泛化类型的机读词典属性信息抽取

为了构建实体关系网络、改进和完善基于概念的信息检索,提出一种不针对特定属性类型的从机读词典中抽取概念实例的属性值信息的方法。首先,通过手工标注和遴选等方式生成初始实体—属性值对集并抽取出粗糙模式实例集;其次,经过对模式实例集的聚类合并和扩充处理得到若干组的模式实例,每一组代表一个属性类型;最后,从词典中抽取出新实体词汇的属性值信息。在模式实例集的处理中引入了同义词扩展和词汇语义相似度计算以提高模式实例的覆盖率。实验中针对《现代汉语规范词典》中的电子领域词汇进行抽取,取得了较好的效果。     

基于词共现图的属性知识库迭代自增式扩展算法

属性知识库扩展研究中已有的开放式信息抽取方法都十分依赖深度句法分析或有效的词典规则,在短文本处理上效果较差,召回率较低.文中提出基于词共现图的属性知识库迭代自增式扩展算法,利用属性与属性值的共现关系扩展知识库,并设计基于图的社区发现算法,找出社区的核心节点.最后,设计基于卷积神经网络的模型对抽取结果进行去噪.在两个真实数据集上的实验表明,文中方法在抽取质量上优于现有方法.     

一种基于SVM和AdaBoost的Web实体信息抽取方法

提出一种基于SVM和AdaBoost的Web实体信息抽取方法。首先提出一种基于SVM的Web页面主数据区域识别方法,基于Web实体实例在页面中的展示特征,有效地将Web页面进行数据区域分割,识别出Web实体实例所在的主数据区域;然后基于Web实体属性标签的特征,提出一种基于AdaBoost的集成学习方法,从页面的主数据区域自动地抽取Web实体信息。在两个真实数据集上进行实验,并与相关研究工作进行比较,实验结果说明该方法能够取得良好的抽取效果。     

一种基于RDF的多值信息系统查询算法

多值信息系统具有实例属性取多值的特点，其查询的关键在于衡量查询条件集合的等价集和实例属性值集合的等价集之间的相似性。本文提出了一种多值信息系统的查询算法，该算法综合考察了集合比较涉及到的三个关键因素，在一定程度上减少了结果中不合理的实例，即其属性值集合与查询集合数目相差过大，也降低了非法输入数据对查询的
的干扰。大量的实验数据证明了算法的可行性和有效性。     

一种基于WWW的Ontology属性值自动提取方法

属性值是描述Ontology中类的重要信息,但是当前关于属性值的自动提取的研究并不多。该文提出一种基于WWW的Ontology属性值自动提取方法。论文首先提出了一种在小规模属性值种子集的基础上,包含属性值的句子的选择与属性值提取互动的方法。这种方法利用互联网信息的冗余性,自动抽取并扩充目标属性值集合。然后,为避免人工构造属性值种子集,提出种子集自动生成的方法。我们设计实验来计算提取结果的正确率和召回率,此外,我们还通过将填充后的Ontology信息用于网页正文提取任务来展示Ontology自动扩充结果的有效性。     

基于文体和词表的突发事件信息抽取研究

非结构化数据的结构化任务是大数据环境下管理信息系统面临的新课题。该文从文体的角度研究自由文本的特性,提出了从Web新闻中抽取突发事件属性的方法,该方法首先分析研究了Web文本和新闻文体的特征,利用Google Word2Vec对领域专家构建的词表进行扩展,针对突发事件的不同属性制定了不同的抽取方法: 采用词表实现事件分类,采用文体特征进行时间、事件摘要的抽取,采用文体和词表进行地点、伤亡情况和经济损失属性的抽取。实验表明,采用基于文体和词表方法在爬取的Web新闻语料库和公开语料库进行突发事件的属性进行抽取时,平均准确率分别为87.89%、91.29%,平均召回率分别为81.76%、87.91%,能满足应急管理需求。     

健康领域Web信息抽取

针对Web信息抽取(WIE)技术在健康领域应用的问题,提出了一种基于WebHarvest的健康领域Web信息抽取方法。通过对不同健康网站的结构分析设计健康实体的抽取规则,实现了基于WebHarvest的自动抽取健康实体及其属性的算法;再把抽取的实体及其属性进行一致性检查后存入关系数据库中,然后对关系数据库中隐含健康实体的属性值利用Ansj自然语言处理方法进行实体识别, 进而抽取健康实体之间的联系。该技术在健康实体抽取实验中,平均F值达到99.9%,在实体联系抽取实验中,平均F值达到80.51%。实验结果表明提出的Web信息抽取技术在健康领域抽取的健康信息具有较高的质量和可信性。     

中文专利属性值对抽取技术及应用

专利信息抽取是专利分析的基础,属性及属性值的识别与抽取是专利信息抽取所要解决的关键问题。目前,在中文专利信息抽取领域针对属性和属性值同步抽取的研究较少。本文以中文专利摘要作为实验语料,运用统计学习知识,提出一种基于条件随机场的抽取方法。该方法将属性和属性值视为命名实体,利用语料训练得到条件随机场模型,从而实现对属性和属性值的抽取;再利用挖掘的关联规则完成属性与属性值匹配。实验结果的准确率、召回率和F值分别是80.8%、81.2%和81.0%,其表明该方法能够高效同步抽取属性和属性值。同时,在抽取结果的基础上,本文完成了对专利的分析和同类专利的比较,体现了本方法的实用价值。     

触发词与属性值对联合抽取方法研究

传统的属性值对抽取方法通常应用于短文本,且仅限于抽取字符串属性。提出一种触发词与属性值对的联合抽取方法,不仅能够通过识别触发词确定长文本中的信息语句,从而确定二元语义属性的取值,而且能够考虑触发词、字符串属性和属性值的相互依赖关系,基于条件随机场构建联合标记模型,提高字符串属性值对的抽取性能。实验结果显示,与传统方法相比,所提出的方法能够抽取二元语义属性值对,并且对字符串属性的抽取准确率、召回率和F值分别提高15.3%、15.5%和15.5%,同时抽取所用平均时间降低76.29%。     

一种迭代式的概念属性名称自动获取方法

属性是一种用于描述概念和鉴别概念的特殊知识。属性名称是表示属性的专有名词。该文提出了一种基于前后缀迭代的方法,从Web网页中获取概念的属性名称。该方法的每一次迭代分为两个阶段: (1) 从现有种子属性集中选择合适的前后缀,构造词汇-句法模式,从Web网页中提取候选属性;(2) 采用基于相似性的验证模型对候选属性进行验证,以扩充现有属性集合。该文提出了一组验证模型对候选属性进行验证,比较各个模型的优缺点,并在地域类和商业主体类概念上分别得到了平均92.9%和90.7%的准确率,以及对原有种子属性集合近100倍的扩充率。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate