基于无线传感网络的停车场管理系统

This paper introduces a parking management system based on a wireless sensor network developed by our group. The system consists of a large amount of parking space monitoring nodes, a few parking guiding nodes, a sink node and a management station. All the nodes exchange information with each other through wireless communication. The prototype of the parking management system has been implemented and the preliminary test results show that the performance of the system can satisfy the requirements of the application.     

一种输出功率分级的无线传感网络数据收集机制

The data gathering manner of wireless sensor networks, in which data is forwarded towards the sink node, would cause the nodes near the sink node to transmit more data than those far from it. Most data gathering mechanisms now do not do well in balancing the energy consumption among nodes with different distances to the sink, thus they can hardly avoid the problem that nodes near the sink consume energy more quickly, which may cause the network rupture from the sink node. This paper presents a data gathering mechanism called PODA, which grades the output power of nodes according to their distances from the sink node. PODA balances energy consumption by setting the nodes near the sink with lower output power and the nodes far from the sink with higher output power. Simulation results show that the PODA mechanism can achieve even energy consumption in the entire network, improve energy efficiency and prolong the network lifetime.     

有源传感网络中目标跟踪的传感器调度方法

Wireless sensor network (WSN) of active sensors suffers from serious inter-sensor interference (ISI) and imposes new design and implementation challenges. In this paper, based on the ultrasonic sensor network, two time-division based distributed sensor scheduling schemes are proposed to deal with ISI by scheduling sensors periodically and adaptively respectively. Extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used as the tracking algorithm in distributed manner. Simulation results show that the adaptive sensor scheduling scheme can achieve superior tracking accuracy with faster tracking convergence speed.     

无线传感网络中使用动态代理的节点收敛算法

This paper proposes fault tolerant algorithms for routing mobile agents in a single channel wireless sensor network which cover every node in the network. These algorithms use local knowledge (assume no knowledge of global deployment or topology, etc). We propose the algorithms and show mathematical analysis to support our claims. The paper ends with simulation studies and discussion of results.     

无线传感网络中的目标分类融合

In wireless sensor networks, target classification differs from that in centralized sensing systems because of the distributed detection, wireless communication and limited resources. We study the classification problem of moving vehicles in wireless sensor networks using acoustic signals emitted from vehicles. Three algorithms including wavelet decomposition, weighted k-nearest-neighbor andDempster-Shafer theory are combined in this paper. Finally, we use real world experimental data to validate the classification methods. The result shows that wavelet based feature extraction method can extract stable features from acoustic signals. By fusion with Dempster's rule, the classification performance is improved.     

距离交会算法在无线传感网络节点定位中的应用

Knowing the locations of nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSN) is essential for many applications. Nodes in a WSN can have multiple capabilities and exploiting one or more of the capabilities can help to solve the localization problem. In this paper, we assume that each node in a WSN has the capability of distance measurement and present a location computation technique called linear intersection for node localization. We also propose an applied localization model using linear intersection and do some concerned experiments to estimate the location computation algorithm.     

一个无线传感网络时间同步模拟器

Time synchronization is a critical middleware service of wireless sensor networks. Researchers have already proposed some time synchronization algorithms. However, due to the demands for various synchronization precision, existing time synchronization algorithms often need to be adapted. So it is necessary to evaluate these adapted algorithms before use. Software simulation is a valid and quick way to do it. In this paper, we present a time synchronization simulator, Simsync, for wireless sensor networks. We decompose the packet delay into 6 delay components and model them separately. The frequency of crystal oscillator is modeled as Gaussian. To testify its effectiveness, we simulate the reference broadcast synchronization algorithm (RBS) and the timing-sync synchronization algorithm (TPSN) on Simsync. Simulated results are also presented and analyzed.     

