Interactive High-Quality Maximum Intensity Projection

Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) is a volume rendering technique which is used to visualize high-intensity structures within volumetric data. At each pixel the highest data value, which is encountered along a corresponding viewing ray is depicted. MIP is, for example, commonly used to extract vascular structures from medical data sets (angiography). Due to lack of depth information in MIP images, animation or interactive variation of viewing parameters is frequently used for investigation. Up to now no MIP algorithms exist which are of both interactive speed and high quality. In this paper we present a high-quality MIP algorithm (trilinear interpolation within cells), which is up to 50 times faster than brute-force MIP and at least 20 times faster than comparable optimized techniques. This speed-up is accomplished by using an alternative storage scheme for volume cells (sorted by value) and by removing cells which do not contribute to any MIP projection (regardless of the viewing direction) in a preprocessing step. Also, a fast maximum estimation within cells is used to further speed up the algorithm.     

Virtual Dunhuang Mural Restoration System in Collaborative Network Environment

This paper introduces a virtual Dunhuang mural restoration system in collaborative network environment. It describes the style of Dunhuang mural, analyzes the reasons of mural spoilage, and presents the necessity to develop a collaborative mural restoration GroupWare. It describes the components and the workflow of mural restoration in detail, solves some key technologies in the system. In the end, it introduces the system architecture, and presents the system interface and some restored results.     

Gradient Estimation in Volume Data using 4D Linear Regression

In this paper a new gradient estimation method is presented which is based on linear regression. Previous contextual shading techniques try to fit an approximate function to a set of surface points in the neighborhood of a given voxel. Therefore a system of linear equations has to be solved using the computationally expensive Gaussian elimination. In contrast, our method approximates the density function itself in a local neighborhood with a 3D regression hyperplane. This approach also leads to a system of linear equations but we will show that it can be solved with an efficient convolution. Our method provides at each voxel location the normal vector and the translation of the regression hyperplane which are considered as a gradient and a filtered density value respectively. Therefore this technique can be used for surface smoothing and gradient estimation at the same time.     

Image-Based Rendering Using Parameterized Image Varieties

This paper addresses the problem of characterizing the set of all images of a rigid set of m points and n lines observed by a weak perspective or paraperspective camera. By taking explicitly into account the Euclidean constraints associated with calibrated cameras, we show that the corresponding image space can be represented by a six-dimensional variety embedded in R^2(m+n) and parameterized by the image positions of three reference points. The coefficients defining this parameterized image variety (or PIV for short) can be estimated from a sample of images of a scene via linear and non-linear least squares. The PIV provides an integrated framework for using both point and line features to synthesize new images from a set of pre-recorded pictures (image-based rendering). The proposed technique does not perform any explicit three-dimensional scene reconstruction but it supports hidden-surface elimination, texture mapping and interactive image synthesis at frame rate on ordinary PCs. It has been implemented and extensively tested on real data sets.     

IBRAC技术在分布式虚拟仿真系统中的应用研究

基于图像的方法和基于模型的方法是生成虚拟场景的两种方法,但这两种方法在分布式虚拟场景的生成过程中各有优缺点。将两种方法的优点相结合,在分布式虚拟仿真系统中引进IBRAC技术,有三个优点：绘制速度快、网络带宽限制低、能够进行交互控制。该文结合分布式门式起重机虚拟仿真培训系统对IBRAC技术进行了研究。首先给出了该系统的总体结构,然后分析系统中用到的IBRAC技术重要算法,最后对IBRAC技术在系统中的应用前景进行了展望。     

基于图像的建模和绘制技术综述

对基于图像的建模和绘制(IBMR)技术进行综述性介绍，着重阐述IBMR研究的最新进展．文中扼要地回顾了一些基本的IBMR方法，并对这些方法的优点和局限性进行分析比较．最后我们简单介绍IBMR的一些最新研究趋势和可能的应用前景．     

基于图像的建模和绘制技术综述

对基于图像的建模和绘制（IBMR）技术进行综述性介绍,重点阐述了IBMR研究的最新进展,扼要地介绍和讨论了一些具有代表性的IBMR方法,并对各种方法进行分析比较;最后介绍IBMR的最新研究动态和某些应用前景。     

