一种QoS保证的WMSNs实时路由协议

为了满足无线多媒体传感器网络(WMSNs)对数据的实时性要求,本文提出了一种QoS保证的WMSNs实时路由协议(WMSNRR).该协议在路由选择时,充分考虑两跳节点的转播速率及剩余能量等信息.同时,还采用了一种基于缓存队列长度和节点收发数据率的控制方法,区分业务进行拥塞控制.仿真结果表明,在节点非均匀分布的情况下,该协...     

A fuzzy logical controller for traffic load parameter with priority-based rate in wireless multimedia sensor networks

In wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs), sensor nodes use different types of sensors to gather different types of data. In multimedia applications, it is necessary to provide reliable and fair protocols in order to meet specific requirements of quality of service (QoS) demands in regard to these different types of data. To prolong the system lifetime of WMSNs, it is necessary to perform adjustments to the transmission rate and to mitigate network congestion. In previous works investigating WMSNs, exponential weighted priority-based rate control (EWPBRC) schemes with traffic load parameter (TLP) schemes in WMSNs were used to control congestion by adjusting transmission rates relative to various data types. However, when the TLP is fixed, a large change in data transmission causes a significant difference between input transmission rate and the estimated output transmission rate of each sensor node. This study proposes a novel fuzzy logical controller (FLC) pertaining to TLP schemes with an EWPBRC that estimates the output transmission rate of the parent node and then assigns a suitable transmission rate based on the traffic load of each child node, with attention paid to the different amounts of data being transmitted. Simulation results show that the performance of our proposed scheme has a better transmission rate as compared to PBRC: the delay and loss probability are reduced. In addition, our proposed scheme can effectively control different transmission data types insofar as achieving the QoS requirements of a system while decreasing network resource consumption.     

基于优先级的服务区分和速率控制策略

针对中高速无线传感器网络中不同种类的网络流量对服务质量的需求,提出一种基于优先级的服务区分和速率控制策略。该策略对实时性和可靠性要求强的流量赋予高优先级以进行服务区分;并利用ε因子计算节点的速率差,逐跳地调整其上游节点的发送速率。仿真结果表明,所提出的策略能够保证高优先级实时流量具有高吞吐量和低延迟,并保持网络吞吐量的稳定。     

一种基于IEEE 802.11e的多跳无线网络拥塞控制协议

多跳无线网络中网络拥塞的出现将严重降低网络的性能。基于802.11e提供的区分业务类型的信道接入优先级机制,提出了一种对尽力而为(best-effort)类型业务动态调整其优先级进行网络拥塞控制的协议。该算法的主要思想是对发生网络拥塞的节点提升其业务流传输的优先级使其获得更多的传输机会以缓解拥塞状况,并对严重的网络拥塞状况采取反向施压的策略降低上游节点业务流的转发速率。仿真结果表明,该算法有效地提高了网络重负载情况下的吞吐量。     

Traffic-aware congestion control (TACC) for wireless multimedia sensor networks

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) have emerged as a revolutionary technology, that has shifted the focus of low power wireless sensor networks (WSNs)....     

基于滑模变结构的无线传感器网络跨层拥塞控制

基于滑模变结构机制,讨论了节点级和链路级同时发生拥塞情况下的无线传感器网络跨层拥塞控制问题.对于节点级拥塞和链路级拥塞分别提出了准滑模控制策略.链路级拥塞采取节点输出流量最小的数据包优先进行传输的原则,实现了拥塞控制的跨层设计,大大降低了各节点排队时间,能够有效缓解拥塞的发生.仿真结果表明,该算法实现了较高的吞吐量和较低的延迟,提高了整个网络的服务质量.     

DSMAC:一种适于无线多媒体传感器网络的信道接入协议

多媒体传感器网络作为一种多媒体信息获取和处理方式,已在军事、民用及商业领域中显示出广阔的应用前景.信道接入协议能否高效地使用无线信道是保证无线多媒体传感器网络通信的最关键的因素之一.分析支持多媒体业务传输的无线传感器网络信道接入协议的要求,提出适于多媒体传感器网络提供区分服务的信道接入协议--DSMAC(different service medium access control),对实时业务与非实时业务实现了区分服务,在信道接入帧内的随机竞争期实现突发业务及时接入,支持突发多媒体业务实时传输,并提出了多信道簇间传输方式,避免了隐终端冲突.最后,对协议的服务区分、实时性、吞吐量以及能量有效性等性能进行了仿真实验,验证了其优良性能.     

