国际保险

国际保险○国际货物运输保险合同的当事人及代理人国际货物运输保险合同，是投保人或被保险人支付保险费，在保险标的遭遇约定的事故时，由保险人向被保险人给予赔偿的合同。１．保险人（ＩｎｓｕｒｅｒｏｒＵｎｄｅｒ－ｗｒｉｔｅｒ），亦称承保人，是指收取约定的金额（...     

浅谈建设工程合同管理

在目前的合同管理中，应加强制度管理和风险管理，树立合同管理意识，普及合同管理知识，提高项目风险防范意识。如果在实施过程中没有严格按照合同中的约定执行，也没有具备风险防范意识，一旦发生合同纠纷，就会造成较大的经济损失。     

高速公路建设灾害计算机系统预警管理体系的研究

随着经济的发展,社会的进步,道路工程的建设也呈现出前所未有的繁荣。尤其是为了满足现代社会快节奏的生活和生产方式,高速公路工程的建设更是达到了前所未有的高度。本文先对高速公路建设灾害进行分析,继而对高速公路建设灾害计算机系统预警管理体系进行叙述,希望能够对高速公路建设的实际施工带来有利影响。     

高速公路隧道机电消防系统工程建设标准

随着我国道路交通工程的快速发展,高速公路不断向地形复杂的地区延伸,这就造成了隧道较多的高速公路建设现状。在这样的现状之下,为了保障高速公路的正常运行,就需要着重注意高速公路的隧道消防安全,因此,我们认为需要从高速公路隧道机电消防系统工程的建设实现入手,来确立一定的建设标准,最终促进高速公路隧道机电消防系统工程的机电化运行,确保整个高速公路的正常运行。     

没有商誉，IT业路在何方

从来没有像现在这样觉得IT企业的商誉之差,如此感慨的触发点是来自一件发生在第九届软件博览会期间的不起眼的小事。没想到的是同样参加一个展览会,从传统制造业出身的企业(以下简称A)和从事所谓朝阳产业的IT企业(以下简称B)做法竟然有如此大的差异。根据合同,参展的企业需要在5月底之前缴纳所有场馆费用,A在签订合同后立即支付了所有费用,B至今还在走所谓的“流程”。更加“刺激”笔者的是,A与一家展览公司签订布展协议,协议约定A确定布展方案之后向展览公司支付合同金额的50%,展览会结束当天支付剩余的50%。如果换作B,我相信至少有50…     

政府采购答疑

问：对采购合同的签订有何规定？ 答：集中采购的合同由采购中心与供应商签订；对货物工程不服务有特别要求的，可以由采购中心会同采购人与供应商签订，集中采购合同报采购管理办公室备案。 分散采购的合同由各采购人与供应商签订。 问：对采购合同的履行与变更有何规定？ 答：政府采购合同依法成立，合同双方应当全面履行合同的约定，任何一方不得擅自变更或者解除合同。 经合同双方协商一致需要变更实质性条款的，采购人应当于变更合同前获得政府采购管理办公室同意。 问：如何进行采购验收？ 答：集中采购的货物、工程和服务，由采购中…     

浅谈我国公路工程监理需要注意的若干问题

实施公路工程的监理已经成为国际惯例,公路工程监理制度在我国公路工程建设中实施的相对较晚,不可否认,公路工程监理制度的引入在我国的公路工程基础设施建设的发展中发挥了重要的作用。当前在公路工程监理过程中需要对监理人员的素质提升、施工过程中安全方面的管理、旁站监理以及工程计量支付等这些方面问题引起重视。     

收费 监控 语音 三合一——数字硬盘录像机在甘肃6条高速公路视频监控中应用

甘肃省公路建设的世纪工程——6条高速公路:柳忠高速公路、尹中高速公路、巉柳高速公路、白兰高速公路、古永高速公路、永山高速公路的成功建设,是在“十五”交通信息化——利用计算机多媒体及网络通信技术建设交通行业信息化基础设     

投稿须知

《网络与信息》杂志是经国家科技部和国家新闻出版总署批准的国内外公开发行的计算机网络应用类专业媒体。主要刊登计算机技术、网络与通信技术、信息化建设、信息管理、工程评估、项目咨询与管理、电子商务、会计电算化、计算机辅助教学及管理、网站开发及管理、无线网络技术及应用、信息安全技术等方面的论文及文章。凡在本刊发表之作品,如双方无特殊约定,一经支付稿酬,则自动视为作者已     

区块链技术在电力行业物资合同管理中的应用

在现代化的电力行业中,每年都需要采购大量的电力设备用于建设电网工程,由于电网建设环节复杂、所需物资设备类型较多,很难管理和众多供应商签订的物资合同.为了提高合同签订效率、保障电网建设工程的进度和质量,文章提出了把区块链技术应用在电力行业物资合同的管理中,由电网企业和设备供应商之间建立的用于签订合同的联盟链,并提出了一种基于改进的委托权益证明（DPoS）的实用拜占庭容错（PBFT）的共识机制,该机制结合合同签订次数给节点动态授权,优化了代理节点的选择策略.以区块链技术实现的电子合同既有传统电子合同建立在密码学算法基础上的安全性,又有多方协作、不可篡改和可追溯的透明性和真实性,使物资合同的签订和后续的管理都更加便捷和安全.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.