基于图形与图像的混合绘制技术

随着虚拟现实技术的发展,对基于图形与图像的混合绘制技术提出了越来越高的要求。基于图形与图像的混合绘制技术是虚拟现实、动态仿真、实时可视化、高品质动画等越来越多的图像、图形应用技术的实现基础。该文对各种基于图形与图像的混合绘制技术进行分类综述、研究和展望。     

Efficient Geometry Compression for GPU-based Decoding in Realtime Terrain Rendering

We present a geometry compression scheme for restricted quadtree meshes and use this scheme for the compression of adaptively triangulated digital elevation models (DEMs). A compression factor of 8–9 is achieved by employing a generalized strip representation of quadtree meshes to incrementally encode vertex positions. In combination with adaptive error-controlled triangulation, this allows us to significantly reduce bandwidth requirements in the rendering of large DEMs that have to be paged from disk. The compression scheme is specifically tailored for GPU-based decoding, since it minimizes dependent memory access operations. We can thus trade CPU operations and CPU–GPU data transfer for GPU processing, resulting in twice faster streaming of DEMs from main memory into GPU memory. A novel storage format for decoded DEMs on the GPU facilitates a sustained rendering throughput of about 300 million triangles per second. Due to these properties, the proposed scheme enables scalable rendering with respect to the display resolution independent of the data size. For a maximum screen-space error below 1 pixel it achieves frame rates of over 100 fps, even on high-resolution displays. We validate the efficiency of the proposed method by presenting experimental results on scanned elevation models of several hundred gigabytes.     

Compression Domain Volume Rendering for Distributed Environments

This paper describes a method for volume data compression and rendering which bases on wavelet splats. The underlying concept is especially designed for distributed and networked applications, where we assume a remote server to maintain large scale volume data sets, being inspected, browsed through and rendered interactively by a local client. Therefore, we encode the server’s volume data using a newly designed wavelet based volume compression method. A local client can render the volumes immediately from the compression domain by using wavelet footprints, a method proposed earlier. In addition, our setup features full progression, where the rendered image is refined progressively as data comes in. Furthermore, framerate constraints are considered by controlling the quality of the image both locally and globally depending on the current network bandwidth or computational capabilities of the client. As a very important aspect of our setup, the client does not need to provide storage for the volume data and can be implemented in terms of a network application. The underlying framework enables to exploit all advantageous properties of the wavelet transform and forms a basis for both sophisticated lossy compression and rendering. Although coming along with simple illumination and constant exponential decay, the rendering method is especially suited for fast interactive inspection of large data sets and can be supported easily by graphics hardware.     

基于集群机并行绘制的三角形条带压缩

提出一个适用于集群机并行绘制的三角形条带数据压缩框架--视点连贯性的分片条带压缩(VCPSC),有效地克服了传统几何数据压缩算法存在的问题.VCPSC包括3步核心算法:基于空间和法向连贯性分片方法;基于同心圆全局路径控制的三角形单条带化;ETSC三角形条带压缩算法.通过把每个压缩的三角形条带映射为一个支持随机存取的虚拟三角形,VCPSC实现了几何模型压缩域的基于视点的归属判断和分片随机存取.实验结果表明:VCPSC有效地改善了集群机绘制性能.     

分布式并行绘制系统中几何指令流压缩的研究与实现

对分布式并行绘制系统的几何指令进行压缩能缓解网格带宽瓶颈,对操作码作用LZW算法,对法向量使用球面对称网格剖分算法,对颜色和位置数据使用DPCM型预测编码算法,根据位置数据的特殊性,使用了4类预测器和自适应量化算法,对几何指令流组合使用多种压缩算法取得了良好的效果。在几何模型质量基本没有损失的情况下,指令平均长度压缩到原来的1/3左右,执行速度达到了400指令/ms。     

体绘制方法研究与实现

体绘制方法是当前研究的一个热点问题,它的应用遍及医学、地质学、物理学、和科学计算等诸多领域。但目前它仍处于发展阶段,有许多问题都有待于进一步的研究。该文对体绘制方法中的若干算法进行了研究与比较,实现的算法是基于开发平台windows SDK,用C语言和原始的API编写Windows程序,以提供最佳的性能、最强大的功能和最大的灵活性。     