Design and implementation of a QoS-aware MAC protocol for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) have entered the class of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to meet the multimedia requirements of new emerging applications, such as surveillance and telepresence. Combining the traditional scalar sensors used in WSN nodes with tiny cameras and microphones, WMSNs commonly carry heterogeneous traffic with different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. In order to deliver heterogeneous traffic with different requirements in highly resource constrained sensor networks, QoS provisioning and service differentiation become unavoidable. In this paper first we discuss the QoS-provisioning in sensor networks and evaluate the efficiency of existing QoS-aware MAC protocols. As a result of this evaluation, next we design and implement a QoS-aware MAC protocol for WMSNs, Diff-MAC, which integrates different methods to meet the requirements of QoS provisioning to deliver heterogeneous traffic and provides a fair all-in-one QoS-aware MAC protocol. Diff-MAC aims to increase the utilization of the channel with effective service differentiation mechanisms while providing fair and fast delivery of the data. Performance evaluation results of Diff-MAC, obtained through extensive simulations, show significant improvements, in terms of latency, data delivery and energy efficiency, compared to two other existing protocols. Implementation of Diff-MAC on Imote2 platform also reveals that the protocol with moderate complexity can be easily implemented on the resource constrained motes.     

无线传感器网络中一种ARMA流量预测的拥塞控制算法

在无线传感器网络中,由于各节点的通信能力、计算能力、存储能力等都比较有限,使其需采取有别于传统网络的拥塞控制策略.本文针对传感网络特有的多对一、多跳通信方式经常导致网络拥塞的缺陷,提出一种基于流量预测的拥塞避免算法(SCATP).该算法通过ARMA模型分析流经各节点的当前流量,预测网络下一时刻的拥塞状况,并据此进行流量分配,从而实现拥塞控制的同时保证数据的可靠传输.仿真实验表明,SCATP算法在延迟、抖动率、吞吐量和能量有效性等方面能有效改善网络的服务质量.     

无线多媒体传感网节点能耗问题评述

同只具有简单环境数据采集功能的传统无线传感器网络(WSNs)相比,无线多媒体传感器网络(WMSNs)能实现精细粒度的音频、视频、图像等媒体信息的采集与处理,在军事、民用、商业等领域具有非常广阔的应用前景。能耗问题是WMSNs的核心问题,已受到各界的广泛关注。主要从节点节能的角度出发,分析了视频节点的能耗主要来源及其分布,结合视频节点结构和其能耗分布特点,从数据采集、数据处理和数据传输3个方面探讨了节点节能技术的国内外研究进展与所面临的挑战,并展望了未来的发展趋势。     

基于WMSNs的图像数据传输系统设计与实现

无线多媒体传感器网络（ WMSNs）节点存在功耗大、体积大和抗损毁性差等问题,且不适合大规模使用。该研究围绕WMSNs节点的关键技术展开研究,设计并实现了一个图像数据无线传输的低功耗、高效率的系统,该系统采用三层网络结构进行图像数据无线传输,构造了性能优化、结构优良的WMSNs,以此解决了WMSNs的图像传输关键问题。在搭建的开发与测试环境中,完成了节点通信距离的测试和节点功耗测试。测试结果表明：该测试平台性能良好,能够实现图像数据的可靠传输。该研究为WMSNs图像数据传输系统设计提供研究基础和思路。     

无线传感器网络的拥塞控制技术

无线传感器网络的多对一通信方式、无线链路的相互干扰、网络的动态变化和资源受限等特性,使得无线传感器网络容易出现拥塞,严重影响网络的QoS传输性能和生存周期,因此拥塞控制成为无线传感器网络服务质量保障机制的关键技术之一.在分析无线传感器网络特点的基础上,说明了拥塞检测和拥塞避免的策略,重点介绍和分析了基于速率控制、流量调度和传输调度等典型的拥塞解除算法,最后对拥塞控制技术的发展趋势进行了展望.     

