明,基于模型的容迟容断网络动态路由算法不仅可以提高报文递交率并降低平均传输延时,而且可以避免产生大量冗余报文副本.     

A Buffer Scheduling Method Based on Message Priority in Delay Tolerant Networks

Routing protocols in delay tolerant networks usually utilize multiple message copies to guarantee the message delivery, in order to overcome unpredictable node mobility and easily-interrupted connections. A store-carry-and-forward paradigm was also proposed to further improve the message delivery. However, excessive message copies lead to the shortage of buffer and bandwidth. The spray and wait routing protocol has been proposed to reduce the network overload caused by the buffer and transmission of unrestricted message copies. However, when a node’s buffer is quite constrained, there still exist congestion problems. In this paper, we propose a message scheduling and drop strategy on spray and wait routing protocol (SDSRP). To improve the delivery ratio, first of all, SDSRP calculates the priority of each message by evaluating the impact of both replicating and dropping a message copy on delivery ratio. Subsequently, scheduling and drop decisions are made according to the priority. In order to further increase delivery ratio, we propose an improved message scheduling and drop strategy on spray and wait routing protocol (ISDSRP) through enhancing the accuracy of estimating parameters. Finally, we conduct extensive simulations based on synthetic and real traces in ONE. The results show that compared with other buffer management strategies, ISDSRP and SDSRP achieve higher delivery ratio, similar average hopcounts, and lower overhead ratio.     

TB-SnW: Trust-based Spray-and-Wait routing for delay-tolerant networks

Unlike the conventional routing techniques in Internet where routing privileges are given to trustworthy and fully authenticated nodes, delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) allow any node to participate in routing due to the lack of consistent infrastructure and central administration. This creates new security issues since even authorized nodes in DTNs could inject several malicious threats into the network. This paper investigates the problem of mitigating blackhole attacks in DTNs based on the Spray-and-Wait routing protocol. A new knowledge-based routing scheme, called Trust-Based Spray-and-Wait protocol (TB-SnW), is designed based on distributed trust management. Each node maintains the trust levels for encountered nodes based on the message exchange history, and uses the trust levels to smartly distribute message copies to bypass blackhole attackers. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared with Spray-and-Wait, TB-SnW can achieve higher message delivery rate with very low communication overhead in DTNs that suffer from blackhole attacks.     

机会网络中基于移动特征的效用转发协议*

针对非社区网络中的主流转发协议未考虑到节点移动的非完全随机性,提出一种基于移动特征的效用转发协议。每个节点关联两个移动特征——活跃度和相似度,依靠活跃节点带动消息的适当发散和递交,并通过相似度的判定和效用值的比较降低网络开销。仿真结果表明,该协议在保持相对平稳的端到端延时的情况下,可以提高消息递交率,降低网络资源消耗。     

机会社会网络中基于社区的消息传输算法

针对机会网络中的主流转发协议未考虑到节点移动社会性的问题,提出一种基于副本限制和人类社会特性的路由算法。该算法根据节点间的社会关系强度,动态自适应地将节点划分为不同的社区,通过限制消息副本数来减少网络中消息的冗余,并利用活跃性高的节点带动消息的转发和传递。仿真结果表明,该协议能够保证较高的消息传输成功率和相对较低的传输时延,降低网络的资源消耗。     

DTN中基于两跳ACK确认机制的备用副本转发算法

针对容迟容断网络(Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networks,DTN)在遇到路由空洞问题时缺乏有效回避路由空洞区域的方法,导致信息端到端传输时延较大的问题,提出一种基于两跳ACK确认机制的备用副本转发算法。消息在空洞区域无法传播时由上一跳节点寻找其他符合条件的节点,另辟路径转发消息,从而避开路由空洞区域。仿真实验结果表明,该算法在递交率、平均时延和网络开销方面表现优于Spray and Wait等对比算法,在车载自组网中具有很强的应用性。     

节点密度感知的容迟网络路由协议*

为适应容迟网络的动态变化,提高路由性能,结合空间节点分布和节点度中心性,提出一种节点密度感知的容迟网络路由协议DAR。该协议引入移动模型的节点分布,通过感知节点当前所处位置的节点密度,动态选择在网络中传播的消息副本数量,并根据节点的度中心性选择中继和分配消息副本数量。仿真结果表明,DAR能够提高传输率、降低传输延迟,在一定程度上降低了资源消耗。     

Reasonable routing in delay/disruption tolerant networks

Delay/disruption tolerant networking (DTN) is an approach to networking where intermittent connectivity exists: it is often afforded by a store and forward technique. Depending on the capability of intermediary nodes to carry and forward messages, messages can be eventually delivered to their destination by mobile nodes with an appropriate routing protocol. To have achieved a successful delivery, most DTN routing protocols use message duplication methods. Although messages are rapidly transferred to the destination, the redundancy in the number of message copies increases rapidly. This paper presents a new routing scheme based on a stochastic process for epidemic routing. Message redundancy is efficiently reduced and the number of message copies is controlled reasonably. During the contact process of nodes in the network, the number of message copies changes, and according to the variability in the number of copies, we construct a special Markov chain, birth and death process, on the number of message copies then calculate and obtain a stationary distribution of the birth and death process. Comparing the theoretical model with the simulation we have performed we see similar results. Our method improves on time-to-live (TTL) and antipacket methods, in both redundancy and delivery success efficiency.     

A gradient based routing scheme for street lighting wireless sensor networks

Routing for wireless sensor networks based on gradient is a simple, reliable solution resulting in low information costs for the network package, as well as for the node itself. It is used for convergent traffic, where sensor nodes send messages to the sink node. Due to message transmission failures inherent to wireless sensor networks, researches in this area agree that point-to-point message confirmation in these networks is essential. This work proposes solutions for gradient-based routing using a confirmation mechanism for different neighbors, where four protocol variations are evaluated for sensor networks applications in order to monitor and control electrical variables. Results demonstrate that the protocol based on the longest distance has a satisfactory package delivery rate in severe conditions specified to the application. Furthermore, results show in which situations each routing protocol variation better suits the target application.     

基于历史相遇间隔的机会网络路由协议

针对大多数机会网络路由协议在寻找端到端通信链路时不能很好地抓住节点社会性质的问题,提出一种基于历史相遇间隔(HICR) 协议的路由算法。HICR协议利用社会关系的特点,根据节点之间的历史相遇间隔判断它们的亲密程度,转发消息给离目的节点更亲近的节点,使得消息朝更靠近目的节点方向发送。仿真结果表明,该HICR协议在网络资源有限的的情况下,与Epidemic协议和Prophet协议相比,能获得更高的消息交付率。