无线传感网络中安全密钥管理机制

Recent advancements in wireless communication and microchip techniques have accelerated the development of wireless sensor networks (WSN). Key management in WSN is a critical and challenging problem because of the inner characteristics of sensor networks: deployed in hostile environments, limited resource and ad hoc nature. This paper investigates the constraints and special requirements of key management in sensor network environment, and some basic evaluation metrics are introduced. The key pre-distribution scheme is thought as the most suitable solution for key management problem in wireless sensor networks. It can be classified into four classes: pure probabilistic key predistribution, polynomial-based, Blom′s matrix-based, and deterministic key predistribution schemes. In each class of methods, the related research papers are discussed based on the basic evaluation metrics. Finally, the possible research directions in key management are discussed.     

A comparative study on simulation vs. real time deployment in wireless sensor networks

Increasing deployment density and shrinking size of wireless sensor nodes requires small equipped battery size. This means emerging wireless sensor nodes must compete for efficient energy utilization. Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols play a vital role in energy consumption of sensor node as it controls the radio activities. Customized or open source simulators play an important role to measure the performance effectiveness of MAC protocols based on the fact that they are flexible, reduce experimental overhead and cost. Nevertheless, these benefits come at the cost of results accuracy. In this paper, we investigate differences of the behaviour of our agent based S-MAC protocols in real deployment compared to the results produced using our custom based simulator, which ignores the lower layers effects such as packet collision and overhearing. We use network simulator 2 (ns2), an open source simulator, which provides a complete protocol stack. We further try to find and explain the rationale of the variance of results produced by real deployment and that of simulators.     

一种TDMA无线传感器网络MAC协议能量有效性分析

经典轮询协议作为一种TDMA型MAC协议,符合无线传感器网络节约能量的要求,但在网络伸缩性上有所不足。在此基础上得出一种更适用于无线传感器网络的Controllable Threshold Polling MAC协议(CTP-MAC),使得网络能够自主完成时隙分配;结合概率母函数的方法,建立网络能量有效性的分析模型,得到平均功率的近似计算公式,对经典门限服务轮询协议和C\"I'P-MAC进行分析。通过仿真实验,验证了分析模型的有效性。     

DQ-MAC:一种基于区分服务的WSN信道访问机制

针对现有无线传感器网络MAC协议不能提供数据业务优先级区分的问题,在充分分析导MAC协议的基础上,提出了一种基于区分服务的MAC协议改进机制—DC}MAC(Diffserv-based Qo}aware MAC)。其基本思路是让高优先级数据有更多的侦听时间,使高优先级数据传输的机会是低优先级的两倍,达到了减少高优先级数据的传输时延的目的,从而确保了高优先级数据业务的传输性能。相关分析结果表明,该机制使高优先级数据业务拥有更高的吞吐量,并且降低了高优先级业务的平均服务时延。     

一种异步自适应无线传感器网络MAC协议

针对无线传感器网络低能耗、低延时的特点,提出一种异步自适应MAC协议:AA-MAC.该协议缩短了无线传感器网络MAC协议中异步唤醒方式的前导帧长度,同时采用自适应监听来减少数据发送延时.通过在NS2上的仿真模拟比较,发现AA-MAC相对于同类型的MAC协议有更好的节能效果和更短的延时,因此AA-MAC能更适合无线传感器网络的要求.     

无线网络数据帧新型传输策略及仿真

该文针对IEEE802．11无线Adhoe网络提出了一种新型的帧传输策略。IEEE802．11无线网络标准支持分布式协调功能(DCF),即带冲突避免的载波监听多点接入(CSMA／CA),在数据传输过程中使用“请求发送-确认发送-数据-接收确认(RTS-CTS-DATA-ACK)”模式。但是当数据帧长度较短时,很多带宽被浪费在信道竞争上,而且降低了信道传输成功率,减少了网络吞吐量。因此,根据每个帧携带的延时(Duration)值,调整站点的网络分配向量(NAV),以此来动态调整数据帧的长度,从而增大网络传输的成功率,提高网络的吞吐量,减小整个网络的传送时延。将这种数据单元长度动态调整的帧传输策略简记为DTUL。     