一种基于QoS的无线传感器网络路由协议

针对无线传感器网络中不同应用的QoS需求,提出了一种路由协议QMR。该协议使用节点剩余能量、可用缓存以及信道质量等度量值综合评估路径传输可靠性,根据量化的评估值构建自源节点至目的节点的多条路径;并引入路径选取模型,允许数据包依据优先级同时在多条路径上传输;接着采用按通信量更新策略,根据网络流量情况动态调整路由更新频率。通过仿真实验分析得出,该协议在降低网络能耗、提供差别服务方面具有良好的性能。     

Dynamic admission control in hybrid QoS networks with WiFi access

Recent developments in the IEEE 802.11 standardizations[1] have been successful to offer high-speed data services. Hence, traffic classes (e.g. VoIP or video-conference) with different QoS requirements will be provided in future wireless LANs (WLAN). Sinc…     

Rate control for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks: Characterization,algorithms and performance

This paper addresses the rate control and resource allocation problem for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, which consist of diverse node types or modalities such as sensors and actuators, and different tasks or applications. The performance of these applications, either elastic traffic nature (e.g., typical data collection) or inelastic traffic nature (e.g., real-time monitoring and controlling), is modeled as a utility function of the sensor source rate. The traditional rate control approach, which requires the utility function to be strictly concave, is no longer applicable because of the involvement of inelastic traffic. Therefore, we develop a utility framework of rate control for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks with single- and multiple-path routing, and propose utility fair rate control algorithms, that are able to allocate the resources (wireless channel capacity and sensor node energy) efficiently and guarantee the application performance in a utility proportional or max–min fair manner. Furthermore, the optimization and convergence of the algorithm is investigated rigorously as well.     

基于移动Agent的无线多媒体传感器网络QoS路由算法

无线多媒体传感器网络(WMSNs)的主要特点包括资源有限、时延敏感和数据冗余性高。此外,音视频数据流传输所需的带宽是多媒体传感器节点所能承受的最大传输带宽的几倍。上述因素使得WMSNs的QoS 路由成为一个亟待解决的关键技术问题。鉴于此,首先通过基于等差数列的非均匀分簇算法对网络区域进行划分,然后在此网络拓扑上,提出一种基于移动Agent的WMSNs的QoS路由算法(MAQR)。MAQR由路由发现和数据传输两个阶段组成。在路由发现阶段,采用移动代理技术完成多路径路由发现。在数据传输阶段,采用多优先级多路径传输模型把数据流进行分类,并利用流量预测算法实现网络的负载均衡。最后,在NS-2平台上实现了MAQR,通过与同类算法进行仿真比较,发现MAQR较之同类算法能够明显地提高音视频传输的服务质量。此外,MAQR算法比同类算法的能耗更低。     

多媒体无线传感器网络拥塞控制研究

介绍了多媒体无线传感器网络的特点及其应用,分析了存在拥塞的原因,总结了近期无线传感器中拥塞控制算法的研究成果,在此基础上展望了多媒体无线传感器网络拥塞控制算法的研究方向.     

A survey on wireless multimedia sensor networks

The availability of low-cost hardware such as CMOS cameras and microphones has fostered the development of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs), i.e., networks of wirelessly interconnected devices that are able to ubiquitously retrieve multimedia content such as video and audio streams, still images, and scalar sensor data from the environment. In this paper, the state of the art in algorithms, protocols, and hardware for wireless multimedia sensor networks is surveyed, and open research issues are discussed in detail. Architectures for WMSNs are explored, along with their advantages and drawbacks. Currently off-the-shelf hardware as well as available research prototypes for WMSNs are listed and classified. Existing solutions and open research issues at the application, transport, network, link, and physical layers of the communication protocol stack are investigated, along with possible cross-layer synergies and optimizations.     

A gradient based routing scheme for street lighting wireless sensor networks

Routing for wireless sensor networks based on gradient is a simple, reliable solution resulting in low information costs for the network package, as well as for the node itself. It is used for convergent traffic, where sensor nodes send messages to the sink node. Due to message transmission failures inherent to wireless sensor networks, researches in this area agree that point-to-point message confirmation in these networks is essential. This work proposes solutions for gradient-based routing using a confirmation mechanism for different neighbors, where four protocol variations are evaluated for sensor networks applications in order to monitor and control electrical variables. Results demonstrate that the protocol based on the longest distance has a satisfactory package delivery rate in severe conditions specified to the application. Furthermore, results show in which situations each routing protocol variation better suits the target application.