体绘制方法研究与实现

体绘制方法是当前研究的一个热点问题,它的应用遍及医学、地质学、物理学、和科学计算等诸多领域。但目前它仍处于发展阶段,有许多问题都有待于进一步的研究。该文对体绘制方法中的若干算法进行了研究与比较,实现的算法是基于开发平台windows SDK,用C语言和原始的API编写Windows程序,以提供最佳的性能、最强大的功能和最大的灵活性。     

海量地形实时动态存储与绘制的GPU实现算法

为了降低实时更新和存储海量地形的形变数据对动态绘制速度的影响,提出一种基于整数小波变换与限制性四叉树相结合的GPU并行动态存储与绘制算法.首先设计面向CUDA并行且无损的基于块的整数小波变换算法和SPIHT压缩算法,提高地形压缩比以减小数据传输量,同时解决了海量地形动态数据存储的编解码的实时性问题,实现了局部动态地形数据的实时存储;然后将小波系数、限制性四叉树层次结构以及模板技术相结合,提出一种自适应三角化和绘制的并行处理算法.实验结果表明,对于海量地形数据,文中算法可以在实现后端及时保存局部形变数据的同时,前端可以保持较高的绘制帧率.     

Render2MPEG: A Perception-based Framework Towards Integrating Rendering and Video Compression

Currently 3D animation rendering and video compression are completely independent processes even if rendered frames are streamed on‐the‐fly within a client‐server platform. In such scenario, which may involve time‐varying transmission bandwidths and different display characteristics at the client side, dynamic adjustment of the rendering quality to such requirements can lead to a better use of server resources. In this work, we present a framework where the renderer and MPEG codec are coupled through a straightforward interface that provides precise motion vectors from the rendering side to the codec and perceptual error thresholds for each pixel in the opposite direction. The perceptual error thresholds take into account bandwidth‐dependent quantization errors resulting from the lossy com‐pression as well as image content‐dependent luminance and spatial contrast masking. The availability of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients at the codec side enables to use advanced models of the human visual system (HVS) in the perceptual error threshold derivation without incurring any significant cost. Those error thresholds are then used to control the rendering quality and make it well aligned with the compressed stream quality. In our prototype system we use the lightcuts technique developed by Walter et al., which we enhance to handle dynamic image sequences, and an MPEG‐2 implementation. Our results clearly demonstrate many advantages of coupling the rendering with video compression in terms of faster rendering. Furthermore, temporally coherent rendering leads to a reduction of temporal artifacts.     

远程故障诊断系统通信数据压缩技术研究与验证

根据远程故障诊断的测试数据的网络传输特点,在详细分析和比较了多种数据压缩算法的基础上,针对LZW算法字典列表长度有限、查找时间长等问题,利用加入了动态延伸列表长度、根据压缩比例调整已有的字典内容和哈希函数查找等方法,对LZW算法提出了改进措施;同时,引入MPEG帧间压缩的思想,设计了一种新的"周期性差值压缩方法",将改进的LZW数据压缩算法与"周期性差值压缩方法"相结合,构成了更有效的级联数据压缩方法,有效地提高了数据压缩比率和效率,并且该算法的处理速度能够满足远程故障诊断系统对通信的要求。     

MODIS遥感数据特征及其压缩技术研究

MODIS是EOS计划中新一代光学遥感仪器,广泛应用于地球长期观测、地球环境监测、自然灾害监测方面.首先简要地概述EOS及MODIS特性,接着分析MODIS数据特征,总结当前出现的各类MODIS数据压缩技术,最后介绍几种典型算法.     

遥感图像快速压缩传输系统的设计与实现

遥感图像快速压缩传输系统为用户开展海量遥感图像存储与网络共享提供技术支撑平台。系统采用客户端对客户端的设计架构,采用图像分层分块、自适应小波变换、网络链路质量探测等技术,成功研制了遥感图像快速压缩传输系统,满足了各类型遥感图像应用单位之间的遥感图像共享、浏览、压缩与传输需求。