无线传感器网络媒质接入控制协议的研究进展

媒质接入控制（Medium Access Control）是无线传感器网络设计的关键问题之一。由于无线通信模块是传感器节点能量消耗的主要来源,而媒质接入控制协议则直接控制着节点无线通信模块的活动,因此MAC协议节能效率的好坏将严重影响网络的性能。本文首先介绍了MAC层能量消耗的主要来源,阐述了无线传感器网络中MAC协议的研究内容和设计目标,并讨论了影响MAC协议性能的若干参数指标,随后介绍了几类典型的MAC协议,最后对MAC协议的发展方向进行了总结和展望。     

An asynchronous MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks

The MAC protocol for wireless sensor network plays a very important role in the control of energy consumption. It is a very important issue to effectively utilize power under the condition of limited energy. The most energy-wasting part of the MAC protocol for wireless sensor network is at the idling condition. Therefore it is crucial for power saving to be able to turn off the signal transducer of the wireless network when the equipment is idling. Pattern-MAC (PMAC) allows sensors that did not transfer for a long period of time to quickly enter a dormant state, so that the problem of sensor overhearing can be greatly improved, and the whole network structure can fully respond to the actual transfer rate without too much energy consumption, but this type of design requires precise time synchronization mechanism. Achieving time synchronization is a very energy consuming and very expensive mechanism in the sensor network structure, achieving the goal is coupled with excess energy consumption and reduction of the lifespan of the sensor. Additionally, the exchange action with the neighboring pattern after each cycle, not only generates additional energy consumption for data transfer, but is also accompanied by factors such as competition, collision and pattern exchange failure. We propose an asynchronous MAC protocol (AMAC) in this paper and expect to improve the problem of energy wasting and time synchronization due to sleeping schedule exchange under the PMAC basic protocol.     

非打扰式无线传感器网络测试仪的设计与实现

无线传感器网络的测试工具对于传感器网络的深入研究和应用具有重要意义。提出了一种非打扰式的无线传感器网络测试方法,并介绍了基于该方法的无线传感器网络测试仪的设计思路和详细实现。该测试仪采用可编程逻辑阵列(FPGA)高速采集传感器节点的内部互连信息,并将采集的信息通过额外网络传输到测试服务器进行集中处理,还原节点状态信息和获取整个无线网络的通信情况,避免了对传感器网络节点运行和无线通信的影响。实验测试表明,该测试仪可以很好地获取节点状态,并在数据采集的过程中不干扰节点的正常工作。     

A wireless sensor networks MAC protocol for real-time applications

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are designed for data gathering and processing, with particular requirements: low hardware complexity, low energy consumption, special traffic pattern support, scalability, and in some cases, real-time operation. In this paper we present the virtual TDMA for sensors (VTS) MAC protocol, which intends to support the previous features, focusing particularly on real-time operation. VTS adaptively creates a TDMA arrangement with a number of timeslots equal to the actual number of nodes in range. Thus, VTS achieves an optimal throughput performance compared to TDMA protocols with fixed size of frame. The frame is set up and maintained by a distributed procedure, which allows sensors to asynchronously join and leave the frame. In addition, duty cycle is increased or decreased in order to keep latency constant below a given deadline. Therefore, a major advantage of VTS is that it guarantees a bounded latency, which allows soft real-time applications.

无线传感器网络MAC层节能广播协议

在无线传感器网络中,使节点休眠是一种有效的节能方式。很多较新的MAC协议都采用定期休眠的机制进行节能,如B-MAC、VPCC、X-MAC、A-MAC等。这些协议并未针对广播进行设计,使得发送广播需要消耗较多能量,而且易于发生隐藏节点引起的冲突。提出了适用于休眠传感器网络的节能广播协议。该方法中广播报文以随机间隔进行重传,能够保证异步休眠的节点接收到广播数据;在产生隐藏节点冲突问题时,随机间隔的机制能够使相互干扰的报文较快分离,降低报文冲突的干扰。通过NS-2模拟,验证了广播协议的节能性和高效性。